AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE-İ TÂRİHİYYE

Mirza Mehmed Pasha

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 4, p. 604–606 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Hicabi GÜLGEN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

İranlıdır. Yirmi yıl kadar evvel Devlet-i Osmâniye’ye iltica eylediğinden uhdesine beylerbeyilik verilmişdi. 1099 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Amasya sancağı mutasarrıfı olup kethüdâsı Mehmed Ağa’yı mütesellim gönderdi. Kendisi de bir müddet sonra geldi.

Sadr-ı a’zam Siyavuş Paşa, orduyu Belgrat’tan kaldırıp Edirne’ye gelmiş, İstanbul’a müteveccihen Edirne haricine çıkmışdı. Sulak Çeşmesi mevkiinde ictima eden ordunun erkân ve zâbıtânı pek çok esbâbtan dolayı Dördüncü Sultân Mehmed’in hal‘ini bi’l-müzâkere kabûl edib İstanbul’a mahzar-ı umûmî göndermişlerdi.

Çünkü Yeğen Osmân Paşa, intikâmını almak için Süleyman Paşa’yı defetdikten sonra amcasını i’dâm etdiren Sultân Mehmed’in hal‘ini istemiş, bu maksadı, ocak ağalarına ve sipâhi zorbalarına gizlice propagandalarla kabûl etdirmişdi.

Gerek Sadr-ı a’zam Siyavuş Paşa ve gerek Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Paşa da kendilerinin azl ve nekbetlerine müsaade etdiğinden dolayı Sultân Mehmed’e zâten kızgındılar. Ordunun bu talebi, her ikisinin de işine geliyordu.

Binâenaleyh: Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Paşa, eniştesinin gönderdiği ordu mahzarını elde etdiği anda ricâl-i devleti ikna eylediğinden muharremin ikinci günü Avcı Sultân Mehmed hal‘ edilerek birâderi İkinci Sultân Süleyman Hân Osmanlı tahtına cülûs etdi. [189]

Sadr-ı a’zam Siyavuş, orduyu alıp İstanbul’a geldikten sonra Yeğen Osmân Paşa’nın kuvvet ve cemiyetinden istifade etmek emeliyle muharremin on yedinci günü mûmâ-ileyhe Rumeli ve dayısı Amasyalı Veli Bey’e Hersek eyaletlerini tevcîh ve acilen gitmelerini tenbîh etdi.

Muharremin yirmi ikinci günü Hazîne-i Hümâyûn kethüdâsı ve Köprülü ammizâde Hüseyin Paşa’nın damâdı olan Amasyalı Rus Rıdvan Ağazâde Ahmed Ağa’ya vezâretle Basra eyaleti verildi.

Bu esnada haps ü müsâdere edilen sâbık gümrük emîni Amasyalı Şa’bân Ağa, Sivas ve Karaman eyaletlerinin Bozaciyan mukâtaası emîni olarak Amasya’ya gönderildi. Bayram Îydî Efendi yine müftü oldu.

Kezâlik Mumcuzâde es-Seyyid Mustafa Ağa nikâbetten azledilip yerine ulemâdan müftü-i sâbık es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi nakîbü’l-eşrâf kâ’im-makâmı, Peçelizâde Hasan Bey Amasya alaybeyi, Kurşunlu Ali Ağa Amasya kethüdâyeri olup selefi Küçük Mehmed Ağa’nın emvâl ü emlâki müsâdere edildi.

Çünkü Amasya’da pek ileri giden ve zâlimâne hareket eden seyyidlerden Koca Emîr, Saçlı Emîr, nakîb-i sâbık Mumcu Seyyid, Mirza Paşa’nın tedbiriyle ahz u bend edilerek Amasya’dan kaldırılıp Kal’a-i Bâlâ’da haps edilmişlerdi.

Safer evâilinde bunlar, Dizdâr Mustafa Ağa’nın musâmahasıyla gece şehre inip erâcîf-i müz‘ice neşr ve işâa etdikleri şâyî‘ oldukta [190] Dizdâr Ağa azledildi. Yerine Receb Ağa geldi. Müftü ve Sultâniyye Müderrisi Bayram Îydî Efendi Trablusşam mollası olup yerine Dursunzâde Pîrî Mehmed Efendi Amasya müftüsü ve Sultâniyye müderrisi oldu.

Rebîülâhirin yirmi yedinci günü Sadr-ı a’zam Siyavuş Paşa’nın İstanbul zorbaları elinde maktûl olup açıkta kalan kethüdâ-yı sadr-ı âlî Köprülü Şa’bân Ağa beylerbeyilikle Niğbolu’ya gönderildi.

Cumâdelûlâ gurresinde Evkâf-ı Sultâniye Mütevellîsi Murâd Beyzâde el-Hâc Ahmed Ağa ağır hasta olduğundan Kara Abdî Beyzâde Mustafa Ağa evkâf-ı Sultâniyye mütevellîsi ve Lâdikli İmâm-ı Sultânî Hâfız Mehmed Efendi Rumeli kazaskeri oldu. Cumâdelâhirenin yedinci günü mütevelli-i sâbık el-Hâc Ahmed Ağa vefât etdi.

Sadr-ı sâbık Siyavuş Paşa’nın şehâdetinde sadrâzam olan Nişancı Ayaşlı İsmâil Paşa Kara İbrâhim Paşa’nın sadâretinde Yeğen Osmân Paşa’dan gördüğü lütufların mükâfâtı olarak Yeğen Paşa’ya vezâretle Haleb eyaletini ve Macaristan seraskerliğini ve bundan münhal olan Rumeli eyaletini de dayısı Amasyalı Boyacızâde Veliyyüddîn Paşa’ya tevcîh etdi.

Yeğen Osmân Paşa, vezîr ve serasker oldukta her taraftan ikbâl düşkünleri başına üşüşüp nüfûz u kuvveti, kibr u nahveti o nispette şiddeti artmış, erkân-ı devleti telaşa düşürmüşdü. Bunun için bir sözü reddedilmezdi, her istediği verilirdi.

Binâenaleyh: Receb evâilinde kendi arz u inhasıyla kethüdâsı [191] Lâdikli Kara Mustafa Ağa’ya Karaman, dişli etbâından Gedik Bölükbaşı Ankaralı Mehmed Ağa’ya Sivas eyaletleri, büyük mahdûmu Hasan Bey’e Canik, küçük mahdûmu Hüseyin Bey’e Amasya, yeğeni Ahmed Bey’e Karahisâr-ı Şarkî, azılı etbâından Çorumlu Ceritoğlu Mehmed Ağa’ya Çorum sancakları bâ-rütbe-i mîrimîrânı tevcîh edildi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was an Iranian. Because he had taken refuge with the Ottoman state about twenty years earlier, he had been given the rank of beylerbeyi. On the first day of Muharrem 1099 [1687] he became mutasarrıf (governor) of the sanjak of Amasya and sent his steward (kethüda) Mehmed Ağa as mütesellim (deputy administrator). He himself came after some time.

Grand Vizier Siyavuş Pasha had moved the army from Belgrade to Edirne and had gone outside Edirne, about to set out for Istanbul. The army's notables and officers, gathered at the place called Sulak Çeşmesi, for many reasons discussed and agreed among themselves on the deposition of Mehmed IV from the throne, and sent a joint petition (mahzar) to Istanbul.

For Yeğen Osman Pasha, after removing Süleyman Pasha to take his revenge, had wanted the deposition of Sultan Mehmed too, who had had his uncle executed; he had made the corps commanders and the sipahi ruffians accept this aim through propaganda carried on in secret.

Both Grand Vizier Siyavuş Pasha and Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha were already angry at Sultan Mehmed, because he had tolerated their dismissal and fall from favor. This wish of the army suited them both.

For this reason, the moment Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha took in hand the army petition sent by his brother-in-law, he persuaded the statesmen, and on the second day of Muharrem Sultan Mehmed the Hunter was deposed and his brother Süleyman Khan II ascended the Ottoman throne.

After Grand Vizier Siyavuş took the army and came to Istanbul, on the seventeenth day of Muharrem, in order to make use of Yeğen Osman Pasha's power and the crowd he had gathered around himself, he gave him Rumeli, and gave his maternal uncle Veli Bey of Amasya the provinces of Herzegovina, and instructed them to set out immediately.

On the twenty-second day of Muharrem, Ahmed Ağa, son of Rus Rıdvan Ağa of Amasya, who was steward of the Imperial Treasury and son-in-law of Hüseyin Pasha, the Köprülü's cousin, was given a vizierate and the province of Basra.

At this time Şaban Ağa of Amasya, the former customs superintendent, who had been imprisoned and whose property had been confiscated, was sent to Amasya as superintendent of the Bozaciyan tax-farm (mukataa) of the provinces of Sivas and Karaman. Bayram Îydî Efendi became mufti again.

Likewise Mumcuzâde es-Seyyid Mustafa Ağa was dismissed from the naqibship; in his place the former mufti es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi, of the ulema, became deputy of the naqib al-ashraf, Peçelizâde Hasan Bey became alaybeyi of Amasya, and Kurşunlu Ali Ağa became kethüdâyeri of Amasya; the property and estate of his predecessor Küçük Mehmed Ağa were confiscated.

For among the seyyids who had gone very far and behaved oppressively in Amasya, Koca Emîr, Saçlı Emîr and the former naqib Mumcu Seyyid had been seized and bound through Mirza Pasha's measures, removed from Amasya and imprisoned in the Upper Fortress (Kal'a-i Bâlâ).

At the beginning of Safer it was heard that, with the connivance of the fortress commander Mustafa Ağa, they came down into the city at night and spread groundless rumors that frightened the people; the commander was dismissed and Receb Ağa was appointed in his place. The mufti and professor of the Sultaniye Madrasa, Bayram Îydî Efendi, became mulla of Tripoli of Syria; in his place Dursunzâde Pîrî Mehmed Efendi became mufti of Amasya and professor of the Sultaniye.

On the twenty-seventh day of Rebîülâhir, when Grand Vizier Siyavuş Pasha was killed at the hands of the Istanbul ruffians, the steward of the grand vizierate, Köprülü Şaban Ağa, left without a post, was sent to Nikopol as beylerbeyi.

At the beginning of Cemaziyelevvel, since the administrator (mütevelli) of the Sultan Bayezid waqfs, Murad Beyzâde el-Hâc Ahmed Ağa, was gravely ill, Kara Abdî Beyzâde Mustafa Ağa became administrator of the Sultan Bayezid waqfs, and the sultan's imam Lâdikli Hâfız Mehmed Efendi became kazasker (chief military judge) of Rumeli. On the seventh day of Cemaziyelahir the former administrator el-Hâc Ahmed Ağa died.

İsmail Pasha of Ayaş, the chancellor (nişancı) who became grand vizier upon the killing of the previous grand vizier Siyavuş Pasha, in return for the favors he had received from Yeğen Osman Pasha during Kara İbrahim Pasha's grand vizierate, gave Yeğen Pasha the province of Aleppo with a vizierate and the seraskerate of Hungary, and the Rumeli province thereby vacated to his maternal uncle Boyacızâde Veliyyüddin Pasha of Amasya.

When Yeğen Osman Pasha became vizier and serasker (commander-in-chief), seekers of office and rank crowded around him from all sides; his influence and power, his pride and grandeur grew by the same measure and threw the statesmen into agitation. For this reason no word of his was refused and everything he wanted was given.

Indeed, at the beginning of Receb, at his own wish and proposal, the provinces of Karaman went to his steward Lâdikli Kara Mustafa Ağa and of Sivas to Gedik Bölükbaşı Mehmed Ağa of Ankara, one of his influential men; the sanjak of Canik to his elder son Hasan Bey, Amasya to his younger son Hüseyin Bey, Karahisâr-ı Şarkî to his nephew Ahmed Bey, and the sanjaks of Çorum to Çorumlu Ceritoğlu Mehmed Ağa, one of his fierce men, all with the rank of mîrimîran (beylerbeyi).

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • iltica: taking refuge
  • gurre: the first day of the month; evâil: the first ten days of the month
  • mütesellim: the deputy who administers a sanjak in the sanjak governor's name when he is absent
  • mahzar: a joint petition bearing the signatures or seals of many people
  • hal': deposing a ruler from the throne; cülûs: accession to the throne
  • nekbet: misfortune, fall from favor
  • ricâl-i devlet: the leading officials of the state
  • tevcîh: granting a post or place to someone
  • mukâtaa emîni: the official in charge of collecting the tax of a state revenue source
  • nakîbüleşraf kâ'im-makâmı: the provincial deputy of the naqib al-ashraf, who looks after the affairs of seyyids and sharifs
  • alaybeyi: commander of the timar-holding sipahis in a sanjak; kethüdâyeri: the sipahis' representative in the sanjak
  • ahz u bend: seizing and binding; erâcîf: groundless, fear-spreading rumors
  • dizdâr: fortress commander
  • mütevellî: waqf administrator
  • bâ-rütbe-i mîrimîrân: with the rank of beylerbeyi
  • etbâ: the men in one's retinue; dişli: influential, powerful

Mirza Mehmed Pasha

In searches made for Mirza Mehmed Pasha, whom Hüsameddin says was Iranian and took refuge with the Ottomans some twenty years earlier, no information about this person was found in other sources. According to what is told in this entry and the ones that follow it, he is an administrator who acted together with the notables (ayan) of Amasya against the seyyid ruffians and is therefore remembered well in the city.

The Deposition of Mehmed IV

The great event in the background of the entry is the deposition of Mehmed IV in the autumn of 1687. The beginning of the event is the defeat that Grand Vizier Sarı Süleyman Pasha suffered on 3 Şevval 1098 (12 August 1687), which Western historians call the Second Mohács. The soldiers, who could not receive their salaries and were displeased with the grand vizier's arrangements, rose on 1 September and chose the governor of Aleppo, Siyavuş Pasha, as army deputy. Among the ringleaders of the revolt whom Süleyman Pasha, forced to flee, ordered seized are the names of the steward of Amasya and of Yeğen Osman Pasha. To save the situation, Mehmed IV had Süleyman Pasha, who brought the grand vizier's seal, killed and showed his head to the soldiers, dispersed the hunting equipment and declared that he repented; but the army's decision did not change.

Hüsameddin writes that the army notables gathered at the place called Sulak Çeşmesi outside Edirne and prepared a petition. In present-day research, by contrast, it is stated that the decisive decision was taken when the army came to Silivri, on 1 Muharrem 1099 (7 November 1687), and that this decision was sent to Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha, who was deputy grand vizier in Istanbul. The next day Mustafa Pasha gathered the ulema and the statesmen in the Hagia Sophia Mosque; the question of whether it was religiously permissible to depose a sultan who could not tear himself away from the hunt was approved by silence, and on 2 Muharrem 1099 (8 November 1687) Süleyman II was placed on the throne. Since it is known that Siyavuş Pasha was married to Ayşe Hatun, daughter of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, Hüsameddin is right in speaking of "the petition sent by his brother-in-law" for Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha. The sources also tell that Prince Süleyman, who had lived shut up for some forty years in the palace apartment called Şimşirlik, did not want to leave his place, thinking he would be killed.

Yeğen Osman Pasha was at this time among the leaders of the rebels in the army. It is recorded that he did not enter Istanbul, saying "it is not our custom to enter a place with minarets" (that is, a city), and waited with his large retinue outside the city, at Çırpıcıçayırı and in the plain of Davutpaşa. That the beylerbeyilik of Rumeli was given to him shortly after the grand vizier's entry into Istanbul agrees with the appointment that Hüsameddin dates to "the seventeenth day of Muharrem."

The Identity of Yeğen Osman Pasha

Hüsameddin explains Yeğen Osman Pasha's grudge against Mehmed IV by "his having had his uncle executed," and in the next entry calls him "Bayburdluoğlu" (son of the man from Bayburt). This is an approach that regards Yeğen as a relative of Kara İbrahim Pasha of Bayburt. Kara İbrahim Pasha was indeed killed on Rhodes by the decree of Mehmed IV in Şaban 1098 (June-July 1687). But Yeğen's kinship with this family is not confirmed in other sources. Present-day research presents him as a sekban leader of Turkmen origin; according to information gathered in the Çorum region, he is from the village of Çöplü in Alaca, and his father's name is Baba Paşa. A Western author's presentation of him as of Armenian origin and a son-in-law of the sultan is rejected by Osman Karatay as incompatible with the period. A poem he composed under the pen name "Yeğen Gazi," stressing that he was from Çorum, was also collected from cönks (manuscript anthologies).

İsmail Pasha's Grand Vizierate and Yeğen's Rise

The date of Siyavuş Pasha's death largely coincides with Hüsameddin's record. The ruffians besieged the grand vizier's palace on 27 Rebîülâhir (1 March 1688); the fighting continued until the next morning, and Siyavuş Pasha was killed on 28 Rebîülâhir 1099 (2 March 1688) and his palace was plundered. Chancellor İsmail Pasha, brought to the grand vizierate the same day, is from the district of Ayaş in Ankara and must have been born around 1621. He dispersed the ruffian groups in a short time; but chief among the events that ended his sixty-one-day grand vizierate was his appointing as commander on the Austrian front someone like Yeğen Osman Pasha, who had risen from ruffianism to a pashalik. While dealing with Yeğen, who also wanted the grand vizier's seal, he was dismissed on 1 Receb 1099 (2 May 1688) under the influence of his rivals; he was executed on Rhodes in May 1690.

Hüsameddin's account of the posts given to Yeğen in İsmail Pasha's time and of the offices distributed to his relatives largely agrees with Meryem Kaçan Erdoğan's study based on archival documents and chronicles. According to this study, İsmail Pasha did not go on campaign himself but made Yeğen Osman Pasha serasker, gave the Rumeli province to Yeğen's relative Deli Veli, and Yeğen had the province of Karaman obtained for his steward Kara Mustafa. The person Hüsameddin calls "his maternal uncle Boyacızâde Veliyyüddin Pasha of Amasya" must be this Deli Veli. No record that the province of Aleppo was given to Yeğen was found in the sources; instead it is written that he was given the beylerbeyilik of Rumeli and the guardianship of Belgrade, then the command in Hungary. The distribution of sanjaks to his influential men at the beginning of Receb also falls on the same days as İsmail Pasha's dismissal. The sending of Gedik Bölükbaşı to the governorship of Sivas is mentioned within the policy, under the new grand vizier Bekrî Mustafa Pasha of Tekirdağ, of dispersing ruffian leaders by giving them sanjaks.

Within this picture, the year 1688 in Amasya is the provincial mirror of the power vacuum in Istanbul. The sons, nephew and men of Yeğen Osman Pasha took over adjoining sanjaks and provinces such as Amasya, Canik, Karahisar, Çorum and Sivas at the same time; Amasya thus remained inside a region tied to the family of a bandit leader. The fire and the massacre told in the following entries are the natural result of this picture.

Bibliography

Primary sources

  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 4, p. 604–606. amasya.bel.tr

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