Amasya vilâyetinin Osmanlı memâlikinden ma'dûd olduğu 788 senesinden 918 sâline kadar devâm eden yüz yirmi dokuz yıl içinde Amasya'ya ta'yîn edilen vâlîleri, kadıları, müftüleri ve sâ'ir ehl-i örfü, Amasya ve havâlîsinde hâdis olan vekâyi'i bildirir.
Osmânlılar, lugaten Osmanlı devletini kuran Osmân Bey'e ve evlâdına mensûb ve tarafdâr olan Türkler demekdir. Hâssaten Osmân Bey'in sülâlesine, evlâd ve ensâbına "Osmânlılar" denirdi. Sonradan Osmanlı Devleti'ne tâbi' olan her ferde "Osmanlı" dendi. Vaktiyle her nâzik, edîb, cündî, terbiyeli adamlara “Osmanlı" denmişdi. [142]
Osmânlılık kendisine nisbet edilen Birinci Sultân Osmân 621 senesinde Belh ile Kirmân arasında vâki' Mahân şehrinden kalkıp Celâleddîn Harezm Şâh ile beraber Anadolu'ya hicret eden "Kayılu" aşîreti beylerinden Süleyman Şâh bin Kaya Alp'ın torunudur. Pederi Söğüd İli beyi Ertuğrul Bey bin Süleyman Şâh'dır.
Sultân Osmân, saltanat-ı Selçûkiyye'nin inkırâzında yalnız başına beylik eden uç beylerinden olup garbî Anadolu'yu Rûm İmparatorluğunun istîlâsına karşı bütün varlığıyla müdâfa'a eden Türkler'in ulu beyi ve başkumandânıdır. Vefâtında mahdûmu Sultân Orhân yerine geçdi. Bursa'da oturdu.
Sultân Orhân, Türklüğü boğmaya çalışan Rûmlar'ı kahr ederek Rûmeli'ne geçdi. Edirne'yi aldığı esnâda 761 senesinde vefât edib yerine mahdûmu Birinci Sultân Murâd Hân geçdi. Kendisine "Hünkâr Gâzi" denirdi.
In Modern English
It reports the governors, judges, muftis, and other officials of the customary administration appointed to Amasya, and the events that took place in and around Amasya, within the one hundred and twenty-nine years from 788 [1386], when the province of Amasya was counted among the Ottoman lands, to the year 918.
"Osmanlılar" (the Ottomans), in the dictionary, means the Turks who belonged to and sided with Osman Bey, who founded the Ottoman state, and his children. In particular, Osman Bey's dynasty, his children, and those descended from him were called "Osmanlılar." Later every individual attached to the Ottoman State was called "Osmanlı." Once, every refined, cultured, soldierly, and well-mannered man had also been called "Osmanlı."
The First Sultan Osman, to whom Ottomanness is attributed, was the grandson of Süleyman Şah bin Kaya Alp, one of the beys of the "Kayılu" tribe, who set out in 621 [1224] from the city of Mahan, between Balkh and Kerman, and migrated to Anatolia with Celâleddîn Harezmşah. His father was Ertuğrul Bey bin Süleyman Şah, bey of the Söğüt region.
Sultan Osman was one of the frontier beys who ruled as a beylik on his own at the collapse of the Seljuk sultanate. He was the great bey and commander-in-chief of the Turks who defended western Anatolia with all their being against the invasion of the Byzantine Empire. At his death his son Sultan Orhan took his place. He sat in Bursa.
Sultan Orhan, defeating the Greeks who were trying to stifle Turkishness, crossed into Rumelia. At the time he took Edirne he died in 761 [1360], and his son the First Sultan Murâd Han took his place. He was called "Hünkâr Gâzi."
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- ehl-i örf: officials exercising the customary (sultanic) authority of the sultan and the state; administrators such as governors and sanjak beys
- mensûb: attached, belonging
- cündî: soldier
- inkırâz: ending, collapse
- uç beyi: bey on the frontier of the state, guarding the border
- hünkâr: ruler, sultan
The Origin of the Ottoman Dynasty
The chain Hüsameddin gives for Osman Bey's lineage (Süleyman Şah bin Kaya Alp, from him Ertuğrul, from him Osman) is an old account of Ottoman historiography. According to the TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi entry on Ertuğrul Gazi, much of what is known about Ertuğrul's identity and life rests on works written at a late date. Ertuğrul's name is not found in the works of contemporary Byzantine historians and Islamic geographers; the information appears in the first Ottoman chronicles that began to be written in the early 15th century. In these chronicles Ertuğrul's father's name is given in two different forms: Ahmedî, Enverî, and Karamânî Mehmed Pasha say Gündüz Alp, while Oruç b. Âdil, Âşıkpaşazâde, and Neşrî say Süleyman Şah. According to the same entry, it is now almost certain that the information in the second group is not correct; the fact that a coin belonging to Osman Bey reads "Osman b. Ertuğrul b. Gündüz Alp" strengthens this view. Hüsameddin, however, repeats the old account that accepts Süleyman Şah and his coming from Mahan with the Khwarazmshah. Present-day research departs from him on the name Süleyman Şah.
The explanation Hüsameddin gives on the old meanings of the name "Osmanlı" (that a refined, well-mannered person was called "Osmanlı") could not be verified in other sources.
Orhan Bey's Death and Murad's Accession
Hüsameddin writes that Orhan died in 761 [1360], at the time Edirne was taken. According to the entry on Murad I in the TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Murad conducted conquests in Rumelia as a prince from 1357, marched on Edirne in the spring of 762 (1361), and continued these activities until 1362. The same entry notes that the Ottoman chronicles place this activity of Murad after his accession and that this has led modern historians to wrong assumptions. That is, the order between the taking of Edirne and Orhan's death is not as certain as in the classical account Hüsameddin relays. The entry also writes that Murad is commonly called "Gazi Hünkâr" and "Hudâvendigâr" in Ottoman histories; Hüsameddin's expression "Hünkâr Gâzi" agrees with this.
The same entry also writes that Bahtiyar Bey, one of the emirs of Amasya, who took Orhan Bey's death as an opportunity, took Ankara.
One Hundred and Twenty-Nine Years
Hüsameddin gives the period between 788 and 918 as "one hundred and twenty-nine years"; yet in hijri terms the difference between them is one hundred and thirty years. The difference may have arisen from counting the starting year as 789 or from a fractional calculation of the year; no source confirming this could be found.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 3, p. 445–446. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies