Amasyalıdır. Hacı Hamza Mahallesi a’yânından Hasan Çelebi bin Hüseyin Şâh bin (bint) Es’ad Şâh bin Mes’ud Çelebi bin Hâce Sultân Şemseddîn Ahmed Çelebi mahdûmudur. Meşhûr Sefer Şâh’ın yeğenidir.
Sipâhi olup Lehistân harbinde ibrâz-ı şecâat ederek terakkî gördü. Ba’dehû mükerreren Amasya kethüdâyeri olarak [135] teayyün edib Çolak Hüseyin Paşa kethüdâsı, 1051 senesi recebinde Amasya Sancâgı mütesellimi oldu. 1052’de yine kethüdâyeri, 1053 saferinde sâniyen Amasya mütesellimi oldu.
1053 senesi şa’bânında Girit harbine me’mûr olup orada yararlıkları görüldüğünden sipâhiler kethüdâsı, 1055’de sipâhiler ağası, 1057 senesi evâ’ilinde Kefe Beylerbeyi oldu. İki yıl kadar Kefe’de ikâmet ve Kırım ahvâline nezâret edib 1058 senesi zilhiccesinde vefât etdi.
Yardımoğlu demekle meşhûr, şecî’, müdebbir, şedîd bir zât idi. Mahdûmu Veli Bey, Hâce Sultân vakfına mütevellî olup kâh ma’zûl, kâh mansûb bir halde bilâ-veled vefât eyledi. Vakfa Zanalı es-Seyyid el-Hâc Ahmed Efendi ve evlâdı mütevellî oldu.
In Modern English
He was from Amasya. He was the son of Hasan Çelebi, one of the notables of the Hacı Hamza Neighborhood; Hasan Çelebi was the son of Hüseyin Şâh; Hüseyin Şâh was the son of [the daughter of] Es'ad Şâh; Es'ad Şâh was the son of Mes'ud Çelebi, who in turn was the son of Hâce Sultân Şemseddîn Ahmed Çelebi. He was the nephew of the famous Sefer Şâh.
He became a sipahi and rose by showing valor in the war with Poland. Afterwards he was repeatedly appointed Amasya kethüdâyeri; he became kethüda to Çolak Hüseyin Pasha and in Rajab 1051 [1641] deputy governor of the Sanjak of Amasya. In 1052 [1642-43] he was again kethüdâyeri, and in Safar 1053 [1643] deputy governor of Amasya for the second time.
In Shaban 1053 [1643] he was assigned to the war on Crete; since his services there were noted, he became sipahiler kethüdası, in 1055 [1645] sipahiler ağası, and at the beginning of 1057 [1647] governor of Kefe. After staying about two years in Kefe and overseeing the affairs of Crimea, he died in Dhu al-Hijja 1058 [1648-49].
He was famous as "Yardımoğlu", brave, prudent and severe. His son Veli Bey became trustee of the Hâce Sultân waqf and, dismissed and reappointed by turns, died without children. Zanalı Seyyid el-Hâc Ahmed Efendi and his descendants became trustees of the waqf.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- a'yân: notables of a town
- bint: daughter
- sipâhi: mounted soldier holding a timar
- Lehistân harbi: war with Poland
- ibrâz-ı şecâat: showing valor
- kethüdâyeri: official who stood in for the kethüda in the sanjak, a step before the mütesellim
- mütesellim: deputy of a sanjak bey
- sipâhîler kethüdâsı, sipâhîler ağası: heads of the sipahi divisions of the kapıkulu troops
- Beylerbeyi: provincial governor
- nezâret: oversight, supervision
- şecî', müdebbir, şedîd: brave, prudent, severe
- bilâ-veled: childless
- ma'zûl, mansûb: dismissed, appointed
- mütevellî: the person who administers a waqf
The Hâce Sultân Family and the Yardımoğulları
Hâce Sultân Şemseddîn Ahmed Çelebi, at the head of İsmâil Pasha's line, is in Hüsameddin's account the founder of the zawiya in the Hacı Hamza Neighborhood. In the third volume, in the account of Prince Ahmed's time, it is written that he died in 887 [1482] and was buried in front of the zawiya he had built. The entry Ahmed Efendi-Şemseddîn in the sixth volume gives, as "sheikh of the Hâce Sultân zawiya", a chain of sheikhs descended from the Halveti sheikh Cemâleddîn Mehmed. It appears that in this family the Hâce Sultân Tekke was run through sheikhship and the waqf through trusteeship.
According to the entry Es'ad Şâh Çelebi-Yardım Çelebi in the seventh volume, Es'ad Şâh was the son of Mes'ud Şâh, son of Hâce Sultân, who built the zawiya above the Hacı Hamza Neighborhood; when his father died he became trustee of his grandfather's waqf and was counted among the notables of Amasya. Because in the event of 940 [1533-34] he helped and gave banquets for those who hastened to put down the Shi'is, he was called "Yardım Çelebi" [Aid Çelebi]; it is told that Kanuni rewarded him with a heavy zeamet, and he died in 953 [1546-47]. His daughter's son was Hüseyin Şâh; his grandson was Sefer Şâh. This line was called "Yardımoğulları". The entry Şâh Hüseyin Çelebi-Yardımzâde of the same family introduces Hüseyin Şâh as a calligrapher who grew up in the palace of the governor of Amasya, Prince Mustafa, and wrote a fine hand; after the Prince's killing in 960 [1553] he stayed in exile for about a year and a half, was pardoned when Kanuni came to Amasya, was given a zeamet, and became trustee of the Hâce Sultân zawiya waqf. He is said to have died after 1000. His sons were Sefer Şâh and İskender Şâh; İskender Şâh died childless, while Sefer Şâh joined the rebels, and so "his whole line was cut off". There is a small difference here: İsmâil Pasha's text gives him as the nephew of Sefer Şâh and his father Hasan Çelebi as the son of Hüseyin Şâh, while the Şâh Hüseyin Çelebi entry names only two sons of Hüseyin Şâh, Sefer Şâh and İskender Şâh. Whether Hüseyin Şâh was the son of Es'ad Şâh or his daughter's son also varies within the book itself (the "(bint)" note in the text shows that he was the daughter's son).
The name Sefer Şâh appears in the third volume of the book in Amasya in the Celâlî period: among the chiefs of Deli Zülfikâr Bey, whom the rebels made bey of Amasya in 1011 [1602-03], "Yardımoğlu Sefer Ağa, the sipahi famous as 'Sefer Şâh'" is counted; and in 1013, when the names of those who attacked Karahisar are given, "Yardımoğlu Sefer Şâh" is also mentioned. His nephew İsmâil Pasha, for his part, followed a state career stretching from the war in Poland to Crete.
The Deputy Governorship in Amasya
İsmâil Pasha's dates as deputy governor are also recorded in the fourth volume of the book. In Rajab 1051 İsmâil Ağa, kethüda of the mutasarrıf Hüseyin Pasha, became deputy governor of Amasya; the mutasarrıf Çolak Hüseyin Pasha was appointed to Amasya in Safar 1050 and was an Amasya man called by this nickname because his arm was crippled in the Baghdad war. In Dhu al-Hijja 1052, when Şemsi Paşazâde Ahmed Pasha became mutasarrıf of the Sanjak of Amasya, "İsmâil Ağa, from the famous sipahis, became kethüdâyeri". In Safar 1053, when the mutasarrıf Ahmed Pasha was sent to the Cretan war, the kethüdâyeri İsmâil Ağa became deputy governor of Amasya; at the beginning of Shaban the deputy governor İsmâil Ağa also went to the Cretan war, and Şâtır Ali Ağa became deputy of the deputy. These records confirm the sequence in the text exactly.
The War on Crete and the Dating
The war on Crete began in 1055 [1645] when the Ottoman army landed near Hanya and took the fortress of Hanya after a siege of fifty-four days; it was prolonged because Venice closed the Dardanelles, and it ended only after Fâzıl Ahmed Pasha was sent to the island in 1666, with the surrender agreement concerning Candia on 9 Rabi' II 1080 [6 September 1669]. The places the Ottomans took on the island were organized as a province from 1647, and after the capture of Candia Ankebüt Ahmed Pasha was appointed its governor. Hüsameddin places the departure for the Cretan war in 1053 [1643-44], both in this entry and in the fourth volume. Since according to the sources read the war began in 1055, the date 1053 in the book appears to be a year or two early. In another place in the book (vol. 4, p. 569), it is written that in Muharram 1055 brigands multiplied around Amasya because of the Cretan war. The reason for this contradiction may be the source Hüsameddin used or a copyist's error; which it is could not be verified. Ankebüt Ahmed Pasha's tie to Amasya is also in the book: he is mentioned in the fourth volume as mutasarrıf of Amasya, and in the sixth volume as a benefactor with mosques and schools in Resmo.
Kefe
Kefe, İsmâil Pasha's last place of service, came under Ottoman rule in Fâtih's time through the expedition Gedik Ahmed Pasha made with a fleet; from then on it became the main base of the Ottoman northern policy and the city that took the greatest role in the constant supervision of the Crimean Khanate and the conduct of Ottoman-Russian relations. In the seventeenth century it was frequently exposed to Cossack and Russian attacks, and the fortress walls were strengthened several times. Hüsameddin's expression "oversight of Crimean affairs" agrees with this regional duty. Elsewhere in the book several Kefe governors connected with Amasya are also mentioned: Tâceddîn Pasha, from Prince Ahmed's circle, became governor of Kefe in 905, and Çakalzâde Mehmed Pasha was given the governorship of Kefe for his service in the Karayazıcı revolt and then moved to the administration of the Sanjak of Amasya.
The Hâce Sultân Waqf and Its Trustees
The text says that İsmâil Pasha's son Veli Bey became trustee of the waqf and, dismissed and reappointed, died childless, and that the waqf then passed to Zanalı Seyyid el-Hâc Ahmed Efendi and his descendants. The entry Zanalı el-Hâc Ahmed Efendi in the sixth volume confirms this: Ahmed Efendi became trustee of the Hâce Sultân Tekke waqf in 1093, professor at the Atabeg in 1095, went to the Hejaz after being implicated in the Emirs' affair of 1099, and escaped prosecution. Of the sheikhs of the Hâce Sultân Tekke, around 1017 the fourth volume mentions Resûl Efendi as "sheikh of the Hoca Sultân Tekke"; it is likely that this person is the father of İsmâil Efendi-Resûlzâde, treated in the next entry. No other information was found in the sources read on Veli Bey.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 305. amasya.bel.tr
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, vol. 3, pp. 480–485 (Sultân Ahmed 1), pp. 524–525 and p. 526 (Deli Zülfikâr Bey; İbrâhim Bey); vol. 4, pp. 536–540, p. 566 (Hüseyin Paşa), p. 567 (Ahmed Paşa), p. 569 (Ebûbekir Bey); vol. 6, p. 159 (Ahmed Efendi-Şemseddîn), p. 175 (Ahmed Paşa-Ankebût) and p. 192 (Ahmed Efendi-Zanalı el-Hâc); vol. 7, p. 290 (Es'ad Şâh Çelebi-Yardım Çelebi); vol. 11, p. 373 (Şâh Hüseyin Çelebi-Yardımzâde).
Academic studies