AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · DÖRDÜNCÜ DEVRE-İ TÂRİHİYYE

Hüseyin Pasha (Kadızâde)

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 4, p. 613–615 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Hicabi GÜLGEN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. Amasya alaybeyi olan Kadızâde Hasan Bey’in mahdûmudur. 1100 senesi şa’bânının altıncı günü Amasya sancağı mutasarrıfı olub Anadolu teftişine me’mûr olduğundan Hasan Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu.

Bu esnâda Merzifon Voyvodası Mehmed Ağa üçyüz nefer piyâde ve beşyüz nefer süvâri nefîr-i âmm askeriyle Rumeli Harbi’ne gidip Kara Hasanzâde Mustafa Bey Amasya alaybeyi oldu.

Ramazân-ı Şerîf evâilinde tâunun def‘i için bütün ulema ve huffâz cem‘ edilerek Kur’ân-ı Kerîm ve Sünen-i Buhârî ve Müslim kıraat edilip hatimler indirildi. Amasya’nın her tarafı tathîr ve hatm-i şerîf okunarak devr edildi.

Ramazân evâhirinde tâun mündefi‘ olup Kastamonu beylerbeyi ve sâdât başbuğu Mumcuzâde Seyyid Ahmed Paşa’nın irtikâbâtı sâbit olduğundan başı kesilip yerine Emîr Paşazâde es-Seyyid Lutfullah Paşa Kastamonu beylerbeyi ve sâdât başbuğu oldu.

Şevvâlin gurresinde Ebezâde Hüseyin Efendi Amasya kadısı olup geldi. Zilka’de evâilinde Alaybeyi Zor Mustafa Bey’e Kırşehir sancağı verilip yerine Deli Emîr Paşazâde es-Seyyid Mustafa Bey Amasya alaybeyi oldu. [211]

Bu sene kudât u mevâlîden el-Hâc Dâniş Mehmed, el-Hâc Zühdü Mehmed Efendilerle a‘yândan sâbık Tokat voyvodası ve Amasya beytü’l-mâl emîni Topçuzâde el-Hâc Mehmed Ağa, Hızır ve Mehmed paşalar evkâfı mütevellîsi Hayreddînzâde Ahmed Çelebi, Sultân Bâyezîd Câmii sermüezzini Bülbül Hâfız Ahmed Efendi vefât etdi.

Ahmed Çelebi mahdûmu Ali Bey Hızır ve Mehmed paşalar evkâfına mütevellî olup müezzin-i sânî İnce Ali Efendi müezzin başı ve meşhûr Yeniceli Hâfız Mehmed Efendi müezzin oldu. Bu esnâda Sultân Bâyezîd Câmii Şerîfi’nin imâm-ı evveli Hocazâde el-Hâc Halil Efendi bin Abdüllâtif Efendi de meşâhir-i huffâz ve sulehâdan idi.

1101 senesi muharreminin yirmi birinde Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Paşa sadrâzam ve kapı kethüdâsı Çiğzâde Mehmed Ağa kethüdâ-yı sadr-ı âlî oldu. Safer evâilinde nakîb es-seyyid Mustafa Efendi’nin azliyle es-Seyyid Osmân Ağa nakîbü’l-eşrâf kâ’im-makâmı ve birkaç gün sonra vefât eden Şehir Kethüdâsı Mehmed Ağa’nın yerine Hacı Mansûrzâde el-Hâc Abdulkâdir Ağa bin el-Hâc Ali Ağa şehir kethüdâsı oldu.

Rebîülevvelde Amasya Serdârı Mustafa Ağa’nın ref‘inde İsmâîl Ağa yeniçeri serdârı oldu. Mutasarrıf Hüseyin Paşa, isyân eden Kayseriyye mutasarrıfı Polat Mehmed Paşa’yı te’dîbe me’mûren Halîl Ağa’sıyla beraber gitdiğinden a‘yândan Nasûhzâde Nasûh Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu.

Receb gurresinde Kadı Hüseyin Efendi İstanbul’a gidip yerine Müftü [212] zâde Ömer Efendi, Amasya nâibi oldu. Ramazân evâilinde sâdât ile yeniçeriler arasında hâsıl olan bir hâdise üzerine Serdâr İsmâil Ağa’nın ref‘iyle Apardı İbrâhim Ağa yeniçeri serdârı ve şevvâl evâilinde nakîb es-seyyid Osmân Ağa’nın da azliyle Emîr Ağazâde es-Seyyid Halîl Ağa nakîbü’l-eşrâf kâ’im-makâmı ve Amasyalı Abdulcelîlzâde Hasan Paşa Musul beylerbeyi oldu.

Zilka’de evâsıtında Müftü Şeyh Yakûbzâde Mustafa Efendi’nin uhdesinde bulunan Sultâniyye müderrisliği alınıp sâdât-ı ulemâdan es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi’ye verildiğine müteessir olduğundan zilhicce evâilinde Amasya fetvâsından istifâ ederek İstanbul’a gitdi. Yerine Hâfız es-Seyyid Ali Efendi Amasya müftüsü oldu.

Çünkü türediler ortadan kaldırılmış ise de bunların bıraktıkları taraftarlık, halk arasında birbirine karşı dargınlık, a‘yân arasında geçimsizlik pek artmışdı ufak bir hâdise, büyük bir fitneye sebeb oluyordu.

Bunu nazar-ı dikkate alan Sadr-ı a’zam Fâzıl Mustafa Paşa, a‘yân ve müteneffizânın tagallüb ve istibdâdına meydân vermemek, kadılarla nâiblerin hükümlerini, muhâkemelerini murâkabe ederek sû-i istimâle mâni‘ olmak a‘yân ve halk arasında te’lîf-i kulûb etmek mülâhazasıyla Dîvân-ı Hümâyûn’un bir nâzırı olarak her beldede bir meclis-i a‘yân açtı.

Zilhicce de buna dâir olan fermân-ı âlî gelip merâsimle okundu. Bunun üzerine halk arasında nüfûz ve servetiyle temâyüz eden vücûh-ı [213] memleket, Mütesellim Nasûh Ağa’nın konağında toplanıp dokuz zât a‘yân ve bir baş a‘yân intihâb ve bir de esnâf şeyhi tâyin edildi.

1102 senesi gurre-i muharreminden i‘tibâren Meclis-i A‘yân açıldı. İlk Meclis-i A‘yân reisi Hacı Madenzâde el-Hâc Ahmed Ağa ve ilk esnaf şeyhi Hoca Sultân Tekkesi Şeyhi el-Hâc İbrâhim Efendi ve ilk sâ‘î-başı, ya’nî a‘yân ve esnâf-ı kâtibîde hutût-ı mütenevvi’ada mahâreti müsellem olan Kâtib Ali Efendi oldu.

Müteâkiben sâbık Tokat Kadısı Murtezâ Efendi Amasya kadısı ve tarafından Müftüzâde Ömer Efendi yine Amasya nâibi oldu. Safer evâilinde Müftü Hâfız es-Seyyid Alî Efendi’nin fetvasına ulemâ tarafından i‘tirâz edildiğinden azliyle Sultâniyye Müderrisi es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi Amasya müftüsü oldu.

Safer ortalarında nakîb es-seyyid Halîl Ağa seyyidlerin şikâyetleriyle azl edilip yerine selefi es-Seyyid Osmân Ağa nakîbü’l-eşrâf kâ’im-makâmı ve bu esnada Van Vâlisi Erzurumlu Deli Ömer Paşa Sivas vâlisi oldu.

Şa’bânda Kethüdâ-yı Sadr-ı Âlî Çiğzâde Mehmed Ağa yeniçeri ağası olduğundan defter emîni olan Köprülü Dedezâde Mustafa Efendi kethüdâ-yı sadr-ı âlî oldu. Ba‘dehû Sadr-ı a’zam Fâzıl Mustafa Paşa serdâr-ı ekrem olup harbe gitdi.

Şevvâlin on beşinci günü İkinci Sultân Süleyman’ın vefâtına binâen kardaşı İkinci Sultân Ahmed Hân Osmanlı tahtına culûs etdi. [214]

Bu esnada Sofya Sahrâsı’nda bulunan Fâzıl Mustafa Paşa sadâret ve serdârlıkta ibkâ edildi.

Zilhicce evâilinde Sadr-ı a’zam Fâzıl Mustafa Paşa Ciğerdelen Muhârebesi’nde şehîd olduğunu bükâ’ ederek i‘lân edildiğinden dolayı Kethüdâ-yı Sadr-ı Âlî Köprülü Mustafa Efendi ve Sipâhîler Ağası Merzifonî Dayı Ömer Ağa azl u habs edildi.

1102 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Hacı Efendizâde İbrâhim Efendi Amasya kadısı ve Kaya Alî Ağa kethüdâyeri ve Amasya mütesellimi ve a‘yân-ı meşhûreden Şa’bânzâde Şa’bân Ağa Sivas vilâyeti ve Amasya sancağı cizye muhassılı ve müftüzâde el-Hâc Feyzullah Efendi bin İsmâil Efendi baş a‘yân oldu.

Muharremin onuncu günü bîçâre Kethüdâ-yı Sadâret Köprülü Mustafa Efendi ile Dayı Ömer Ağa i’dâm edilerek emvâl ü emlâkı müsadere edildi. On yedisinde çavuşândan Amasyalı Mehmed Ağa evkâf-ı Sultâniyye mütevellîsi olup geldi.

Saferde şehir kethüdâsı el-Hâc Abdulkâdir Ağa’nın azliyle yerine Yeğen es-Seyyid Hasan Ağa bin Hüseyin Ağa şehir kethüdâsı oldu, Yeğen es-Seyyid Hasan Ağa, Deli Emîr Paşa’nın hemşirezâdesi olduğundan “Yeğen Hasan Ağa” demekle meşhûr oldu.

Rebîülevvelde Müftü es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi fetvadan azl edilip nakîb es-Seyyid Osmân Ağa’nın akrabasından olan es-Seyyid Ali Efendi yine Amasya müftüsü ve cumâdelûlâda Tokatlı Genç Mehmed Ağa Sivas [215] beylerbeyi olup receb evâilinde Diyarbakır Vâlisi Merzifonlu el-Hâc Ali Paşa sadrâzam ve kethüdâlığında bulunan Merzifonlu Burnaz Mehmed Ağa kethüdâ-yı âlî oldu.

Şevvâlinde Halep muhassılı olan Amasyalı Hacı Efendizâde Ahmed Ağa vezâretle Bağdat vâlisi ve Merzifon’da menfiyyen mukîm olan sâbık kul kethüdâsı Fâizeli es-Seyyid Şa’bân Ağa bâ rütbe-i mîrimirân-ı Karahisar-ı Şarkî mutasarrıfı oldu.

Zilka’denin sekizinde Hâcegân-ı Divân-ı Hümâyûn’dan Amasyalı Mehmed Efendi evkâf-ı sultânîyye mütevellîsi olarak İstanbul’dan geldi. Ba‘dehû Kuloğlu Halil Ağa’nın ref‘inden Amasyalı Ali Ağa kethüdâyeri oldu. Bu esnada baş a‘yân el-Hâc Feyzullah Efendi vefât edib el-Hâc Abdülbâkî Efendi baş a‘yân oldu.

Zilhicce gurresinde Müftü es-Seyyid Ali Efendi’nin azliyle fuhûl-i ulemâdan Merzifonlu Mustafa Efendi Amasya müftüsü ve müteakiben Deli Emîr Paşazâde es-Seyyid Mustafa Bey’in ref‘inden Gürcüzâde Mehmed Bey Amasya alaybeyi ve Yeğen es-Seyyid Hasan Ağa’nın azliyle el-Hâc Abdülkâdir Ağa yine şehir kethüdâsı oldu.

Bu senenin evâhirinde meşâhir-i fuzalâdan Eyraklı Yûsuf Efendizâde es-Seyyid Mehmed Efendi ile Gümüşlüzâde Câmii kürsü şeyhi Küçük Hızır Efendi yekdiğerini müteâkib vefât etdi. Meşhur Ders-i âm İnallı Hoca Mehmed Efendi Gümüşlüzâde kürsü şeyhi Fâtıma Hâtun müderrisi oldu. [216]

Bu esnada Amasya fuzalâsından Çorumlu Ahmed Efendi, Müftü Mustafa Efendi, Müftüzâde Abdullah Efendi, Mütevellizâde Ahmed Efendi, İnallı Mehmed Efendi, Kayyımzâde İsmâil Efendi, Çorumlu Hâfız es-Seyyid Mehmed Efendi pek meşhûr idiler. Ma‘kûlât ve menkûlâtta Müftüzâde Abdullah Efendi Sivas’ta Tefsîrî Mehmed Efendi ka‘bında bir zât idi.

1104 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Hocazâde el-Hâc Lütfullah Efendi bin Rahmi Mehmed Efendi baş a‘yân olup Emîr Hacı demekle meşhûr Hocazâde es-Seyyid Abdüllatif Çelebi bin Abdullatif Efendi nakîbü’l-eşrâf kâ’im-makâmı oldu.

Rebîülâhirde Sadr-ı a’zam Merzifonî el-Hâc Ali Paşa sadâretten azl ü tekâüde sevk edildiğinden Bozoklu Mustafa Paşa sadrâzam olmasıyla Gümrükçü Osmân Ağa kethüdâ-yı sadr-ı âlî ve cumâdelûlânın on sekizinde Kayseriyyeli Vezîr Ahmed Paşa, Sivas vâlisi ve kethüdâsı Amasyalı Küçük Ali Beyzâde Hüseyin Ağa, Sivas mütesellimi oldu.

Recebin yirmi altısında Kethüdâ-yı Sadr-ı Âlî Amasyalı Osmân Ağa vezîr-i sânî olarak kubbenişîn olup şa’bânın beşinde Yozgatlı Mahmûd Paşa Sivas beylerbeyi ve Amasyalı Osmân Paşa rikâb-ı hümâyûn kâ’im-makâmı oldu.

Şevvâlin gurresinde Bâkîzâde Ahmed Efendi Amasya kadısı oldu. İki aydan beri esîr-i firâş olan Mutasarrıf Hüseyin Paşa vefât etdiği iş‘âr olmakla Amasya sancağı sâbık Malatya Mutasarrıfı Ahmed Paşa’ya [217] tevcîh edildi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a native of Amasya, a son of Kadızâde Hasan Bey, alaybeyi (commander of the timar-holding cavalry) of Amasya. On the sixth day of Şaban 1100 [1689] he became mutasarrıf (the pasha governing the sanjak) of the sanjak of Amasya; since he was assigned to the inspection of Anatolia, Hasan Ağa became mütesellim of Amasya (the deputy who looks after the sanjak in the pasha's place).

At this time the voivode of Merzifon, Mehmed Ağa, went to the war in Rumeli with three hundred infantry and five hundred cavalry from the people's soldiers gathered by the general mobilization; Kara Hasanzâde Mustafa Bey also became alaybeyi of Amasya.

At the beginning of the month of Ramazan all the scholars and hafizes were gathered to repel the plague; the Holy Qur'an and the hadith books of Bukhari and Muslim were read and complete recitations (hatim) were performed. Every part of Amasya was cleansed, and the city was walked from end to end with the reading of the hatim.

At the end of Ramazan the plague lifted. Since the irregularities of Mumcuzâde Seyyid Ahmed Pasha, beylerbeyi of Kastamonu and commander of the seyyids (sâdât başbuğu), had been proven, his head was cut off; in his place Emîr Paşazâde es-Seyyid Lutfullah Pasha became beylerbeyi of Kastamonu and commander of the seyyids.

On the first day of the month of Şevval Ebezâde Hüseyin Efendi came as kadı (judge) of Amasya. At the beginning of Zilkade the sanjak of Kırşehir was given to the alaybeyi Zor Mustafa Bey, and in his place Deli Emîr Paşazâde es-Seyyid Mustafa Bey became alaybeyi of Amasya.

This year, among the kadıs and mullas, the efendis el-Hâc Dâniş Mehmed and el-Hâc Zühdü Mehmed died, as did, of the notables, Topçuzâde el-Hâc Mehmed Ağa, the former voivode of Tokat and superintendent of the public estate (beytülmal emini; the official who looks after properties left ownerless) of Amasya, Hayreddînzâde Ahmed Çelebi, the administrator of the waqfs of the pashas Hızır and Mehmed, and Bülbül Hâfız Ahmed Efendi, chief muezzin of the Sultan Bayezid Mosque.

Ahmed Çelebi's son Ali Bey became administrator of the waqfs of the pashas Hızır and Mehmed; the second muezzin İnce Ali Efendi became chief muezzin, and the famous Yeniceli Hâfız Mehmed Efendi became muezzin. At this time the first imam of the Sultan Bayezid Mosque, Hocazâde el-Hâc Halil Efendi, son of Abdüllatif Efendi, was also among the well-known hafizes and pious persons.

On the twenty-first of Muharrem 1101 [1689] Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha became grand vizier and the gate steward (kapı kethüdâsı) Çiğzâde Mehmed Ağa became steward of the grand vizierate. At the beginning of Safer, with the dismissal of the Naqib es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi, es-Seyyid Osmân Ağa became deputy of the naqib al-ashraf (the Amasya deputy of the naqib who looks after the affairs of the descendants of the Prophet). In place of the City Steward Mehmed Ağa, who died a few days later, Hacı Mansûrzâde el-Hâc Abdulkâdir Ağa, son of el-Hâc Ali Ağa, became city steward.

In the month of Rebîülevvel, with the removal of the commander (serdar) of Amasya Mustafa Ağa, İsmâil Ağa became janissary commander. Since Governor Hüseyin Pasha had been charged with punishing Polat Mehmed Pasha, the rebel governor of Kayseri, and had gone with his Halil Ağa, Nasûhzâde Nasûh Ağa of the notables became mütesellim of Amasya.

On the first day of Receb the kadı Hüseyin Efendi went to Istanbul, and in his place Müftüzâde Ömer Efendi became naib of Amasya (deputy of the kadı). At the beginning of Ramazan, following an incident between the seyyids and the janissaries, Commander İsmâil Ağa was removed and Apardı İbrâhim Ağa became janissary commander. At the beginning of Şevval the Naqib es-Seyyid Osmân Ağa was also dismissed; Emîr Ağazâde es-Seyyid Halîl Ağa became deputy of the naqib al-ashraf, and Abdulcelîlzâde Hasan Pasha of Amasya became beylerbeyi of Mosul.

In the middle of Zilkade, the professorship of the Sultâniyye (Sultan Bayezid Madrasa) held by the mufti Şeyh Yakûbzâde Mustafa Efendi was taken from him and given to es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi, one of the seyyid scholars. Offended by this, the mufti resigned from the muftiship of Amasya at the beginning of Zilhicce and went to Istanbul; in his place Hâfız es-Seyyid Ali Efendi became mufti of Amasya.

Although the upstarts (türediler, the unruly bandit bands) had been removed, the partisanship they left behind, the resentment among the people toward one another and the discord among the notables had greatly increased. A small incident was causing a great commotion.

Taking this into consideration, Grand Vizier Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha, with the idea of not allowing the tyranny and arbitrary conduct of the notables and the influential, of supervising the judgments and cases of kadıs and naibs to prevent abuse, and of uniting the hearts of the notables and the people, established in every city a council of notables (âyan meclisi) as a counterpart of the Imperial Council (Dîvân-ı Hümâyun).

In the month of Zilhicce the sultan's decree concerning this arrived and was read with ceremony. Thereupon the notables of the land, who stood out among the people with their influence and wealth, gathered in the mansion of the mütesellim Nasûh Ağa; nine notables and a head notable (baş âyan) were chosen, and a sheikh of the guilds (esnaf şeyhi) was also appointed.

From the first day of Muharrem 1102 [1690] the Council of Notables was opened. The first president of the Council of Notables was Hacı Madenzâde el-Hâc Ahmed Ağa, the first sheikh of the guilds was el-Hâc İbrâhim Efendi, sheikh of the Hoca Sultan Lodge. The first sâîbaşı, that is, the secretary of the notables and the guilds, was Kâtib Ali Efendi, whose mastery in various script types was acknowledged by all.

Then the former kadı of Tokat, Murtezâ Efendi, became kadı of Amasya; by him Müftüzâde Ömer Efendi was again made naib of Amasya. At the beginning of Safer, since the scholars objected to a fatwa of the mufti Hâfız es-Seyyid Ali Efendi, the mufti was dismissed and the professor of the Sultâniyye, es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi, became mufti of Amasya.

In the middle of Safer the Naqib es-Seyyid Halîl Ağa was dismissed upon the seyyids' complaints; in his place the naqib before him, es-Seyyid Osmân Ağa, became deputy of the naqib al-ashraf. At this time the governor of Van, Deli Ömer Pasha of Erzurum, became governor of Sivas.

In the month of Şaban, when the Steward of the Grand Vizierate Çiğzâde Mehmed Ağa became janissary commander (yeniçeri ağası), Köprülü Dedezâde Mustafa Efendi, who was the register superintendent (defter emini), became steward of the grand vizierate. Then Grand Vizier Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha went to war as commander-in-chief (serdâr-ı ekrem).

On the fifteenth day of the month of Şevval, upon the death of Sultan Süleyman II, his brother Sultan Ahmed Khan II ascended the Ottoman throne.

At this time Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha, who was on the plain of Sofia, was left in the grand vizierate and the supreme command.

At the beginning of Zilhicce it was announced with weeping that Grand Vizier Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha had fallen a martyr in the battle of Ciğerdelen. For this reason the Steward of the Grand Vizierate Köprülü Mustafa Efendi and the Commander of the Sipahis, Dayı Ömer Ağa of Merzifon, were dismissed and imprisoned.

On the first day of Muharrem 1102 Hacı Efendizâde İbrâhim Efendi became kadı of Amasya. Kaya Alî Ağa became kethüdâyeri (the sipahis' steward in the sanjak) and mütesellim of Amasya; Şa'bânzâde Şa'bân Ağa, one of the well-known notables, became collector of the poll tax (cizye muhassılı; the official who collects the head tax taken from non-Muslims) for the province of Sivas and the sanjak of Amasya, and Müftüzâde el-Hâc Feyzullah Efendi, son of İsmâil Efendi, became head notable.

On the tenth day of the month of Muharrem the poor Steward of the Grand Vizierate Köprülü Mustafa Efendi and Dayı Ömer Ağa were executed, and their goods and property were confiscated. On the seventeenth of the month Mehmed Ağa of Amasya, one of the çavuşes (court ushers), came as administrator of the sultans' waqfs (evkâf-ı Sultâniyye).

In the month of Safer the City Steward el-Hâc Abdulkâdir Ağa was dismissed, and in his place Yeğen es-Seyyid Hasan Ağa, son of Hüseyin Ağa, became city steward. Since Yeğen es-Seyyid Hasan Ağa was the son of the sister of Deli Emîr Pasha, he became known as "Yeğen Hasan Ağa" (Nephew Hasan Ağa).

In the month of Rebîülevvel the mufti es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi was dismissed from the muftiship; es-Seyyid Ali Efendi, a relative of the Naqib es-Seyyid Osmân Ağa, again became mufti of Amasya. In the month of Cemâziyelevvel Genç Mehmed Ağa of Tokat became beylerbeyi of Sivas. At the beginning of Receb the governor of Diyarbakır, el-Hâc Ali Pasha of Merzifon, became grand vizier, and his steward Burnaz Mehmed Ağa of Merzifon became steward of the grand vizierate.

In the month of Şevval Hacı Efendizâde Ahmed Ağa of Amasya, who was the tax collector (muhassıl) of Aleppo, became governor of Baghdad with the rank of vizier. Fâizeli es-Seyyid Şa'bân Ağa, the former kul kethüdâsı (deputy of the janissary agha), who lived in exile in Merzifon, became governor of Karahisar-ı Şarkî with the rank of beylerbeyi.

On the eighth of Zilkade, Mehmed Efendi of Amasya, one of the hâcegân of the Imperial Council (the senior scribes of the divan), came from Istanbul as administrator of the sultans' waqfs. Then, with the removal of Kuloğlu Halil Ağa, Ali Ağa of Amasya became kethüdâyeri. At this time the Head Notable el-Hâc Feyzullah Efendi died, and el-Hâc Abdülbâkî Efendi became head notable.

On the first day of Zilhicce the mufti es-Seyyid Ali Efendi was dismissed, and Mustafa Efendi of Merzifon, one of the foremost of the scholars, became mufti of Amasya. Then, with the removal of Deli Emîr Paşazâde es-Seyyid Mustafa Bey, Gürcüzâde Mehmed Bey became alaybeyi of Amasya; with the dismissal of Yeğen es-Seyyid Hasan Ağa, el-Hâc Abdülkâdir Ağa again became city steward.

Late in this year, among the well-known scholars, Eyraklı Yûsuf Efendizâde es-Seyyid Mehmed Efendi and the chair-holding sheikh (kürsü şeyhi; the sheikh who gives sermons and lessons to the public in a mosque) of the Gümüşlüzâde Mosque, Küçük Hızır Efendi, died one after the other. The famous ders-i âm (a professor of advanced rank who gives public lessons), İnallı Hoca Mehmed Efendi, became chair-holding sheikh of Gümüşlüzâde and professor of the Fâtıma Hâtun Madrasa.

At this time, among the scholars of Amasya, Çorumlu Ahmed Efendi, the mufti Mustafa Efendi, Müftüzâde Abdullah Efendi, Mütevellizâde Ahmed Efendi, İnallı Mehmed Efendi, Kayyımzâde İsmâil Efendi and Çorumlu Hâfız es-Seyyid Mehmed Efendi were very well known. Müftüzâde Abdullah Efendi was a person on the level of Tefsîrî Mehmed Efendi of Sivas in the rational and the transmitted sciences.

On the first day of Muharrem 1104 [1692] Hocazâde el-Hâc Lütfullah Efendi, son of Rahmi Mehmed Efendi, became head notable; Hocazâde es-Seyyid Abdüllatif Çelebi, son of Abdüllatif Efendi, known as "Emîr Hacı," also became deputy of the naqib al-ashraf.

In the month of Rebîülâhir Grand Vizier el-Hâc Ali Pasha of Merzifon was dismissed from the grand vizierate and retired. When Mustafa Pasha of Bozok became grand vizier, Gümrükçü Osmân Ağa became steward of the grand vizierate. On the eighteenth of Cemâziyelevvel Vizier Ahmed Pasha of Kayseri became governor of Sivas, and his steward Hüseyin Ağa, son of Küçük Ali Bey of Amasya, became mütesellim of Sivas.

On the twenty-sixth of Receb the Steward of the Grand Vizierate Osmân Ağa of Amasya became dome vizier (kubbe veziri) as second vizier. On the fifth of Şaban Mahmûd Pasha of Yozgat became beylerbeyi of Sivas, and Osmân Pasha of Amasya became deputy of the imperial stirrup (rikâb-ı hümâyun kaymakamı; the vizier who looks after matters beside the sultan in the grand vizier's place while the grand vizier is on campaign).

On the first day of Şevval Bâkîzâde Ahmed Efendi became kadı of Amasya. Since it was reported that Governor Hüseyin Pasha, who had been bedridden for two months, had died, the sanjak of Amasya was given to the former governor of Malatya, Ahmed Pasha.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • mahdûm: son
  • nefîr-i âmm: the calling of the people to arms en masse in the face of an enemy threat, general mobilization
  • huffâz: hafizes, those who know the Qur'an by heart
  • tathîr: cleansing, purification
  • irtikâb: irregularity, wrongdoing
  • sâdât başbuğu: commander of the armed body formed of seyyids
  • gurre, evâil, evâsıt, evâhir, selh: the first day of the month, its beginning, middle, end and last day
  • kudât u mevâlî: kadıs and mullas who had risen to the great judgeships
  • ref': removal from office
  • te'dîb: correcting by punishment
  • türedi: the unruly rabble that sprang up afterward and stirred up trouble
  • müteneffizân: the influential
  • tagallüb ve istibdâd: tyranny and arbitrary conduct
  • te'lîf-i kulûb: uniting hearts, reconciling
  • vücûh-ı memleket: the notables of the land
  • sâîbaşı: secretary of the council of notables and guilds
  • hutût-ı mütenevvia: various script types
  • bükâ': weeping
  • menfiyyen mukîm: residing in exile
  • fuhûl-i ulemâ: the foremost of the scholars
  • ma'kûlât ve menkûlât: the rational sciences and the transmitted (religious) sciences
  • kubbenişîn: the vizier who sits under the dome in the Imperial Council
  • esîr-i firâş: a sick person confined to bed
  • iş'âr: notifying
  • tevcîh: granting a post to someone

The Governor Who Opened the Fourth Period

Hüsâmeddin begins the fourth period of Amasya's history under Ottoman administration in Şaban 1099 and names as the person who opened this period Kadızâde Hüseyin Pasha, of the old families of Amasya. In the pages immediately before, it is told that the pasha, in his capacity as "inspector of Anatolia," raided and executed Cerîd oğlu Mehmed Pasha, who was plundering in the Çorum region, and that the sanjak of Amasya was given to him only after these services. In this entry the pasha stays at the head of the sanjak for nearly five years, but spends most of it outside Amasya on inspection and bandit-hunting; the city's affairs are run by mütesellims such as Hasan Ağa, Nasûh Ağa and Kaya Ali Ağa. The observation Hüsâmeddin made at the end of the previous section is clearly seen here: the mütesellims were mostly chosen from Amasya's own notables.

The news of the pasha's death, as Hüsâmeddin also writes in the next entry, did not prove true. Present-day research shows that Kadızâde Hüseyin Pasha earned his real fame in Raqqa rather than Amasya. In a study of the tribes around Kilis, relying on Özcan Tatar's thesis, it is reported that in June 1690, when a Kurdish community attacked a neighboring clan, "Raqqa Beylerbeyi Kadızâde Hüseyin Pasha" was assigned to punish the culprits. According to Hüsâmeddin, however, the pasha was at that date governor of Amasya and would pass to the beylerbeyilik of Raqqa only in Safer 1105. The two pieces of information suggest that the pasha was also assigned to tribal affairs in Raqqa while holding Amasya; but with the sources at hand it is not possible to resolve this duality with certainty.

The Plague and the Recitations Read

The plague that gripped Amasya in Ramazan 1100, that is, in the summer of 1689, is part of a long wave of epidemics continuing in Ottoman lands in those years. According to the entry "Tâun" (Plague), one of the great epidemics seen in the seventeenth century occurred between 1685 and 1695, and another, beginning in 1697, lasted until the first years of the eighteenth century. The collective recitations Hüsâmeddin describes, the reading of Bukhari and Muslim, and the walking of the city with prayers show the path the city dwellers of the period resorted to in the face of an epidemic. The same entry records that the hadiths in which the Prophet asked that one not go to a place where plague has broken out, and that those inside the epidemic not leave their places, and declaring that one who dies of plague is counted a martyr, are found in these two books. That Bukhari and Muslim were specially read in epidemic days is thus no coincidence.

Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha's Councils of Notables

The most valuable part of the entry is the pages that recount the founding of the council of notables in Amasya day by day. According to Hüsâmeddin's record, the decree that arrived in Zilhicce 1101 was read with ceremony; the notables gathered in the mütesellim's mansion, chose nine notables and a head notable, and also appointed a sheikh of the guilds; the council began work on the first day of Muharrem 1102, that is, in early October 1690. The first president was Hacı Madenzâde el-Hâc Ahmed Ağa, the first sheikh of the guilds was the sheikh of the Hoca Sultan Lodge, el-Hâc İbrâhim Efendi, and the council's secretary was the calligrapher Kâtib Ali Efendi.

This information is also used as a source in present-day historiography. The encyclopedia entry on Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha writes that among the pasha's innovations in provincial administration he established "in every town councils of notables like the Imperial Council at the center, with the idea of checking the judgments and trials of kadıs and naibs to prevent abuse and creating harmony between the notables and the people," and cites directly the fourth volume of the Amasya Târihi as the source of this sentence. That is, a significant part of what we know about Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha's councils of notables rests on this example that Hüsâmeddin gives from Amasya.

Studies on the office of notable (âyanlık) also complete the picture. According to the entry "Âyan" (Notables), although it is known that elections were held to determine the official notable of a region, no regulation showing the procedure of these elections has been found; elections of notables first appear in documents in the 1680s, and the person elected had to obtain a petition (mahzar) from the people, a judicial notice (ilâm) from the kadı and an order (buyruldu) from the governor. The Amasya example is valuable in addition because it also shows among whom the election was held: Hüsâmeddin describes the electors as "the notables of the land who stand out with their influence and wealth." The same entry tells that the mâlikâne system, under which from 1695 some tax sources were given in tax-farm for life, strengthened the notables and that in the eighteenth century notable families turned almost into dynasties in their own regions. That families in Amasya such as the Rahtuvanzâdes, Madenzâdes and Müftüzâdes held the headship of the notables and the deputy governorship, passing them from hand to hand in later pages, is the local face of this development.

Slankamen and Hüsâmeddin's Dates

In the entry the great changes in Istanbul are given as seen from Amasya, in the order in which the news reached the city. For this reason some dates depart from present-day research. Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha's elevation to the grand vizierate appears in the encyclopedia entry as 11 Muharrem 1101 (25 October 1689); Hüsâmeddin gives the twenty-first of the month. Ahmed II's accession is 23 June 1691; this falls in the last days of Ramazan 1102. Hüsâmeddin's "fifteenth of Şevval" most probably indicates the day the news reached Amasya or was proclaimed there.

The battle in which Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha fell a martyr is known in the sources as the Battle of Slankamen. According to the encyclopedia entry, in the battle that began at afternoon prayer time on 24 Zilkade 1102 (19 August 1691), the pasha, who pressed forward to encourage the soldiers, was struck by a bullet, his death led to the dispersal of the army, and his body could not be found despite all searches. Hüsâmeddin's writing that the news was announced "with weeping" at the beginning of Zilhicce agrees with this date; but the name "Ciğerdelen" he gives the battle is wrong, because the battle known by the name Ciğerdelen is recorded as a separate battle among the battles of this period.

There is also a writing error to note in the text. The events after Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha's death are again begun "on the first day of Muharrem of the year 1102." Yet these events come after Zilhicce 1102; the correct year should be 1103. Indeed, in the same group of paragraphs it is said that el-Hâc Ali Pasha of Merzifon became grand vizier at the beginning of Receb; according to the entry "Hacı Ali Paşa," this appointment was made on 9 Receb 1103 (27 March 1692). Hüsâmeddin does not mention at all Arabacı Ali Pasha, who after Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha served as grand vizier for only about two months.

The "Rebîülâhir 1104" given for Hacı Ali Pasha's dismissal also does not appear correct. The same encyclopedia entry writes that the pasha, who opposed the dismissal of the treasurer Cânib Ahmed Efendi, handed the seal to the sultan on 20 Receb 1104 (27 March 1693) and that Mustafa Pasha of Bozok was brought in his place; the entry on Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha gives the same date. Hüsâmeddin's later statement that Osmân Ağa of Amasya became dome vizier on 26 Receb and deputy of the stirrup on 5 Şaban agrees with this order. In an archival record used by Recep Ahıshalı, who studied the campaign organization of the Ottoman central bureaucracy, it is seen that on 7 Şaban 1104 (13 April 1693) a note was added to an entry because a clerk was "the memorandum clerk (tezkireci) of Vizier Osman Pasha, deputy grand vizier at the stirrup." Thus the stirrup deputyship of Osmân Pasha of Amasya is confirmed by another document as well.

Hacı Efendizâde Ahmed Pasha, Governor of Baghdad

There is a detailed study on the Aleppo tax collector Hacı Efendizâde Ahmed Ağa, whom Hüsâmeddin writes became governor of Baghdad with a vizierate in Şevval 1103. According to the article Merve Karaçay Türkal devoted to this pasha's estate, Ahmed Ağa, who was steward of the former governor of Baghdad Ömer Pasha and tax collector of Aleppo, was brought to the governorship of Baghdad with the rank of vizier on 24 Zilhicce 1103 (6 September 1692). As soon as he took up the post he dealt with the disturbances in Şehrizor and with Mâni', the sheikh of the Muntafiq who rebelled in Basra; the campaign he set out on with some 15,000 soldiers was inconclusive, and shortly after returning to Baghdad he caught the plague and died on 5 Cemâziyelevvel 1105 (2 January 1694). His property was confiscated because of his debt to the treasury, and on the petition his daughter wrote to the sultan, a stipend of 500 kuruş was assigned to his family.

Two differences stand out here. Hüsâmeddin places the appointment in Şevval, the article in Zilhicce. More important, Silâhdar Mehmed Ağa speaks of the pasha as "Ahmed Pasha of Akhaltsikhe," and the article's author thinks the pasha may originally be from Akhaltsikhe; Hüsâmeddin, by contrast, ties him to the Amasya family of the Hacı Efendizâdes. The Hacı Efendizâdes are a family who served as kadıs and naibs in Amasya; in the same entry Hacı Efendizâde İbrâhim Efendi is seen to be kadı of Amasya. On what document Hüsâmeddin bases this link is not clear.

Merzifonlu and the Men of Amasya at the Center of the State

The appointments near the end of the entry show how strong those who rose from Amasya and its surroundings were at the center of the state in the 1690s. Grand Vizier Hacı Ali Pasha is from Merzifon; according to the encyclopedia entry, he was raised beside his fellow townsman Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha, became his silahdar and the steward of the gatekeepers, and took part in the Siege of Vienna. He is remembered for his honesty: he transferred the rewards (câize) and gifts given to him to the treasury and, after his dismissal, asked only for a land allowance (arpalık) sufficient for his livelihood. The steward of the grand vizierate, Burnaz Mehmed Ağa, is also from Merzifon. Osmân Pasha, who rose from the stewardship of the grand vizierate to the dome vizierate and the deputyship of the stirrup, is from Amasya.

The Gümüşlüzâde Mosque

The Gümüşlüzâde Mosque, where Hüsâmeddin mentions chair-holding sheikhs, is today the Gümüşlü Mosque in Amasya, facing the Hükümet Bridge and overlooking Yavuz Selim Square from above. According to records, the mosque was built in 1326 by Tâceddin Mahmud Çelebi, rebuilt in 1491 by the Treasurer Mahmud Bey after it collapsed in the earthquake of 1419, and repaired by Şemseddin Pasha after the fire of 1612. After the repair that Gümüşlüzâde İbrâhim Bey had made in 1688, it began to be called "Gümüşlü." Hüsâmeddin's saying "Gümüşlüzâde Mosque" points to a period when, only a few years after this repair, the name was just becoming established. The mosque stands today and is open for worship.

Bibliography

Primary sources

Academic studies

Official sources

Other sources

Volume 4 contents

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