Gâzi-i müşârün-ileyh Sultân Murâd Hân'ın mahdûmudur. Kemâl Paşazâde merhûmun târîhe muvâfık, vesîka-i şer'iyyeye müstenid olan beyânı üzere devlet-i Osmâniye tarafından Amasya'ya ta'yîn edilen ilk vâlîdir.
Amasya vâlîsi olduğu 788 şevvâlinde i'lân edilen şehzâde Sultân Bâyezîd, Kadı Burhân'a bir tehdîd-nâme irsâl ederek Amasya hudûdundan çekilip gitmesini, Amasya ve mülhakâtının Osmanlı memâlikinden olduğunu beyân etdi. [143]
Kadı Burhân, beht ve hayretini celb eden bu tehdîd üzerine Turhal'dan kalkıp gitdi. Şehzâdenin hüsn-i idâresine vâkıf ve Kadı Burhân'ın tecâvüzât-ı zâlimânesinden bîzâr olan halk ve beyler akın akın Amasya'ya gelip şehzâde-i müşârün-ileyhe arz-ı şükrân ve mutâba'at etmişlerdir.
Şehzâde Sultân Bâyezîd, Amasya vilâyeti dâhilinde idâre-i Osmâniye'yi tesbît edecek işler yapdı. Sâbık Amasya emîrini ve sâ'ir me'mûrlarını makâmlarında ibkâ ederek her birini taltîf etdi. Hasan Bey, ilk Osmanlı dizdârı olarak kale muhâfızı oldu.
788 senesinde Eretnazâde Ca'fer Bey, Kayseriyye dâhilinde Karakaya Karyesi'nde meşâyihden Hacı Dânişmend oğlu es-Seyyid eş-Şeyh Îsâ Çelebi bin eş-Şeyh Halîl'e bir zâviye yapdırdı. Bu zâviye mesâlihine Karakaya Karyesi'ni ve sâ'ir kurâ ve mezâri'i vakf etdi. Bu vakfa hükm eden hâkim, Kayseriyye kadısı İbrâhim bin Zülfikâr el-Kayserî olduğu vakfiyesi bâlâsında yazılıdır.
Kuyûd-ı vakfiye idâresinde mevcûd olan vakfiyede vâkıf şöyle tavsîf ediliyor:
األميراألجل األعز األكرم المكرم صاحب السيف والقلم رافع القدر والعلم جعفربك بن المرحوم المغفور
له السعيد الشهيد السلطان األعظم ارتنا طاب هللا ثراه وجعل الجنة مثواه ⁵³⁴
788 gurre-i ramazânında tanzîm edilen şu vesîka şehâdet ediyor ki Sultân Eretnazâde Ca'fer Bey bu târîhde Kayseriyye emîri olduğu hâlde ber-hayât idi. Vezîr ve müdebbir-i umûru da Ömer Beyzâde Cüneyd Bey'di. Mısır hükûmetinin himâyesine ilticâ eden de bunlardı. [144]
Şehzâde Sultân Bâyezîd, Amasya vilâyetinde huzûr ve âsâyiş-i âmmeyi te'mîn ederek halka emniyyet vermişdi. Bu sebebden mukaddemen Kadı Burhân'a ilticâ edenler avdet ediyorlardı. Bunlardan Divriklizâde Şeyh Alî Yâr demekle meşhûr olan şâir ve şeyh Alî Yâr Çelebi Amasya'ya geldi. Şehzâde-i müşârün-ileyhe bir kasîde-i Fârisiyye takdîm ederek nâ'il-i ihsân oldu.⁵³⁵
Lâkin Osmanlı Türkleri Avrupa'da Türklüğün yükselmesine çalışıyorlar, inkişâflarına engel olan Sırblar'la harb etmek üzere tedârikler görüyorlar, her tarafdan Kosova sahrâsına doğru koşuyorlardı.
Bunun için şehzâde Sultân Bâyezîd, pederinden aldığı emir üzerine Amasya'dan topladığı bir fırka asker ve ma'iyyetine kabûl etdiği erlerle Edirne'ye müteveccihen Amasya'dan hareket etdi. Amasya vilâyetini de eski sâhibi olan Devâtdâr Ahmed Bey'in idâresine "Amasya Beylerbeyi" unvânıyla bırakdı.
Şehzâde Bâyezîd Bey, Amasya'da ikâmet etdiği zamânlarda fuzalâ-yı meşâyihden Ebû İshâk Kâzerûnî demekle meşhûr Mevlânâ Şeyh Şemseddîn Mü'eyyed Çelebi'ye ve dâmâdı olan Şeyh Yâr Alî Çelebi'ye izhâr-ı meyl ü muhabbet etmişlerdi. Ulemâdan ve a'yânzâdelerden hayli zevât ile beraber bunları alıp götürdüler.
Bunların içinde Devâtdâr Ahmed Beyzâde Şâdgeldi, birâderi Mustafa [145] Beyzâde Îsâ, ammizâdesi Kutlu, eniştesi ve vezîri Muhammed Çelebizâde Kaya Beyler de vardı.
In Modern English
He is the son of the said ghazi Sultan Murâd Hân. According to the account of the late Kemâl Paşazâde, in keeping with history and based on a canonical-law document, he is the first governor appointed to Amasya by the Ottoman state.
Prince Sultan Bâyezîd, who was proclaimed governor of Amasya in Shawwal 788 [1386], sent Kadı Burhân a letter of threat, announcing that he must withdraw from the border of Amasya and that Amasya and its dependencies belonged to the Ottoman country.
Kadı Burhân, at this threat that aroused his bewilderment and astonishment, left Turhal and went. The people and beys, who knew the prince's good administration and were overwhelmed by Kadı Burhân's cruel attacks, came flocking to Amasya and offered the said prince their gratitude and allegiance.
Prince Sultan Bâyezîd carried out works that would consolidate Ottoman administration within the province of Amasya. Leaving the former emir of Amasya and the other officials in their posts, he rewarded each of them. Hasan Bey became the first Ottoman dizdar, the fortress guardian.
In 788 [1386] Eretnazâde Ca'fer Bey had a zawiya built, within the borders of Kayseri in the village of Karakaya, for es-Seyyid eş-Şeyh Îsâ Çelebi bin eş-Şeyh Halîl, son of Hacı Dânişmend, one of the sheikhs. He endowed the village of Karakaya and other villages and fields for the needs of this zawiya. That the judge who ruled on this endowment was the judge of Kayseri, İbrâhim bin Zülfikâr el-Kayserî, is written at the top of the endowment deed.
In the endowment deed kept in the administration of waqf records, the founder is described as follows:
"The emir of exalted rank, dear, generous, respected, possessor of sword and pen, exalter of rank and banner, Ca'fer Bey; he is the son of the late, forgiven, blessed, martyred, greatest sultan Eretna. May God make his earth fair and make paradise his abode."
This document drawn up at the beginning of Ramadan 788 [1386] shows that Sultan Eretnazâde Ca'fer Bey was alive at this date as emir of Kayseri. His vizier and prudent conductor of affairs was Cüneyd Bey, son of Ömer Bey. It was these who took refuge in the protection of the Egyptian government.
Prince Sultan Bâyezîd had secured peace and general order in the province of Amasya and given the people confidence. For this reason those who had earlier taken refuge with Kadı Burhân were returning. Among them the poet and sheikh Alî Yâr Çelebi, famous as Divriklizâde Şeyh Alî Yâr, came to Amasya. Presenting the said prince with a Persian qasida, he received a gift.
But the Ottoman Turks were working for the rise of Turkishness in Europe, making preparations to fight the Serbs who obstructed their development, and rushing from every side toward the plain of Kosovo.
For this reason Prince Sultan Bâyezîd, on an order received from his father, set out from Amasya toward Edirne with a military unit gathered from Amasya and men he accepted into his retinue. He left the province of Amasya to the administration of its former owner, Devâtdâr Ahmed Bey, with the title "Beylerbeyi of Amasya."
Prince Bâyezîd Bey, during the times he stayed in Amasya, had shown love and closeness to the scholars and sheikhs, to Mevlânâ Şeyh Şemseddîn Mü'eyyed Çelebi, famous as Ebû İshâk Kâzerûnî, and to his son-in-law Şeyh Yâr Alî Çelebi. They took these away with many persons from among the scholars and the children of leading families.
Among them were also Şâdgeldi, son of Devâtdâr Ahmed Bey, his brother Îsâ, son of Mustafa Bey, his paternal uncle's son Kutlu, and his brother-in-law and vizier Kaya Bey, son of Muhammed Çelebi.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- tehdîd-nâme: letter of threat
- dizdâr: fortress guardian, fortress commander
- vâkıf: person who founds a waqf
- kasîde: long poem, usually written in praise
- ibkâ: leaving in place, continuing
- a'yânzâde: child of a leading family of the city
- ma'iyyet: those who are with someone, retinue
When Yıldırım Bayezid Was in Amasya
Hüsameddin narrates that Yıldırım Bayezid came to Amasya in Shawwal 788 [1386] and left from here to go to Kosovo. The entry on Bayezid I in the TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi builds this picture differently. The entry writes that around 1381 Bayezid married the daughter of Germiyanoğlu Süleyman Çelebi and was appointed sanjak bey over the lands given as dowry, charged at Kütahya with watching the eastern borders of the Ottomans, and that in 1386 he joined his father's campaign against the Karamanoğlu and received the epithet Yıldırım for his courage in the Battle of Frenk Yazısı. The Battle of Kosovo, according to the same entry, took place on 15 June 1389. That is, the order Hüsameddin narrates as a movement from Amasya to Kosovo does not fully coincide with the timeline in the sources.
The same entry notes that the view of Bayezid as the "first governor of Amasya" arose from the fact that certain regions came under Ottoman administration during 1384-1388, in relations with Ahmed, emir of Amasya, and Çandarlı Süleyman Bey, who accepted Ottoman dominion against Kadı Burhâneddin; that is, the claim is mentioned as an opinion, not as a definite date. According to the same source the emir of Amasya surrendered the city to the Ottomans in 1392 and Bayezid entered Amasya the following year; the TDV's entry on Amasya places the city's incorporation into Ottoman lands in 1398. The Kemalpaşazade record and the Osmancık endowment deed on which Hüsameddin relies were discussed in the previous entry.
Eretnazâde Ca'fer Bey
Ca'fer Bey is the son of Alâeddin Eretna, founder of the Eretna Principality. According to the TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, after Eretna died in Kayseri in 1352, Cafer Bey was raised to the throne by the emirs and proclaimed sultan with the title İzzeddin; in 1355 he was defeated at the Battle of Yalnızgöz by his brother Mehmed Bey. The Karakaya endowment deed Hüsameddin relays is used to document that Ca'fer Bey was still alive and emir of Kayseri in 1386. Since the deed itself could not be seen, its content could not be verified.
Yâr Alî Çelebi and the Müeyyedzades
According to Hüsameddin's footnote, Yâr Alî Çelebi was a master scholar of verse to the point of being called "Yârî-i Şîrâzî," and is the forefather of the Mü'eyyedzades. The entry on Müeyyedzâde Abdurrahman Efendi in the TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi relays the information, citing Hüsameddin: Müeyyedzâde's great-grandfather Yâr Ali Çelebi became son-in-law to Mevlânâ Şeyh Şemseddin Müeyyed Çelebi, famous as Ebû İshak Kâzerûnî. The same entry writes that Abdurrahman Efendi was born in Amasya in 860 (January 1456) and that his father was Alâeddin Ali Çelebi, son of Şemseddin Müeyyed Çelebi, one of the Kâzerûniyye sheikhs belonging to the Divriklizades. Whether the qasida or poems Şeyh Yâr Alî Çelebi presented to the prince are found in other sources could not be verified.
Those the Prince Took Away
The text reports that Bayezid took scholars and the children of leading families from Amasya to Edirne together with a military unit, and that among them were Şâdgeldi, one of the sons of Ahmed Bey, and his brother Îsâ. Hüsameddin gives no information here about the later fate of these persons. No information on these names was found in other sources.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 3, p. 446–447. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies