Mu'îneddîn Pervâne Bey'in birâderi Kutbeddîn Osmân Bey'in mahdûmu olup pervâne-i sultânî iken 691 evâ'ilinde Amasya vâlîsi olmuş ve kendisi Konya'da bulunduğu münâsebetle tarafından Halifetzâde Celâleddîn Mehmed Bey vâlî kâ'im-makâmı olarak kalmış idi.
Moğol hükümdârı Geyhatu Hân mezâlim ve rezâ'il-i şenî'a irtikâbına pek düşkün olarak nefret-i umûmiyyeyi kazanmış olduğu cihetle 693 senesi cumadelâhiresinin dördüncü günü hal' ve katl olundukdan sonra taht-ı İlhânî'ye Baydu Hân bin Turagay bin Hülâgu Hân iclâs edilmiş ve Baydu Hân dahi ammizâdesi olup çokdan beri Amasya'da ikâmet eden Cumûdâr (Cimûdâr) Hân bin Yoşemut bin Hülâgu Hân'ı Anadolu nâzırı nasb etmekle vâlî kâ'im-makâmı olan Celâleddîn Mehmed Bey Amasya vâlîliğine ta'yîn olunmuşdur.
In Modern English
He was the son of Kutbeddin Osman Bey, brother of Muînüddîn Pervâne Bey. While pervane of the sultan (the high official in charge of seal and correspondence), he became governor of Amasya in early 691 [1291-92]. Since he himself was in Konya, Halifetzâde Celâleddin Mehmed Bey remained in his place as deputy governor.
Because the Mongol ruler Geyhatu Han was much given to oppression and ugly deeds, he had earned everyone's hatred. After he was deposed and killed on the fourth day of the month of Cumâdelâhire 693 [1293-94], Baydu Han, grandson of Hülâgu Han and son of Turagay, was seated on the Ilkhanid throne. Baydu Han in turn appointed Cumûdâr (Cimûdâr) Han, his cousin, who had long lived in Amasya and was the son of Yoşemut, son of Hülâgu Han, nâzır (inspector) of Anatolia. Thereupon Celâleddin Mehmed Bey, the deputy governor, was appointed governor of Amasya.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- pervâne-i sultânî: the sultan's pervane; the senior official who carried the seal in the sultan's name and conducted correspondence and financial affairs
- vâlî kâ'im-makâmı: deputy governor
- mezâlim ve rezâ'il-i şenî'a: oppressions and ugly, evil deeds
- hal' ve katl: deposing and killing
- iclâs: seating on the throne
- ammizâde: cousin (son of a paternal uncle)
- nâzır: inspector; here the senior official overseeing the Mongol administration in Anatolia on behalf of the Ilkhanids
- nasb: appointment
The Pervâne Family and Amasya
İzzeddin Muhammed Pervâne Bey, named in the entry, is the nephew of the Anatolian Seljuk statesman Muînüddin Süleyman Pervâne. Muînüddin Süleyman Pervâne, with the permission of the Ilkhanid ruler Abaka, took Sinop back from Greek rule at Trebizond in 1266 and increased his influence by this success. His son Muînüddin Mehmed, after his father was put to death by Abaka, declared independence in 1277 and founded the Pervâneoğulları Principality. The family had the Great Mosque and a madrasa built in Sinop; these buildings of the Pervâneoğulları period survive today.
Their relations with Amasya begin in this entry, as far as Hüsameddin relates. No written source other than Hüsameddin was found on this governorship; only in later entries is the administration of Amasya in this period seen.
The End of Geyhatu and a Difference of Date
Hüsameddin gives the date of Geyhatu's killing as Cumâdelâhire 693. According to the encyclopedia entry, Geyhatu was defeated by Baydu near Hamadan, fled to Mugan, was captured, and was executed on 6 Cemâziyelevvel 694 (24 March 1295). That is, the date in the book is about a year early; the order of events, however, is the same. According to the same source, under Geyhatu the people were under the pressure of Ilkhanid officials who oppressed them to collect the money needed because of the ruler's extravagance, and in 1294 the issuing of paper money (chao) halted trade and was abandoned after a few months. The atmosphere of "general hatred" that Hüsameddin mentions can be considered together with this financial distress.
The Mummies in the Amasya Museum
One of the eight mummies displayed in the Amasya Museum is attributed to İzzeddin Muhammed Pervâne Bey, named in this entry; according to museum officials, in the same section are the mummies of his wife and children, of the Anatolian nâzır Prince Cumûdâr and of the emir of Amasya İşboğa Noyin. It is noted that the mummies were kept until 1855 in the tomb section of the Burmalı Minare Mosque, and that in an examination by foreign experts in 2003 it was understood that the children died of illness while Cumûdâr and İşboğa were killed by strangling. These rulers whom Hüsameddin lists, that is, Cumûdâr and Pervâne Bey, can today be seen side by side in the museum.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 2, p. 368–368. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
Other sources