Amasya‘nın civâr-ı garbîsinde Yağmurköyü demekle meşhûr karye ahâlisinden Ali mahdûmudur. Amasya’da hıfz-ı Kur’ân edib kibâr-ı fuzalâdan Şeyhü’l-Harem el-Hâc Sinan ve Bahşîzâde Fâzıl Yahya, Müeyyedzâde Pîrî Ahmed Efendilerden tahsîl-i ulûm ve iktisâb-ı fezâil etdi.
Uzun müddet Amasya‘da ders-i âm olarak neşr-i ulûma çalışdı. Medâris-i mu’tâdeyi devrederek 1036 senesi saferinde yevmî altmış vazîfe ile Hızır Paşa müderrisi ve mütekâid olduğu halde 1038 senesi zilhiccesinde dâr-ı naime rihlet etdi.
Meşâhir-i ulemâdan fâzıl, fakîh, vâiz, sâlih bir pîr-i kâmil idi. Mahdûmları Abdurrahman, Mehmed Efendilerdir. [133] Abdurrahman Efendizâde İsmâil Efendi mevâlîdendir.
In Modern English
He was the son of Ali, from among the people of the village known as Yağmurköy, in the western surroundings of Amasya. He memorized the Qur'an in Amasya; among great scholars, from Şeyhülharem Hâc Sinan, Bahşîzâde Fâzıl Yahya and Müeyyedzâde Pîrî Ahmed Efendi, he learned the sciences and gained virtues.
For a long time he worked in Amasya to spread learning by giving general lectures. After going in turn through the customary madrasas, in Safar 1036 [1626] he became professor of the Hızır Paşa Madrasa with a daily stipend of sixty [akçe] and retired with the rank of that madrasa; he died in Dhu al-Hijja 1038 [1629].
He was among the famous scholars, a learned man, a jurist, a preacher and a pious, mature old sage. His sons are Abdurrahman and Mehmed Efendi. Abdurrahman Efendi's son İsmâil Efendi belongs to the mevâlî [higher ulema] class.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- civâr-ı garbî: western surroundings
- karye: village
- ahâli: people, inhabitants
- hıfz-ı Kur'ân: memorizing the Qur'an
- kibâr-ı fuzalâ: great scholars
- iktisâb-ı fezâil: acquiring virtues and learning
- neşr-i ulûm: spreading learning
- medâris-i mu'tâde: customary, ordinary madrasas
- vazîfe: daily allowance paid in return for a post
- mütekâid: retired
- dâr-ı naîm: abode of bliss, paradise; here, to die
- pîr-i kâmil: mature, elderly sage
- mevâlî: the higher ulema class
Yağmurköy
Yağmurköy is today recorded as a village named Yağmur in the central district of Amasya, with a population given as 103 in 2021. Its name also appears in a list of villages of the central district of Amasya. Hüsameddin places the village "in the western surroundings of Amasya"; that it is the same as the modern village rests on the sameness of the name, and its location has not been verified in these sources. The name of Yağmurköylü İsmâil Efendi appears in the first volume of the book when the scholars Amasya produced in the eleventh hijri (seventeenth) century are listed: among them "Yağmurköylü İsmâ'îl, Hocazâde Abdullah, Ca'ferzâde el-Hâc Hızır, Uzun Müderris Mehmed, Çorumlu el-Hâc Ömer". In the fourth volume, too, when the scholars of Amasya around 1017 are listed, "Yağmur Köylü İsmâil Efendi" and "Kadızâde Küçük Mehmed Efendi" are mentioned side by side.
His Teachers and Pupils
Among İsmâil Efendi's teachers, Şeyhülharem Hâc Sinan is known as the author of the Tebyînü'l-Mehârim; another İsmâil Efendi, mentioned in a different entry of the book (İsmâil Efendi-Müderris Abdîzâde), also studied under the same teacher. Müeyyedzâde Pîrî Ahmed Efendi is counted among the "great ulema" in the fourth volume and is mentioned as the son of Yahya Çelebi. No detail was found in the sources read on Bahşîzâde Yahya Efendi.
The pupils who studied under İsmâil Efendi are also recorded in the book. Ayâs Efendi-Hacı Müderris studied under Kadızâde Küçük Mehmed and Yağmurköylü İsmâil Efendi, became professor at the Ayâs Ağa Madrasa in 1047, and died in 1059. Gürcü İmâm el-Hâc Hasan Efendi, while residing at the Sultan Bayezid Madrasa, took the sciences of usûl, tafsir and hadith from Kadızâde Küçük Mehmed, Yağmurköylü İsmâil and the Zile-born hadith scholar Abdurrahmân Efendi; in 1028 he became professor at the Atabeg. Mevlânâ Kâtibî Hasan Efendi, of the line of Fağfûr Pasha, studied under İsmâil Efendi and in 1043 went from a professorship at the Atabeg to kassâm-ı askerî and then to the judgeship of Amasya. Hâcezâde Remzî Abdullah Efendi was a poet and professor who died in 1063. Şeyh Muslihzâde Sa'dullâh Efendi died in 1067. These records show that İsmâil Efendi's name appears among the teachers of a generation of professors stretching from the 1020s to the 1060s.
The Hızır Paşa Madrasa
The Hızır Paşa Madrasa, the last stop of İsmâil Efendi's career, is among the works of the Yörgüç Pasha family, who governed Amasya in the fifteenth century. Hızır Pasha (d. 1466), brother of Yörgüç Pasha, had a complex of a zawiya, madrasa and imaret built in Amasya, a mosque and tekke in Samsun, and a madrasa in Sonusa. The three waqfs in Amasya were founded in 870 [1465], and posts such as müderris and muîd were created for the needs of the madrasa and mosque. In front of the tomb in the complex of Hızır Pasha's son Mehmed Pasha, the first grave in the cemetery belongs to Hızır Pasha. Hüsameddin touches on this madrasa in other entries as well: Kal'alı Hoca İbrâhim Efendi became professor at the madrasas of Kâsım Bey in Hakala and Hızır Pasha in Amasya, and then moved to the Büyük Ağa Madrasa. The standing of the "sixty per day" stipend at the Hızır Paşa Madrasa within the arrangements of seventeenth-century Amasya could not be found in the sources read.
Learned Posts Passed Down by Inheritance
By mentioning İsmâil Efendi's sons and grandson, the text points to the continuity of the family. In the first volume, in the account of how the Amasya ulema functioned, a "principle of inheritance" (usûl-i verâset) is mentioned as having been laid down in 1004 [1595-96]: under this practice, the scholarly posts of a father were given to the son who held a certificate at the time of his father's death, which encouraged the children of scholars to study but limited the growth of the madrasas. Hüsameddin probably tells the career of the grandson in the text in a separate entry: İsmâil Efendi, son of Yağmurköylü el-Hâc İsmâilzâde Abdurrahman Efendi, studied under his grandfather and Kadızâde Küçük Mehmed Efendi; in 1067 he became professor at the Yörgüç Paşa, in 1070 at the Sultan Bayezid madrasas, in Rajab 1071 mufti of Amasya, and was dismissed in Safar 1072; he later served in Tokat and Sivas. These records show that the same scholarly profession continued inside the family for three generations.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 304. amasya.bel.tr
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, vol. 1, pp. 155–160 (Mukaddime, scholars of Amasya); vol. 4, pp. 536–540 (Mehmed Paşa) and p. 541 (Mahmûd Bey); vol. 6, p. 37 (İbrâhim Efendi-Kal'alı Hoca); vol. 7, p. 306 (İsmâil Efendi-Yağmûrîzâde el-Hâc) and p. 379 (Ayâs Efendi-Hacı Müderris); vol. 8, pp. 597–598 (Hasan Efendi-Gürcü İmâm; Hasan Efendi-Mevlânâ Kâtibî); vol. 10, p. 228 and p. 261.
Academic studies
Other sources
- "Yağmur, Amasya", Wikipedia (English), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yağmur,_Amasya
- "Amasya Amasya Merkez'in Mahalleleri, Nüfus Bilgileri, Haritalar ve İstatistikler", Atlas BIG, online.
- Mustafa Çağhan Keskin, "Foundations and Real Estates of Yorguc Pasha Family Through The Ottoman Endowment System", 22nd Annual European Real Estate Society Conference, Istanbul, 2015.