AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · DÖRDÜNCÜ DEVRE-İ TÂRİHİYYE

Mirza Mehmed Pasha (Second Term)

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 4, p. 610–612 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Hicabi GÜLGEN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Mutasarrıf-ı sâbıktır. 1099 senesi ramazânının beşinci günü Amasya mutasarrıfı oldu. Müteâkiben gelen emr-i âlî de Seyyid Paşa’nın Kastamonu beylerbeyi olup Rumeli Harbi’ne me’mûr olduğu ve âcilen hareket etmesi iş‘âr ve te’kîd edilmişdi.

Şevvâlin gurresinde Abdülbâkî Efendi yine Amasya kadısı oldu. Haftasında Mumcuzâde Seyyid Ahmed Paşa da ma’iyyet-i mevcûdesiyle Amasya’dan çıkıp gitdi.

Bunun üzerine Mirza Mehmed Paşa, kendisine muîn olan Amasya a‘yânının yardımıyla vak’anın müsebbibleri olan Koca Emîr Mahmûd Ağa, Saçlı Emîr Ömer Ağa, Mumcu Deli Seyyid Mustafa Ağa, Emîr Ağazâde Seyyid Halil Ağa, Seyyid İbrâhim Ağa ve sâir belli başlı adamları ve dişli zorbaları haps u tevkif ederek tahkîkâta başladı.

Türedilerle seyyidlerden çokları firâr u ihtifâ ederek yakalarını pençe-i te’dîbden kurtardılar. Bunlardan Zanalı es-Seyyid Ahmed Efendi Hicâz’a can attı. Ortaköylü es-Seyyid Abdülvehhâb Efendi ile Ilgazlı es-Seyyid Yûsuf Efendi köylerine gidip gizlendi.

Amasya Alaybeyi Rüstem Beyzâde Mustafa Bey aczinden dolayı azledilip Peçelizâde Hasan Bey Amasya alaybeyi [204] oldu. Kara Hasanzâde Zor Mustafa Bey, Amasya havâlisi muhâfızı olarak türedilere karşı bayrak açtı.

Amasya a‘yânı, hâssaten esbak Bostancıbaşı İnekçi Hüseyin Ağa, sâbık kul kethüdâsı Ömer Paşazâde Ebûbekir Ağa, kol kol olup sancağın etrafını eşkıyâdan muhafazaya me’mûr olmuşlardı.

A‘yândan Bekir Beyzâde Ömer Bey, Şamlıoğlu Rahtuvan Mehmed Ağa, Bağdatlıoğlu Kara Mehmed Ağa, Peçelizâde Hasan Bey, Kara Hasanzâde Mustafa Bey, Deli Hızır Beyzâde Kurd Mehmed Bey oldukça kuvvetli idiler.

Mutasarrıf Mirza Paşa, ma’iyyet-i mevcûdesiyle sancağı devr ü teftişe çıkıp Hacı Beyzâde Osmân Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu. “Çiğdem Beyzâdeler” denilen Ali, Osmân Ağalar kaçıp Zor Abbas Ağa’ya iltica etmişlerdi.

Amasya kethüdâyeri olan Kurşunlu Ali Ağa ve rüfekâsından olan sipâhiler İstanbul’da i’dâm edildiğinden yerine Hatîboğlu Halil Ağa Amasya kethüdâyeri olmuşdu. Halil Ağa da türedileri tenkîle me’mûr oldu.

Yine bu esnada meşâhir-i zu‘amâdan Deli Hızır Beyzâde Kurd Mehmed Bey alaybeyi vekili olarak Amasya’da kaldı. A‘yândan Türedizâde Hüseyin Ağa da Kurd Bey’e yardım etmeye me’mûren Amasya’da kalmışdı. Çünkü Amasya’da kalan kuvvet azdı.

Zilka’de evâhirinde bu halden istifade etmeye çalışan seyyidler [205] ve bunlara uyan bir takım avâm, ansızın Amasya Mahbushânesi’ne kale zindanlarına hücum ederek türedi emîrleri çıkarıp salıverdiler.

Emîrlerin mahpushâneden çıkarıldıkları halk arasında şâyî‘ oldukta bir kıyâmet daha koptu. Mütesellim Osmân, Türedizâde Hüseyin ağalarla Kurd Bey’e müsamahaları yüzünden yine kanlı bir arbede çıktı. Bu arbedeyi bastıracak kuvvet Amasya’da yoktu.

Mutasarrıf Mirza Paşa, vak’ayı derhal duyup bütün kuvvetiyle Amasya’ya geldi. Bekir Beyzâde Ömer Bey de gelip emirleri güç hâl ile tekrar elde ederek Kal’a-i Bâlâ zindanına attılar.

Fakat seyyidlere karşı zaaf ve tesâmuh gösteren Amasya Mütesellimi Osmân, alaybeyi vekili Kurd, Amasya A‘yânı Hüseyin ağalar azl u habsedildikleri gibi Kal’a-i Bâlâ Dizdârı Receb Ağa da azl u hapsedilip Hatîbzâde Halil Ağa Amasya mütesellimi ve kale kethüdâsı Osmân Ağa kale dizdârı oldu. Amasya fetvâsı, nakîb es-seyyid Mustafa Efendi’nin uhdesinden alınıp Şeyh Yâkubzâde Mustafa Efendi’ye verildi.

Sâbık Amasya Mutasarrıfı Hüseyin Paşa, birâderi Canik Mutasarrıfı Hasan Paşa, ammizâdeleri Kara Hisar-ı Şarkî Mutasarrıfı Kara İbrâhim Paşazâde Ahmed Paşa, Dayı Veli Paşazâde Mahmûd Bey, Çiğdem Beyzâde Ali ve Osmân beyler Amasya’dan çıkıp Geldiklân nâhiyesinde tertîb-i cemiyyet ederek icrâ-yı şekâvet etmeye başlamışlardı.

Bu esnada Sivas’ta Kuloğlu Zor Abbas Ağa, Çorum’da Cerîd [206] oğlu Mehmed Paşa, kuvvetli eşkıyâdan olmuşlardı. Zor Abbas Ağa, maiyetine aldığı bin nefer levendâtıyla Vâlî Gedik Mehmed Paşa’nın imdadına koşup Anadolu Müfettişi Bosnalı Topal Hüseyin Paşa’yı harben bozmuş ve öldürmüşdü.

Bundan dolayı Anadolu’ya müteaddid yerlerden müfettişler tâyin edildi. Bu müfettişlerden biri de Adana Beylerbeyi Kadızâde Hüseyin Paşa idi. Çünkü sancakların çoğu türedilerin elinde kalmış, her taraf eşkıyâ ile dolmuşdu.

Zilhiccede tâûn, Amasya’yı tedhiş edecek derecede arttı. Cenâzeleri gasl u tekfin etmeden olduğu gibi eşdikleri çukurlara defnetmeye başladılar. Çünkü kesret-i mevta, ufunet-i ecdâs herkesi şaşırtmışdı.

1100 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Amasya mutasarrıfı Mirza Mehmed Paşa, kadısı Abdülbâkî Efendi, müftüsü Şeyh Yâkûbzâde Mustafa Efendi, nakîbü’l-eşrâf kâ’im-makâmı es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi, evkâf-ı Sultâniyye mütevellîsi Bekir Beyzâde Ömer Bey, alaybeyi Peçelizâde Hasan Bey idi.

Merzifon, Köprü, Lâdik, Mecitözü, Gümüş a‘yânı da Amasya a‘yânı kadar eşkıyâyı tâkip ve tenkîl etmekte hizmet ediyorlardı. Ancak Merzifon’da menfiyyen ikâmet eden Alalalı Ömer Ağa türedilere karışdığından Peçelizâde Hasan Bey’le Merzifon a‘yânı Nuhzâde Mehmed Ağa’nın himmetleri sâyesinde tutulup hapsedildiler.

Amasya Mutasarrıfı Mirza Paşa ve a‘yân büyük fedâkârlıklar ibrâz ederek [207] Amasya’nın üç tarafını eşkıyâdan tathîr etmişlerdi. Lâdik a‘yânı Hasan Ağa da büyük hizmetler gösterdi. Yalnız Amasya’nın garp tarafında kâin Geldiklân nâhiyesi, kâmilen Bayburdluoğulları’nın ve etbâının ellerinde kalmışdı.

Safer evâilinde gelen fermân-ı âlîde seyyidlerden mahpus olan Koca Emîr Mahmûd, Saçlı Emîr Ömer, Mumcu Deli Seyyid Mustafa, Amasya Mütesellim-i Sâbık Hacı Beyzâde Osmân ve Alalalı Ömer ağaların i’dâmı ve Kurd Bey’in İstanbul’a ve Türedizâde Hüseyin Ağa’nın nefyen Tokat’a i‘zâmı emredilmişdi. Emîrlerle Osmân ve Ömer ağalar, a‘lâ melei’n-nâs salben i’dâm ve emvâl ü emlâkleri müsâdere edildikten sonra Deli Hızır Beyzâde Kurd Mehmed Bey ve Dizdâr-ı Sâbık Receb Ağa mukayyeden İstanbul’a i‘zâm edilerek Yedikule’de hapsedildi. Türedioğlu Hüseyin Ağa da ceddînin vatanı olan Tokat’a gönderilip Çardak Zindanı’na kondu.

Merzifon Voyvodası Hozatlı Mehmed Ağa, Köprü Voyvodası Çomar Ali Ağa, Lâdik Voyvodası Yeğen Hasan Ağa, Gümüş Voyvodası Hâcıköylü Cevher Ağa, Mecidözü Voyvodası Avkatlı İbrâhim Ağa, beşer yüz nefer suvârî kuvvetleriyle büyük yardımları sebk etdi.

Lâkin gitdikçe şiddetlenen kaht u galâ, tâ‘ûn u vebâ, Amasya’yı kasıb kavuruyordu; herkese olan şeyleri unutturmuş halk arasında devâm edib giden ihtilâf u nizâ‘ı kaldırıp herkesi cânı başı telâşına düşürmüşdü.

Rebîülevvelin evâhirinde Sivas’a müstevlî olan Ankaralı Gedik [208] Mehmed Paşa, müfettişler tarafından tutulub i’dâm edildiğinde Sivas eyaleti Amasya’da himmeti ve yararlığı görülen Mirzâ Mehmed Paşa’ya ve Amasya sancağı da sâbık kul kethüdâsı Mustafa Ağa’ya tevcîh edildi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He is the former governor. On the fifth day of Ramazan 1099 [July 1688] he became governor (mutasarrıf) of Amasya again. By a sultan's order that followed, it was announced that Seyyid Pasha had been assigned, as beylerbeyi of Kastamonu, to the war in Rumeli, and it was firmly demanded that he set out at once.

On the first day of Şevval Abdülbâkî Efendi became kadı (judge) of Amasya again. A week later Mumcuzâde Seyyid Ahmed Pasha also left Amasya together with the men in his retinue.

Thereupon Mirza Mehmed Pasha, with the support of the notables of Amasya who assisted him, imprisoned and arrested the persons responsible for the event, Koca Emîr Mahmud Ağa, Saçlı Emîr Ömer Ağa, Mumcu Deli Seyyid Mustafa Ağa, Emîr Ağazâde Seyyid Halil Ağa, Seyyid İbrahim Ağa and the other prominent persons and influential ruffians, and began an investigation.

Many of the upstarts and seyyids escaped punishment by fleeing and hiding. Of them Zanalı es-Seyyid Ahmed Efendi threw himself into the Hejaz. Ortaköylü es-Seyyid Abdülvehhâb Efendi and Ilgazlı es-Seyyid Yusuf Efendi went to their villages and hid.

The alaybeyi (commander of the timar-holding cavalry) of Amasya, Rüstem Beyzâde Mustafa Bey, was dismissed for his incompetence, and Peçelizâde Hasan Bey became alaybeyi of Amasya. Kara Hasanzâde Zor Mustafa Bey, as guardian of the Amasya countryside, raised the banner against the upstarts.

The notables of Amasya, in particular the former chief gardener (bostancıbaşı) İnekçi Hüseyin Ağa and the former kul kethüdası (steward of the slaves of the Porte) Ömer Paşazâde Ebubekir Ağa, divided into detachments and were charged with protecting the surroundings of the sanjak against bandits.

Among the notables Bekir Beyzâde Ömer Bey, Şamlıoğlu Rahtuvan Mehmed Ağa, Bağdatlıoğlu Kara Mehmed Ağa, Peçelizâde Hasan Bey, Kara Hasanzâde Mustafa Bey and Deli Hızır Beyzâde Kurd Mehmed Bey were quite powerful.

When Governor Mirza Pasha set out with his retinue to tour and inspect the sanjak, Hacı Beyzâde Osman Ağa became mütesellim (deputy governor) of Amasya. The ağas Ali and Osman, called the "Çiğdem Beyzâdes," had fled and taken refuge with Zor Abbas Ağa.

Since the kethüdâyeri (representative of the sipahis) of Amasya, Kurşunlu Ali Ağa, and the sipahis who were his companions were executed in Istanbul, Hatiboğlu Halil Ağa had become kethüdâyeri of Amasya in his place. Halil Ağa too was charged with punishing the upstarts.

Also at this time Deli Hızır Beyzâde Kurd Mehmed Bey, one of the well-known zeamet holders, remained in Amasya as acting alaybeyi. Türedizâde Hüseyin Ağa, one of the notables, had also remained in Amasya with the task of assisting Kurd Bey. For the force remaining in Amasya was small.

At the end of Zilkade, the seyyids who tried to take advantage of this situation, and a part of the people who followed them, suddenly attacked the prison of Amasya, that is, the fortress dungeons, and took out the upstart emirs and set them free.

When it spread among the people that the emirs had been taken out of prison, another Day of Judgment broke out. Because of the connivance of the ağas Osman the mütesellim and Türedizâde Hüseyin and of Kurd Bey, a bloody brawl broke out again. There was no force in Amasya to suppress this brawl.

Governor Mirza Pasha heard of the event at once and came to Amasya with all his force. Bekir Beyzâde Ömer Bey also came, and they recaptured the emirs with difficulty and threw them into the dungeon of the Upper Fortress.

But as the mütesellim of Amasya, Osman, who had shown weakness and leniency toward the seyyids, the acting alaybeyi Kurd, and the ağas Hüseyin of the notables of Amasya were dismissed and imprisoned, so too the commander of the Upper Fortress, Receb Ağa, was dismissed and imprisoned; Hatibzâde Halil Ağa became mütesellim of Amasya, and the fortress steward Osman Ağa became fortress commander. The muftiship of Amasya was taken from the hands of the naqib es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi and given to Şeyh Yâkubzâde Mustafa Efendi.

The former governor of Amasya, Hüseyin Pasha, his brother Hasan Pasha, governor of Canik, their cousin Ahmed Pasha, son of Kara İbrahim Pasha and governor of Karahisâr-ı Şarkî, their maternal uncle Veli Pasha's son Mahmud Bey, and the beys Çiğdem Beyzâde Ali and Osman had left Amasya, gathered men in the district (nahiye) of Geldiklân and begun to commit banditry.

At this time Kuloğlu Zor Abbas Ağa in Sivas and Ceridoğlu Mehmed Pasha in Çorum had become powerful bandit leaders. Zor Abbas Ağa, with the thousand levends he took into his retinue, rushed to the aid of Governor Gedik Mehmed Pasha, routed in battle the inspector of Anatolia, Topal Hüseyin Pasha of Bosnia, and killed him.

For this reason inspectors were appointed to Anatolia from many places. One of these inspectors was the beylerbeyi of Adana, Kadızâde Hüseyin Pasha. For most of the sanjaks had remained in the hands of the upstarts and everywhere was full of bandits.

In Zilhicce the plague increased to the point of throwing Amasya into terror. They began burying the dead as they were, without washing and shrouding them, in pits they dug. For the number of the dead and the stench of the corpses had thrown everyone into bewilderment.

On the first day of Muharrem 1100 [October 1688] the governor of Amasya was Mirza Mehmed Pasha, its kadı Abdülbâkî Efendi, its mufti Şeyh Yâkubzâde Mustafa Efendi, the deputy of the naqib al-ashraf es-Seyyid Mustafa Efendi, the administrator of the Sultan Bayezid waqfs Bekir Beyzâde Ömer Bey, and the alaybeyi Peçelizâde Hasan Bey.

The notables of Merzifon, Köprü, Lâdik, Mecitözü and Gümüş served as much as the notables of Amasya in pursuing and punishing the bandits. Only Alalalı Ömer Ağa, who lived in Merzifon in exile, had mingled with the upstarts and, thanks to the efforts of Peçelizâde Hasan Bey and Nuhzâde Mehmed Ağa of the notables of Merzifon, was caught and imprisoned.

Governor Mirza Pasha and the notables, showing great sacrifices, had cleared three sides of Amasya of bandits. Hasan Ağa of the notables of Lâdik also rendered great services. Only the district of Geldiklân, on the west side of Amasya, had remained entirely in the hands of the Bayburdluoğlus and their men.

In a sultan's decree arriving at the beginning of Safer, it was ordered that the imprisoned seyyids Koca Emîr Mahmud, Saçlı Emîr Ömer, Mumcu Deli Seyyid Mustafa, the former mütesellim of Amasya Hacı Beyzâde Osman, and the ağa Ömer of Alalı be executed, that Kurd Bey be sent to Istanbul and Türedizâde Hüseyin Ağa be sent in exile to Tokat. The emirs and the ağas Osman and Ömer were hanged and executed before the eyes of the people and their property was confiscated; then Deli Hızır Beyzâde Kurd Mehmed Bey and the former commander Receb Ağa were sent bound to Istanbul and imprisoned at Yedikule. Türedioğlu Hüseyin Ağa was also sent to Tokat, his grandfather's homeland, and put in the Çardak Dungeon.

The voivodes of Merzifon, Hozatlı Mehmed Ağa; of Köprü, Çomar Ali Ağa; of Lâdik, Yeğen Hasan Ağa; of Gümüş, Hacıköylü Cevher Ağa; and of Mecitözü, Avkatlı İbrahim Ağa, with their cavalry forces of five hundred men each, gave great help.

However, the famine and high prices growing ever more severe, and the plague and epidemic, were ravaging Amasya; they had made everyone forget what had befallen them, had removed the discord and quarrel that had continued among the people, and had thrown everyone into fear for their lives.

At the end of Rebiülevvel, when Gedik Mehmed Pasha of Ankara, who had seized Sivas, was caught by the inspectors and executed, the province of Sivas was given to Mirza Mehmed Pasha, whose effort and usefulness had been seen in Amasya, and the sanjak of Amasya to the former kul kethüdası Mustafa Ağa.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • iş'âr ve te'kîd: notifying and insisting
  • muîn: helper
  • haps u tevkif: imprisonment and arrest
  • pençe-i te'dîb: the claw of punishment
  • acz: powerlessness, incompetence
  • devr ü teftiş: touring and inspecting
  • zu'amâ: zeamet holders, sipahis with large fiefs
  • tesâmuh: connivance, leniency
  • tertîb-i cemiyyet: gathering men
  • levendât: paid irregular soldiers
  • gasl u tekfîn: washing and shrouding the dead; kesret-i mevta: the number of the dead; ufunet-i ecsâd: the putrefaction of corpses
  • menfiyyen: in exile
  • tathîr: cleansing
  • a'lâ melei'n-nâs salben: hanging before the eyes of the people
  • mukayyeden i'zâm: sending bound
  • voyvoda: an administrator who collects the taxes of a district (kaza) or subdistrict (nahiye) and is responsible for its public order
  • süvârî: cavalry soldier
  • müstevlî: one who seizes by force

Mirza Mehmed Pasha's Second Governorship

The sending of Mirza Mehmed Pasha to Amasya for the second time coincides with the months in which the state declared general mobilization against Yeğen Osman Pasha and his men. On 31 December 1688 the government, regarding Yeğen as a "traitor to religion and state," sent decrees to officials in Anatolia and Rumeli for the removal of both him and his man Gedik Pasha, who governed Sivas, and the other upstarts, and abolished the serçeşme post and the sarıca-sekban troops that it regarded as the source of banditry. What Hüsameddin describes, the notables of Amasya going out in detachments together with the voivodes to pursue bandits, is the local application of this policy. As for Mirza Mehmed Pasha's person, no information was found in other sources.

Gedik Mehmed Pasha and the End of Ceridoğlu

According to Hüsameddin, Gedik Mehmed Pasha of Ankara, who held Sivas, was caught by the inspectors and executed at the end of Rebiülevvel 1100 (January 1689). Sources on general Ottoman history also write that the Beylerbeyi of Sivas Gedik Mehmed Pasha, one of Yeğen Osman Pasha's comrades in Anatolia, and Ceridoğlu, at the head of the sanjak of Çorum, were removed at this time. How Ceridoğlu was killed Hüsameddin tells in the next entry.

The information that Zor Abbas Ağa killed "Topal Hüseyin Pasha of Bosnia" with his thousand levends could not be verified with other sources. Since a Topal Hüseyin Pasha with the same epithet is known to have served in 1690 at the siege of Osijek and in 1692 as serasker of Belgrade and beylerbeyi of Aleppo, the person Hüsameddin speaks of is either another Hüseyin Pasha or there is a confusion in the record.

The District of Geldiklân

Geldiklân, the last refuge of the Bayburdluoğlus, is an old subdistrict (nahiye) and district (kaza) covering the western part of the sanjak of Amasya. According to Sabit Genç's study based on archival documents, its center today is Ortaköy, attached to central Amasya. It is noted that its name comes from Baygeldi Bey, of the Afşar tribe of the Khwarezmian Turks, and his clan settling here in the early period of the Danishmendids, and that it was called first "Baygeldi Alan" (Baygeldi's farm), then "Geldi Alan" and finally "Geldiklân." The name is read as "Geldigelen" in some documents and studies; this pronunciation is also more common among the people. At times the region was made a nahiye together with its neighbor Veray or separately. That Ortaköylü es-Seyyid Abdülvehhâb Efendi, named in the previous entry, was also from this area helps us understand why the seyyids and upstarts were drawn to Geldiklân.

Plague and Funerals

Hüsameddin's writing that in Zilhicce 1099 (September-October 1688) plague ravaged Amasya and that the dead were buried in pits without being washed and shrouded resembles testimonies from other cities of the period. In a diary kept in Istanbul in the same year it is recorded that because of the number of those dead of plague there was no room left in the cemeteries, and that funeral prayers were performed one after another during the day for six persons, most of them children. No other record of this epidemic was found for Amasya. The Amasya sharia court register of 1100-1101 belonging to this period has not yet been examined in detail.

Yedikule and Tokat

That some of those punished were imprisoned in Istanbul at Yedikule and some in Tokat in the "Çardak Dungeon" shows that the state regarded the conflict in Amasya not as a local quarrel but as a public-order matter in which the center intervened directly. No information about the Çardak Dungeon in Tokat was found in other sources.

Bibliography

Primary sources

  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 4, p. 610–612. amasya.bel.tr

Academic studies

Volume 4 contents

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