Takrîben 676 senesi muharreminde Amasya'yı zabt edib sûreten Gıyâseddîn Keyhusrev tarafından üçüncü def'a Amasya vâlîsi olmuşdur. Hâlbuki Moğol hükümdârı Abaka Hân, bir tarafdan Konya tarafı nâzırı olup Aladağ kurbünde mukîm olan Gökçe Bahâdır Noyin'e Mu'îneddîn Pervâne Bey'i i'dâm etmesi emrini veriyor, diğer tarafdan Konya ve Amasya'dan Karamânîler'i ve Kunduzlar'ı çıkarmak için Koko Noyin ve Tedavun Noyin kumandalarında kırk bine karîb Tatar askeri gönderiyor, bunlara dahi Torumtay'ı i'dâm etmelerini emr ediyordu.
Ikdu'l-Cümân ve Târîh-i El-Melikü'z-Zâhir Baybars'da mezkûr olduğu üzere Konya nâzırı Gökçe Bahâdır Noyin, vârid olan emr üzerine Mu'îneddîn Süleyman Pervâne ve kethüdâsı Seyfeddîn Yağmur bin Alakuş ve çavuşbaşı Seyfeddîn Alakuş ve çâşnîgîr başı Necmeddîn Mengü Bars Beyler'i Aladağ'a celb ederek 676 senesi muharreminin on altıncı günü i'dâm ve Pervâne Bey'in köleleri diğer Seyfeddîn Sencer ve Bedreddîn Bektût Beyler Mısır'a firâr etmişlerdir.
Amasya vâlîsi Seyfeddîn Torumtay bu esnâda Tatar askerinin Erzurum'a vusûlünü ve me'mûriyetlerini haber aldıkda derhâl ordu kumandanlarını, istikbâl etmek üzere Erzincan'a gidip orada Koku ve [416] Tedavun Noyinler'e takdîm-i hedâyâ ve izhâr-ı müdârâ ederek Noyinler'i te'mîn ve hayâtını tahlîs etmeğe muvaffak olmuşdur.
Koku Noyin, Amasya vâlîsi Torumtay'ın taksîrâtı olmadığını ve sadâkatı der-kâr olduğunu Abaka Hân'a i'lâm ve afvını istirhâm eylediğine binâ'en Seyfeddîn Torumtay Amasya vâlîliğinde ibkâ ve Anadolu nezâretine hânedân-ı Cengizî'den Kangırtay (Kongurtay) nâmında birini nasb ve irsâl etmişdir.
Kongurtay 676 senesi evâ'ilinde Amasya'ya gelip şimdiki Varay kasabası civârında ikâmet etdiği ve burada cesîm bir çiftliği olduğu zann olunur. Çünkü Varay Hâtun bunun kızı olup bundan torunu Acaytu Sultân olduğu kayden mezkûr ve Ece Sultân'ın Varay kasabasında vakfı ve Ece Sultân oğulları pek meşhûr ve Varay önünde ırmak kenârında kayden Kongur Alanı ve el-yevm Konur Alanı demekle müsemmâ bir karye mevcûd olduğu bu zannı tevlîd ve takviye etmekdedir.
676'da Abaka Hân'ın nezdinde bulunan İzzeddîn İbik Baba Hânkâh-ı Mes'ûdî şeyhi olarak Amasya'ya avdet edib zâviye-i mezkûre tekrâr küşâd edildi. Kezâlik Fahreddîn Alî bin Hüseyn el-Konevî sâhib-i a'zam ve Mu'izzeddîn Alî bin Baba İlyâs Horasânî pervâne ve nâib-i saltanat ve birâderi Hâce Ziyâ'eddîn Mes'ûd bin Baba müstevfi'l-memâlik ve İzzeddîn Muhammed Bey beylerbeyi ve sâbıkân nişâncı olan İzzeddîn Muhammed bin Mu'îneddîn Pervâne Bey dahi Sinop emîri olmuşdur. [417]
Kırım hükümdârı Mengü Temir Hân'ın yanında mukîm olan Sultân İzzeddîn Keykâvus, Bahçesarây'da 677 senesi evâ'ilinde vefât etmekle zevcesi Orbay Hâtun binti Berkay Hân ile şehzâdeleri Mes'ud, Kılıç Arslan, Ferâmuz Kırım'dan kalkıp Amasya'da ikâmet etmek üzere Samsun'a geldikleri haberi şâyi' oldukda Amasya vâlîsi Seyfeddîn Torumtay derhâl halîlesi Güray⁴⁰⁶ Hâtun binti Samuk Noyin'i ba'zı ümerâ ile istikbâl için göndermiş idi.
Orbay Hâtun ve şehzâdegân, Amasya'ya gelip Torumtay Bey'in Gök Medresesi sırasında bulunan muhteşem sarâyına nâzil ve misâfir olarak bir ay kadar istirâhat ediyorlar, Torumtay esîr olan oğlu Sinâneddîn Mûsâ Bey'i kurtarmak için Mısır hükümdârıyla muhâbereye müsâ'ade etmesini Abaka Hân nezdinde iltimâs için Orbay Hâtun'a ricâ ediyor, ba'dehû Orbay Hâtun şehzâde Mes'ûd'u alıp Abaka Hân'ın nezdine gidiyor.
Orbay Hâtun, Tebrîz'e gidip huzûr-ı hânîde Torumtay hakkında lâzım gelen şefâ'ati ziyâdesiyle îfâ etmekle 677'de Abaka Hân Amasya vâlîsi Torumtay Bey'e hükûmet-i Mısriyye ile muhâbere etmesi husûsunda müsâ'ade ve muhâbere ve istifdâyı tesrî' için uhdesine Antalya sancağını dahi iktâ' etmiş idi. Emîr Sârimeddîn Teke Bey'i Antalya emîri nasb [418] eden Amasya vâlîsi Torumtay bu sâyede oğlunu ve sâ'ir Amasya ümerâsını pek büyük fedâkârlık ile tahlîs edebilmişdir.
Ancak mahdûmu Sinâneddîn Mûsâ Bey Mısır'dan gâyet hasta bir hâlde 678'de Amasya'ya gelip bir türlü ifâkat bulamadığı cihetle senesi âhirinde vefât etmiş olduğu Seyfeddîn Torumtay Bey'e pek ziyâde te'sîr etmekle 679 rebî'ulâhirinde kendisi dahi vefât eylemişdir. Torumtay gâyet kerîm, müdebbir, âdil olduğu münâsebetle Amasya vâlîliğine merhûm-ı müşârün-ileyhin hafîdi Nâsıreddîn Muhammed Bey nasb edilmişdir.
In Modern English
Around Muharrem 676 [1277-78] he took Amasya and, nominally, became governor of Amasya for the third time by appointment of Gıyâseddîn Keyhusrev. Yet the Mongol ruler Abaka Han, on the one hand, was ordering Gökçe Bahâdır Noyin, nâzır of the Konya side, who lived near Aladağ, to execute Mu'îneddîn Pervâne Bey, and on the other was sending nearly forty thousand Tatar soldiers under Koko Noyin and Tedavun Noyin to drive the Karamanids and the Kunduzids out of Konya and Amasya, ordering them also to execute Torumtay.
As mentioned in the Ikdu'l-Cümân and the History of al-Malik az-Zahir Baybars, Gökçe Bahâdır Noyin, nâzır of Konya, on the order that came, summoned Mu'îneddîn Süleyman Pervâne and his kethüdâ Seyfeddîn Yağmur bin Alakuş, the head of the çavuşes Seyfeddîn Alakuş and the head of the çaşnigîrs (head of the table) Necmeddîn Mengü Bars Bey to Aladağ and executed them on the sixteenth day of Muharrem 676. Pervâne Bey's slaves Seyfeddîn Sencer and Bedreddîn Bektût Bey, however, fled to Egypt.
Seyfeddîn Torumtay, governor of Amasya, learning at this time that the Tatar soldiers had reached Erzurum and of their duties, went at once to Erzincan to meet the army commanders. There, by presenting gifts to Koku and Tedavun Noyin and behaving gently, he succeeded in appeasing the Noyins and saving his life.
Koku Noyin informed Abaka Han that Torumtay, governor of Amasya, had no fault and that his loyalty continued, and asked his pardon. Thereupon Seyfeddîn Torumtay was left in the governorship of Amasya; and a man of the Genghisid dynasty named Kangırtay (Kongurtay) was appointed and sent to the supervision of Anatolia.
It is thought that Kongurtay came to Amasya in early 676 and lived around the present town of Varay, where he had a large farm. For it is recorded that Varay Hatun was his daughter and that from her came his grandson Acaytu Sultan; that Ece Sultan has a waqf in the town of Varay and that the sons of Ece Sultan are very famous, and that in front of Varay, on the river bank, there is a village recorded as Kongur Alanı and called today Konur Alanı, gave rise to and strengthens this opinion.
In 676 [1277-78] İzzeddîn İbik Baba, who was with Abaka Han, returned to Amasya as sheikh of the Hankâh-ı Mes'ûdî and the said zawiya was reopened. In the same way Fahreddîn Alî bin Hüseyn el-Konevî became sâhib-i a'zam; Mu'izzeddîn Alî bin Baba İlyâs Horasânî pervane and regent of the sultanate; his brother Hâce Ziyâ'eddîn Mes'ûd bin Baba müstevfi'l-memâlik; İzzeddîn Muhammed Bey beylerbeyi. İzzeddîn Muhammed, son of Mu'îneddîn Pervâne Bey, who had formerly been nişancı, became emir of Sinop.
When Sultan İzzeddîn Keykâvus, who was with Mengü Temir Han, ruler of the Crimea, died in Bahçesaray in early 677 [1278-79], the news spread that his wife Orbay Hatun binti Berkay Han and the princes Mes'ud, Kılıç Arslan and Ferâmuz had set out from the Crimea and come to Samsun to live in Amasya. Seyfeddîn Torumtay, governor of Amasya, at once sent his wife Güray Hatun binti Samuk Noyin, with some emirs, to receive them.
Orbay Hatun and the princes came to Amasya and were guests in Torumtay Bey's magnificent palace on the row where the Gök Medrese stands, and rested for about a month. Torumtay asked Orbay Hatun to request from Abaka Han permission to correspond with the ruler of Egypt in order to ransom his son Sinâneddîn Mûsâ Bey, who was a prisoner. Later Orbay Hatun took the prince Mes'ûd and went to Abaka Han.
Because Orbay Hatun went to Tabriz and made very good the necessary intercession before the khan on Torumtay's behalf, in 677 Abaka Han gave Torumtay Bey, governor of Amasya, permission to correspond with the Egyptian government; to speed the correspondence and the ransom procedure he also gave him the sanjak of Antalya as an iktâ. Torumtay, governor of Amasya, appointed Emîr Sârimeddîn Teke Bey emir of Antalya, and in this way was able, at great sacrifice, to ransom his son and the other emirs of Amasya.
But his son Sinâneddîn Mûsâ Bey came from Egypt very ill to Amasya in 678 [1279-80], could not recover, and died at the end of the year. Because this event grieved Seyfeddîn Torumtay Bey very much, he himself died in Rebîülâhir 679 [1280-81]. Since Torumtay was very generous, prudent and just, the grandson of this late man, Nâsıreddîn Muhammed Bey, was appointed to the governorship of Amasya.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- vâlî kâ'im-makâmı: deputy governor
- çaşnigîr: palace table official
- istikbâl: welcoming, receiving
- müdârâ: gentle, conciliatory conduct
- halîle: wife, lady
- iktâ': the assignment of revenue in return for service
- istifdâ: ransoming of a prisoner
- hafîd: grandson
The Execution of Pervâne
Hüsameddin gives the execution as 16 Muharrem 676; by calendar calculation this date falls in June 1277. The TDV, however, writes the date of the execution as 1 Rebîülevvel 676 / 2 August 1277; the difference is about two months. Another TDV entry gives the date of execution as Safer 676 / July 1277. It is recorded in the sources that the execution took place at Aladağ, Abaka Khan's summer headquarters; Hüsameddin's information about Aladağ agrees with this. Hüsameddin writes that the execution was carried out by Gökçe Bahâdır Noyin. In other sources it is stated that Abaka Khan himself tried and executed him.
Kongurtay's Governorship of Anatolia
Abaka Khan, on returning from Elbistan, left the administration of Anatolia to his brother Kongurtay Noyan; the sources write this as Abaka's brother. Hüsameddin, however, mentions him as one "of the Genghisid dynasty". Although Hüsameddin's inferences about Kongurtay's relation to Varay and Konur Alanı appear internally consistent, they could not be verified in other sources; Hüsameddin himself presents it as a guess by saying "it is thought".
Keykâvus's Family
İzzeddin Keykâvus II's death in the Crimea in 677 [1278-79] and the coming of his son Gıyâseddin Mesud II by sea to Sinop appear in the sources too. According to the sources, Mesud was received by Muzafferüddin Yavlak Arslan Çobanoğlu, the frontier bey of Kastamonu, who took him first to the Mongol governor Samagar Noyan and then to Abaka Khan. That Hüsameddin's account has a landing at Samsun and a coming to Amasya differs from the Sinop-Kastamonu route in the sources. The information that Torumtay's wife Güray Hatun was the daughter of Samuk Noyin could not be verified in other sources either.
Torumtay's Buildings and Grave
The Gökmedrese Mosque that Torumtay had built in Amasya in 1267 still stands today. The Torumtay Tomb is opposite the Gökmedrese and, according to the Amasya Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism, was built in 1278; in the tomb, together with Torumtay, lie his children and grandchildren. Since the date of the tomb (1278) is earlier than the date of death Hüsameddin gives (679 / 1280-81), this information does not fully confirm one another. This is not explained in the sources.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 2, p. 362–363. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
Official sources