Amasyalıdır. Amasya’da medfûn ve türbesi ziyâretgâh olan İğnecizâde eş-Şeyh Safiyyüddîn Halvetî ahfâdından Mehmed Efendi’nin küçük mahdûmudur. Büyük biraderi Hâce-i Sultânî Ömer Efendi’dir. 1048 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Amasya mutasarrıfı oldu.
Safer gurresinde Kadı Ramazân Efendi’nin yerine mevâlîden Amasyalı [81] Hayreddînzâde İbrâhim Efendi Amasya kadısı ve Kuloğlu Mehmed Ağa kethüdâyeri oldu. Hoca Paşazâde Mustafa Bey Amasya alaybeyi ve mütesellimi olup pederi Bağdat Harbi’ne me’mûren gitdi.
Rebîülâhirin altıncı günü Urfa civarında Calâb menziline vusûlünde Sadr-ı a’zam Bayram Paşa vefât etdiğinden sadr-ı müşârün-ileyhin tavsiyesi ve rûznâmeci İbrâhim Efendi’nin tensibiyle Musul muhâfızı Lâdikli Vezîr Tayyar Mehmed Paşa sadrâzam oldu. Bayram Paşa’nın cesedi İstanbul’a gönderilip tekkesi kurbundaki türbesine defnedildi.
Tayyar Mehmed Paşa’nın sadâretinde kethüdâsı Amasyalı Bâkî Paşazâde Rıdvan Ağa kethüdâ-yı sadr-ı âlî ve meşâhir-i şuarâ ve Dîvân-ı Hümâyûn küttâbından Amasyalı Sıdkı Mustafa Efendi reîsü’l-küttâb olup, cumâdelûlânın üçüncü günü reîs sâbık Amasyalı Hacı Nebîzâde Hüseyin Efendi mukâbeleci oldu.
Şa’bân evâilinde Bağdat Muhârebesi’nde Sivas Beylerbeyi Kör Hazinedâr İbrâhim Paşa, Amasya Mutasarrıfı Hoca Ahmed Paşa, Bozok Beyi Amasyalı Şemsi Paşazâde Ali ve Çorum Beyi Köprülü Mehmed Beyler mecrûh ve müteâkiben Sadr-ı a’zam Tayyar Mehmed Paşa şehîd olup Kemankeş Arnavut Kara Mustafa Paşa sadrâzam oldu.
Zilka’dede Mutasarrıf Ahmed Paşa yaralı olarak avdet etdi. Muhârebeden dolayı etraf-ı livâda eşkıyâ türemişdi. Amasya mütesellimi ve alaybeyi Mustafa Bey eşkıyâ tâkibine gidip Kuloğlu Mehmed Ağa mütesellim vekili oldu. [82]
Hızır Paşa Mütevellisi Keyvanzâde Hızır Bey Bağdat Harbi’nde şehîd olduğundan Mehmed Paşa mütevellileri Seydî Beyzâde Kurd Mehmed ve Abdullah beyler Hızır Paşa tevliyetini de elde etmişlerdi. Hızır Bey’in biraderzâdesi Kurd Mustafa Bey bin Ali Bey harbden gelip Hızır Paşa tevliyetini aldı.
Zilhiccede Amasyalı Sa‘dî Çelebi’nin âzâd edilmiş kölesi olan ser-mîmâr-ı hâssa Yanyalı Kâsım Ağa Amasya’nın Gelgiras nâhiyesinde Kalburcu Karye’sini bâ-temlik-i sultânî vakfedip hasılatından Amasya’da Sultân Bâyezîd Câmiinde dersiye vaz’ıyla ilk defa fuzalâ-yı meşâyihden Hüsâmeddîn Hüseyin Efendi’yi ders-i âm tâyin ve yevmî yirmi akçe vazife tahsis eyledi.⁶⁴¹
Bu sene Dîvân-ı Hümâyûn kâtiplerinden Amasyalı Kasım Efendi, Bağdat Seferi esnasında Habur Nehri’nden geçerken düşüp boğuldu.⁶⁴²Ze’âmeti mahdûmu Hasan Çelebi’ye verildi.
1049 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Kadı İbrâhim Efendi’nin yerine mevâlîden Amasyalı Hasan Efendi üçüncü defa Amasya kadısı ve onuncu günü müftü Yahya Efendi’nin de azline binâen selefi Dursunzâde Mustafa Efendi Amasya müftüsü oldu. Şıkk-ı sânî defterdârı Amasyalı Hacı Efendizâde İbrâhim Efendi bu esnada İstanbul’da başdefterdâr oldu. [83]
Rebîülevvelde Yörgüç Paşa Mütevellîsi Hasan Beyzâde Mehmed Bey’in ahvâl ve harekâtı vakfa ve mürtezikaya gadri mûceb görüldüğünden azliyle Hakalâcı Mustafa Beyzâde Mehmed Bey Yörgüç Paşa evkâfına mütevellî oldu.
Şevvâlin on altıncı günü Dördüncü Sultân Murâd’ın vefâtına binâen birâderi meşhûr Deli Sultân İbrâhim Hân Osmanlı tahtına oturdu. Zilka’dede defterdâr-ı esbak Amasyalı Şengelzâde Hüseyin Efendi İstanbul’da vefât edib emvâl ü emlâkine mahdûmu Ahmed Efendi ve sâir evlâdı vâris olabildi.
Sultân Murâd’ın gözdelerinden olan Haseki Selim Ağa Bostancı Ocağından azl u ihraç olunup zilhiccenin on beşinde Amasya’da Sultân Bâyezîd evkâfı mütevellîsi olarak geldi.
1050 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Kadı Hasan Efendi’nin müddet-i örfiyyesi bitdiğinden yerine Himmetzâde el-Hâc Ramazân Efendi Amasya kadısı oldu. Saferde Hoca Ahmed Paşa’nın azline binâen Amasya sancağı Şehr-i Zor Beylerbeyi Hüseyin Paşa’ya tevcîh edildi.
In Modern English
He was a native of Amasya. He was the younger son of Mehmed Efendi, grandson of İğnecizâde Şeyh Safiyyüddîn Halvetî, who is buried in Amasya and whose tomb is visited. His elder brother is the sultan's tutor (Hâce-i Sultânî) Ömer Efendi. At the beginning of Muharrem 1048 [1638–39] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya.
At the beginning of Safer, in place of Kadı Ramazan Efendi, Hayreddînzâde İbrahim Efendi of Amasya, one of the mevâlî (members of the ilmiye), became kadı of Amasya, and Kuloğlu Mehmed Ağa became kethüdâyeri. Mustafa Bey son of Hoca Paşa became alaybeyi and mütesellim (deputy) of Amasya; his father went off assigned to the Baghdad War.
On the sixth day of Rebîülâhir, when the army reached the Calâb station near Urfa, Grand Vizier Bayram Pasha died. On his recommendation and with the approval of the rûznâmeci İbrahim Efendi, Vizier Tayyar Mehmed Pasha of Lâdik, the guardian of Mosul, became grand vizier. Bayram Pasha's body was sent to Istanbul and buried in his tomb near his tekke.
In Tayyar Mehmed Pasha's grand vizierate, his kethüda Rıdvan Ağa son of Bâkî Pasha, a native of Amasya, became sadaret kethüdası, and Sıdkı Mustafa Efendi of Amasya, one of the well-known poets and a clerk of the Imperial Divan, became reîsülküttâp. On the third day of Cemâziyelevvel the former reis Hüseyin Efendi son of Hacı Nebî of Amasya became mukabeleci.
At the beginning of Şaban, in the Battle of Baghdad, İbrahim Pasha "Kör Hazinedar" (the Blind Treasurer), Beylerbeyi of Sivas, Hoca Ahmed Pasha, Mutasarrıf of Amasya, Ali son of Şemsi Pasha of Amasya, Bey of Bozok, and Köprülü Mehmed Bey, Bey of Çorum, were wounded. Then Grand Vizier Tayyar Mehmed Pasha was martyred and Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha the Albanian became grand vizier.
In the month of Zilkade Mutasarrıf Ahmed Pasha returned wounded. Because of the war bandits had sprung up around the sanjak. When the mütesellim and alaybeyi of Amasya Mustafa Bey went to pursue the bandits, Kuloğlu Mehmed Ağa became deputy mütesellim.
When Hızır Bey son of Keyvân, mütevelli of the Hızır Pasha Waqf, was martyred in the Battle of Baghdad, the beys Kurd Mehmed and Abdullah sons of Seydî, mütevellis of the Mehmed Pasha Waqf, had seized the Hızır Pasha trusteeship too. Kurd Mustafa Bey son of Ali Bey, son of Hızır Bey's brother, came from the war and took the Hızır Pasha trusteeship.
In the month of Zilhicce, Kâsım Ağa of Yanya, chief architect of the court (hassa başmimarı) and freed slave of Sa'dî Çelebi of Amasya, endowed the village of Kalburcu in the nahiye of Gelgiras in Amasya, which the sultan had conveyed to him as property. From its revenue he established a lecture waqf for lessons to be given at the Sultan Bayezid Mosque in Amasya; for the first time he appointed Hüsâmeddîn Hüseyin Efendi, one of the meritorious sheikhs, as public lecturer (ders-i âm) and fixed a salary of twenty akçe a day.
This year Kasım Efendi of Amasya, one of the clerks of the Imperial Divan, fell and drowned while crossing the Habur River during the Baghdad Campaign. His zeamet was given to his son Hasan Çelebi.
At the beginning of Muharrem 1049 [1639–40], in place of Kadı İbrahim Efendi, Hasan Efendi of Amasya, one of the ilmiye, became kadı of Amasya for the third time. On the tenth day, when Mufti Yahya Efendi was dismissed, his predecessor Dursunzâde Mustafa Efendi became mufti of Amasya. Hacı Efendizâde İbrahim Efendi of Amasya, the second-seat defterdar, also became chief defterdar in Istanbul at this time.
In the month of Rebîülevvel, since the condition and conduct of Mehmed Bey son of Hasan Bey, mütevelli of the Yörgüç Pasha Waqf, were seen as harmful to the waqf and to those receiving shares from the waqf, he was dismissed and in his place Mehmed Bey son of Mustafa Bey the Hakalâcı became mütevelli of the Yörgüç Pasha waqfs.
On the sixteenth day of Şevval, upon the death of Murad the Fourth, his brother, the famous Ibrahim the Mad, sat on the Ottoman throne. In the month of Zilkade the former defterdar Hüseyin Efendi son of Şengel of Amasya died in Istanbul, and his son Ahmed Efendi and his other children were able to inherit his goods and property.
Haseki Selim Ağa, one of Sultan Murad's favorites, was dismissed from the Bostancı Corps and removed, and on the fifteenth of Zilhicce came to Amasya as mütevelli of the Sultan Bayezid waqfs.
At the beginning of Muharrem 1050 [1640–41], since Kadı Hasan Efendi's customary term of office had ended, Hacı Ramazan Efendi son of Himmet became kadı of Amasya in his place. In the month of Safer, upon the dismissal of Hoca Ahmed Pasha, the sanjak of Amasya was given to Hüseyin Pasha, Beylerbeyi of Şehrizor.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- mutasarrıf: the official responsible for the governance of the sanjak
- alaybeyi: commander of the mounted soldiers (sipahis) in the sanjak
- mevâlî: the upper rank of the ilmiye class, scholars who rise to the great kadılık and müderrislik posts
- rûznâmeci: the official in the defterdar's office who kept the daily account book
- reîsülküttâp, mukabeleci: head of the divan secretaries; the clerk who compared records in the divan
- mecrûh: wounded; şehîd: killed in war
- eşkıyâ: highwaymen, bands that harm the people
- temlik: giving a property to a person as his own
- dersiye: revenue set aside for one who gives lessons; ders-i âm: the post of lecturer in public lessons
- âzâd edilmiş: a slave who has been given his freedom
- ser-mîmâr-ı hâssa: head of the palace architects
- zeâmet: large landed grant; defterdâr: the senior official at the head of financial affairs
- müddet-i örfiyye: the fixed term of a kadı's office
The Death of Bayram Pasha and Tayyar Mehmed Pasha
The text relates the side of Murad IV's Baghdad campaign that was reflected in Amasya. The sultan set out from Istanbul on 8 May 1638, and Bayram Pasha joined him at the İnönü station on 28 May. Bayram Pasha died suddenly at the place called Cüllâb near Urfa. Hüsameddin writes the day of death as the sixth of Rebîülâhir; the encyclopedia entry notes that the date differs in the sources and, relying on the Bağdat Seferi Menzilnâmesi, gives 16 Rebîülâhir 1048 (27 August 1638). His body was taken to Istanbul and buried in his tomb in the Haseki district; this is the place Hüsameddin calls "the tomb near his tekke."
Tayyar Mehmed Pasha, who succeeded him, also came from Ladik, attached to the sanjak of Amasya. His father is Uçar Mustafa Pasha, who was killed in 1625 while governor of Baghdad. During the guardianship of Mosul he became grand vizier on 26–27 August 1638 on the recommendation of the rûznâmeci İbrahim Efendi. The siege of Baghdad began on 15–16 November; in the general assault on 23–24 December Tayyar Mehmed Pasha took the lead of the serdengeçtis (volunteer shock troops) and captured some of the fortress's bastions, and was killed in the battle. On the fortieth day of the siege the Safavid fortress commander surrendered, and the Ottoman army entered Baghdad on 25 December 1638. It is reported that Murad IV grieved greatly over his death and said "Ah Tayyâr, you were worth a hundred fortresses like the fortress of Baghdad." Hüsameddin places this event at the beginning of Şaban; in the sources the general assault is given as 23–24 December 1638.
The Administrators of Amasya and Köprülü Mehmed Bey
The interesting side of the text is the abundance of natives of Amasya around the grand vizierate: Bayram Pasha came from Ladik, Tayyar Mehmed Pasha from Ladik, the sadaret kethüdası Rıdvan Ağa son of Bâkî Pasha, the reîsülküttâp Sıdkı Mustafa Efendi and the mukabeleci Hacı Nebîzâde Hüseyin Efendi from Amasya. Hüsameddin particularly stresses these persons' tie to the city. No information was found in other sources on them.
The Bey of Çorum Köprülü Mehmed Bey, named among the wounded in the battle, is, according to the encyclopedia entry, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, who took part in the Baghdad campaign as sanjak bey of Çorum; this person later became grand vizier (1656). The entry does not say he was wounded. The information Hüsameddin gives on the wounding of "Kör Hazinedar İbrahim Pasha" and "Hoca Ahmed Pasha" could not be confirmed in other sources.
Kâsım Ağa's Waqf and Lecture Service
That the sultan's chief court architect Kâsım Ağa of Yanya endowed the village of Kalburcu and set up a lecture waqf at the Sultan Bayezid Mosque is an example showing that the scholarly life of Amasya stood on waqfs. In a footnote Hüsameddin notes that he saw this information in the first accounting register of the administration that managed waqf deeds. No information was found in another source on this waqf. The drowning of Kasım Efendi of Amasya in the Habur River, according to Hüsameddin, is found in Şeyhî Efendi's Zeyl-i Şakâyık.
The Death of Murad IV
The change of throne in the closing lines of the text is the accession of Ibrahim the Mad the next day in place of Murad IV, who died on 15 Şevval 1049 (8 February 1640). The sixteenth day of Şevval that Hüsameddin gives agrees with the date of death in the encyclopedia. According to the encyclopedia the sultan's disease, the "drop" (damla hastalığı), began on the Revan campaign and worsened on the Baghdad campaign.
The trusteeship of the Sultan Bayezid waqfs changes hands continually in this period: Hoca Ahmed Pasha, Mustafa Pasha, Gazzâz Ahmed Ağa, then Haseki Selim Ağa. That Haseki Selim Ağa was removed from the Bostancı Corps and sent to Amasya as mütevelli suggests that this office was regarded as a place given to persons removed from the palace; this interpretation is not Hüsameddin's but our inference.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 4, p. 564–565. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
Other sources