Amasyalıdır. Alıc Beyzâdedir. Bağdat Muhârebesi’nde bir kolu sakat olduğundan “Çolak Hüseyin Paşa” demekle meşhûr oldu. 1050 senesi saferinin altıncı günü Amasya mutasarrıfı olup vusûlüne kadar Kuloğlu Mehmed Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu.
Bu esnada meşâhir-i fuzalâdan Merzifonî Kara Muhyiddîn Efendi, Gürcü [84] İmam Hasan Efendi, Kadızâde es-Seyyid İbrâhim Efendi, Molla Bahşîzâde Yahya Efendi ve meşâyih-i kirâmdan fâzıl-ı meşhûr eş-Şeyh Hüsâmeddîn Efendi, Şeyhzâde eş-Şeyh Hızır Efendi, Mevlevihâne şeyhi eş-Şeyh Ârif Mehmed Efendi Amasya’da neşr-i ulûm ve füyûzât etmekte idiler.
Rebîülevvelde şehir kethüdâsı Bâlî Bey’in azline binâen Bağdatlı Mahmûd Ağazâde Osmân Ağa şehir kethüdâsı oldu. Çünkü birâderi Mehmed Efendi Sultân Murâd’ın kerîmesi İsmihan Kaya Sultân kethüdâsı olarak “Mevkûfâtî” demekle meşhûr olmuşdu.⁶⁴³
Ramazânın yirmi dördünde Amasya a‘yânından Bağdatlı Mahmûd Ağa bâ-fermân-ı âlî Sultân Bâyezîd evkâfı mütevellisi ve Bâkî Paşazâde Habîb Ağa bin Şeyhî Mehmed Bey kethüdâyeri olup mütevelli-i sâbık Haseki Selim Ağa ma‘füvven İstanbul’a gitdi. Çaşnigîr başı oldu.
1051 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Kadı Ramazân Efendi’nin yerine Tokatlı Müctebâzâde Mehmed Efendi Amasya kadısı olup geldi. Recebde mutasarrıf Hüseyin Paşa’nın kethüdâsı İsmâil Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu.
Ramazânın Leyle-i Kadri’nde Evkâf-ı Sultâniyye mütevellisi Bağdatlı Mahmûd Ağa vefât eylediğinden dergâh-ı âlî kapıcıbaşılarından Köprülü Durak Ağazâde Ömer Ağa Sultân Bâyezîd evkâfı mütevellîsi oldu. [85]
Şevvâl evâilinde bir mâh mukaddem Sivas beylerbeyi olan meşhûr Türedî Kınalıoğlu Mahmûd Paşa İstanbul’da i’dâm edilip⁶⁴⁴ selefi Kör Hazinedâr İbrâhim Paşa yine Sivas beylerbeyi olup kaldı.
Zilka’dede başdefterdar Amasyalı İbrâhim Efendi vezâret umarken azliyle Kastamonu beylerbeyi olup gitdi. Bu sene nakîb-i meşhûr Amasya a‘yânından Seyyid Mansurzâde es-Seyyid Sâfî Mustafa Efendi dâr-ı naîme irtihâl etdi.
1052 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Kadı Mehmed Efendi’nin yerine Hayreddînzâde İbrâhim Efendi yine Amasya kadısı olup yirmi dokuzunda Sultân Bâyezîd Câmii hatîb ve imâm-ı evveli Kadızâde Abdurrahman Efendi vefât eylediğinden yerine Hâfız Ahmed Efendi hatîb ve imâm-ı evvel oldu.
Saferde Sadr-ı a’zam Kara Mustafa Paşa’nın düşman-ı bî-emânı olan Nasûh Paşazâde Hüseyin Paşa’ya Sivas eyaleti tevcîh edildiği halde taraf-ı sadâretten Vâlî İbrâhim Paşa’ya gelen fermân-ı âlîde Hüseyin Paşa’nın i’dâmı emredildiğinden Amasya Mutasarrıfı Hüseyin Paşa da vâliye yardım etmeye me’mûr olmuşdu.
Vâlî İbrâhim Paşa, şu kara emri infaza kıyâm edib Hüseyin Paşa ile birlikte Kayseriyye tarafına gitdi. Amasya Alaybeyi Gürcü Ali Bey de beraberdi. Nasûh Paşazâde Hüseyin Paşa ile muhârebe ederken Vâlî İbrâhim Paşa maktûl ve Amasya Mutasarrıfı Hüseyin Paşa da münhezim olduğundan [86] Sivas eyaleti Hoca Ahmed Paşa’ya ve Amasya sancağı da sâbık Çıldır Beylerbeyi Murtezâ Paşa’ya tevcîh edildi.
In Modern English
He was a native of Amasya. He was of the Alıç Beyzâdes. Because one arm was left disabled in the Baghdad War he became known as "Çolak Hüseyin Pasha" (Hüseyin Pasha the Lame-armed). On the sixth day of Safer 1050 [1640] he became mutasarrıf (governor administering the sanjak) of Amasya; until his arrival Kuloğlu Mehmed Ağa became mütesellim (the mutasarrıf's deputy) of Amasya.
At this time, among the famous scholars Kara Muhyiddîn Efendi of Merzifon, İmam Hasan Efendi the Georgian, Seyyid İbrâhim Efendi son of Kadı, Yahyâ Efendi son of Molla Bahşî, and among the respected sheikhs the well-known scholar Şeyh Hüsâmeddîn Efendi, Şeyh Hızır Efendi son of Sheikh, and the Mevlevi lodge sheikh Şeyh Ârif Mehmed Efendi were spreading learning and spiritual grace in Amasya.
In the month of Rebîülevvel, since the city kethüdâ Bâlî Bey was dismissed, Osmân Ağa son of Mahmûd Ağa of Baghdad became city kethüdâ. For his brother Mehmed Efendi had become known as "Mevkûfâtî" as kethüdâ of İsmihan Kaya Sultan, daughter of Sultan Murâd.
On the twenty-fourth of Ramazan, Mahmûd Ağa of Baghdad, one of the notables of Amasya, became mütevelli of the Sultan Bâyezîd waqfs by imperial decree; Habîb Ağa son of Şeyhî Mehmed Bey, son of Bâkî Pasha, also became kethüdâyeri (the local kethüda of the sipahis). The former mütevelli Haseki Selim Ağa, pardoned, went to Istanbul and became çaşnigîrbaşı (chief of the sultan's table officers).
On the first day of Muharrem 1051 [1641], in place of Kadı Ramazân Efendi, Mehmed Efendi son of Müctebâ of Tokat came as kadı of Amasya. In the month of Recep, İsmâil Ağa, kethüdâ of the mutasarrıf Hüseyin Pasha, became mütesellim of Amasya.
On the Night of Power (Kadir Gecesi) of the month of Ramazan, since Mahmûd Ağa of Baghdad, mütevelli of the sultanic waqfs, died, Ömer Ağa son of Köprülü Durak Ağa, one of the kapıcıbaşıs of the Exalted Court, became mütevelli of the Sultan Bâyezîd waqfs.
At the beginning of Şevval, Kınalıoğlu Mahmûd Paşa, the famous "türedi" (upstart; a former rebel taken into state service), who had been made beylerbeyi of Sivas a month before, was executed in Istanbul; the beylerbeyi before him, Kör Hazinedâr İbrâhim Pasha, remained beylerbeyi of Sivas again.
In the month of Zilkade the chief defterdar İbrâhim Efendi of Amasya, hoping for a vizierate, was dismissed and went as beylerbeyi of Kastamonu. This year, among the notables of Amasya, the famous nakîb (representative of the seyyids) Seyyid Mansurzâde Seyyid Sâfî Mustafa Efendi died.
On the first day of Muharrem 1052 [1642], in place of Kadı Mehmed Efendi, Hayreddînzâde İbrâhim Efendi again became kadı of Amasya. On the twenty-ninth of the month, since Abdurrahman Efendi son of Kadı, preacher and first imam of the Sultan Bâyezîd Mosque, died, Hâfız Ahmed Efendi became preacher and first imam in his place.
In the month of Safer, although the province of Sivas had been given to Nasûh Paşazâde Hüseyin Pasha, the implacable enemy of Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha, since in the decree sent by the grand vizier to Governor İbrâhim Pasha the execution of Hüseyin Pasha was ordered, Mutasarrıf Hüseyin Pasha of Amasya had also been assigned to help the governor.
Governor İbrâhim Pasha, to carry out this black order, set out and went toward Kayseri with Hüseyin Pasha. The Alaybeyi of Amasya Ali Bey the Georgian was with them. While fighting Nasûh Paşazâde Hüseyin Pasha, Governor İbrâhim Pasha was killed and Mutasarrıf Hüseyin Pasha of Amasya was also defeated. Thereupon the province of Sivas was given to Hoca Ahmed Pasha and the sanjak of Amasya to Murtezâ Pasha, former Beylerbeyi of Çıldır.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- mutasarrıf: the governor who governs the sanjak, sanjak bey
- mütesellim: the deputy who governs the sanjak in the mutasarrıf's name when he arrives or is absent
- vusûl: arrival, coming
- meşâhir-i fuzalâ: famous scholars
- neşr-i ulûm ve füyûzât: spreading learning and spiritual knowledge
- kerîme: daughter
- mütevelli: official who administers a waqf
- kethüdâyeri: the kethüda of the timar-holding sipahis in the sanjak, local representative of the sipahis
- ma'füvven: having been pardoned
- çaşnigîrbaşı: head of the officials in charge of the palace table
- türedi: an upstart, a person taken from banditry into state service
- dâr-ı naîme irtihâl: dying
- düşman-ı bî-emân: implacable enemy
- infaz: carrying out an order
- maktûl / münhezim: killed / defeated, routed
- tevcîh: giving an office or revenue to someone
Who Çolak Hüseyin Pasha Was
In the section of the Amasya Tarihi devoted to biographies of the emirs, Hüsameddin tells this pasha's life more broadly. According to the information he gives there, Hüseyin Pasha was of the line of the Amasya emir Şâdgeldi Pasha, a son of Ulûc Bey son of Burak Bey, one of the notables of the Helkıs Neighborhood. Rising as a zeamet-holding sipahi in the Persian and Iraqi wars, he became alaybeyi of Amasya in 1040 and guardian of Erzurum Fortress in 1042, and the sanjak of Amasya was given to him on condition of guarding the fortress. Then came the sanjak governorship of Bayezid and, in 1044, a second governorship of Amasya. According to Hüsameddin, since this appointment led to the dismissal of Köprülü Mehmed Bey, Bey of Amasya, the two fell out. He drew Murad IV's attention when the sultan came to Erzurum in 1045 and became beylerbeyi of Kars and then of Tripoli of Syria and Şehrizor; when his left arm was disabled in the Baghdad War he received the nickname "Çolak." The appointment of 1050 is his third governorship of Amasya. After the defeat at Kayseri he was dismissed, the village of Saluzcu was given to him as a has, and he lived in Amasya.
The continuation of the same biography also tells the pasha's end. Hüseyin Pasha became mutasarrıf of Amasya for the fourth time in 1056 and the fifth in 1058, and was assigned, together with Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, Beylerbeyi of Konya, against the rebel Governor of Sivas Varvar Ali Pasha. In the battle in the Çankırı-Çerkeş region both were defeated and taken captive, and they were saved by the arrival of İpşir Pasha. According to Hüsameddin, Köprülü convinced İpşir Pasha that Hüseyin Pasha had knowingly not helped, and Hüseyin Pasha was executed in 1058 together with his kethüda and men. This event appears in other sources too: in the encyclopedia entry on Varvar Ali Pasha it is written that in a battle of one hour at the foot of Kurşumlıdağı in the Çankırı region, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, the pashas "Kör Hüseyin of Amasya" and Kara Sefer, Bey of Divriği, and Hacı Efendizâde of Amasya were defeated and captured. The kethüda of the pasha Hüsameddin describes is also "Hacı Efendizâde Sarı Mehmed Ağa." The difference between "Kör" (blind) and "Çolak" (lame-armed) in the nickname is a disagreement among the sources; the coincidence of names, place and persons beside him suggests that the same person is meant.
The Revolt of Nasuhpaşazâde Hüseyin Pasha
The event in the last two paragraphs of the text is one of the noisiest provincial revolts of the first years of Sultan Ibrahim. Hüseyin Pasha, son of Grand Vizier Nasuh Pasha, had served as beylerbeyi of Buda and Erzurum and had broken away from obedience by opposing Grand Vizier Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha's taking from the frontier beylerbeyis the authority to affix the tuğra. Appointed to Aleppo, he did not leave Erzurum, and then the province of Sivas was given to him. It is known that he defeated the forces of the beylerbeyi of Sivas sent against him, then marched on Istanbul and came as far as Üsküdar, fled to the Rumeli side on receiving the sultan's decree, was captured near Rusçuk and killed in 1643. The battle in the Kayseri region, in which Hüsameddin relates that Governor İbrâhim Pasha was killed, is the first great clash in Anatolia of this march.
The Name and End of Kınalıoğlu
In his footnote Hüsameddin says that Naîmâ mentions this "türedi" only by his nickname, and that he learned from Müneccimbaşı's Câmiu'd-Düvel that his name was Mahmud. A local study on Kınalıoğlu, however, introduces him as a sipahi named Mustafa from the village of Navlu (today Harmanlı) in Yeşilova, Burdur. According to this study Kınalıoğlu rebelled in the regions of Hamid, Denizli and Aydın in the times of Murad III and Ahmed I, was appeased with the sanjak governorship of Afyon in 1603, was pardoned in the time of Murad IV by taking refuge with Silahdar Mustafa Pasha, and became beylerbeyi of Maraş in 1638. In the end he was lured to Istanbul on the pretext of being given a post concerning Sivas, was captured and executed, and his body was hung in a butcher's shop in the Hagia Sophia market. Hüsameddin's record "had been made beylerbeyi of Sivas a month before" coincides with this trick. On the name, the difference between Mahmud and Mustafa has not been resolved.
Other Names in the Text
Kaya Sultan is the daughter of Murad IV; born between 1630 and 1633, she was married in 1644 to Melek Ahmed Pasha and died in 1658. As he notes in his footnote, Hüsameddin took the information on Mevkûfâtî Mehmed Efendi, whom he mentions in 1050 as her kethüda, from the waqf deed, the accounting register and the Amasya registers. The Mevlevi lodge sheikh Ârif Mehmed Efendi is the Mehmed Ârif Dede known as the first sheikh in this new building of the Mevlevi lodge that Bayram Pasha had built in Amasya in 1637; his grave was inside the Mevlevi lodge. The name of the mütesellim Kuloğlu Mehmed Ağa, according to the finding of Christopher Whitehead, who studied Köprülü Mehmed Pasha's early years through archival documents, appears in Amasya's sharia court registers that have survived to the present as one of the leading persons of the city. No information was found in other sources on Kara Muhyiddîn Efendi of Merzifon.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 4, p. 566–566. amasya.bel.tr
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, vols. 9-12, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, entry "Hüseyin Paşa-Çolak," e-book p. 25. https://amasya.bel.tr/uploads/e-kitap/kitap/9-12/files/basic-html/page25.html
Academic studies
Books
- Abdulhalim Durma, "Amasya'da Mevlevilik", Semazen.
Other sources