AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE-İ TÂRİHİYYE

Mustafa Pasha (Kör)

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 4, p. 582–583 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Hicabi GÜLGEN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Antalyalıdır. “Kör Paşa” demekle meşhûrdur. 1069 senesi cumâdelûlâ gurresinde Amasya sancağı mutasarrıfı oldu. Kendisi Antalya Kalesi’nde ikâmet edib Bayburdlu Ahmed Ağa Amasya Mütesellimliğinde ibkâ edildi.

Cumâdelâhire gurresinde Kadı Tokatlı Ahmed Efendi azledilip Hayreddînzâde Mustafa Efendi Amasya kadısı oldu. Fakat selefi Ahmed Efendi ve nâibi şakîlerin kesretine binâen tevkîf edildi.

Cumâdelâhirenin evâsıtında Halep vâlisi olan Serdâr Murtezâ Paşa’nın konağında misafir olan Abaza Hasan Paşa ve maiyetindeki vüzerâ ve [129] rüesâ umûmen i’dâm edilerek cemiyeti tarumar oldu. Abazalıların her biri birer deliğe sokuldu.

Halep’te i’dâm edilen Abazalı Amasya ricâli şunlardı: Lâdikli Tayyarzâde Vezîr Ahmed Paşa, birâderi Beylerbeyi Mustafa Paşa, Amasya Beyi Beyzâde Ali Bey, Serhoş Paşazâde Mirlivâ Ahmed Bey, Sinan Paşazâde Hüseyin Bey, Köprülü Hamamcızâde Mahmûd Bey.

Esbak Amasya Mütesellimi Rus Rıdvan Ağa, Şamlı Ali Ağa, Türedioğlu Mehmed Ağa, Merzifon Voyvodası Tatar Ahmed Ağa, Lâdik Voyvodası Paşazâde Hüseyin Ağa.

Cumâdelâhirenin yirmisinde gelen fermân-ı âlî ile sâbık Amasya Kadısı Tokatlı Ahmed Efendi, nâibi Osmân Efendi, esbak arpa emîni Osmân Efendi, Dede Hasanoğlu Hüseyin, Gazanfer Ağazâde Ahmed ve Mehmed beylerle pek çok kimse Amasya’da i’dâm edildi.

İdam edilen başların, beylerin, efendilerin ve ağaların bütün metrûkâtıyla beraber Hoca Ahmed Paşa’nın ve oğulları Dede Ali ve İbrâhim beylerin, müftü-i sâbık Hızır Efendi’nin, mütesellim-i esbak Koca Hızır Ağa’nın ve sâir pek çok zenginlerin emvâl u emlâki Abazalı diye müsâdere edildi. Kazâlarda da hayli nâmdâr kimseler i’dâm ve müsâdere edilmişdi.

Sivas Defterdârı Murâd Efendi ve müteâkiben Sivas Beylerbeyi Sührâb Mehmed Paşa, Amasya’ya gelip müsâdere edilen emvâl ü emlâk satıldı. Esmânı mâliyeye îrâd kaydedildi. Sührâb Paşa, Rus Rıdvan Ağa’nın [130] dokuz yaşlarındaki gayet güzel oğlu Ahmed Çelebi’yi köle namıyla dâiresine aldı. Buna “Sührablı” dendi.

Hâlbuki Rıdvan Ağa, Hoca Ahmed Paşa’nın kölesi iken 1056 senesi muharreminde i‘tâk edilmiş ve rebîülevvelinde Hacı Efendizâde Sarı Mehmed Ağa’nın kerîmesi Havva Hanım’ı tezevvüc etmişdi. Bu Ahmed Çelebi Havva Hanım’dan doğmuşdu.⁶⁵⁷

Fakat Köprülü Mehmed Paşa’nın gerek Halep’te ve gerek Amasya ve mülhakâtında öldürttüğü adamların hânelerinden yükselen feryâd u enîn, en katı yürekleri bile ağlatıyordu. Bir taraftan can acısı, diğer taraftan mal acısı herkese acı acı gözyaşları döktürdü.

Vâlî ve defterdâr, derhal Amasya’dan çekilip gitdi. Bu acıklı feryatlara karşı en katı yürekli tanınmış olan Gâvur Murâd Ağa, Kiraz Mehmed Ağa, Kör Mustafa Ağa bile haklı haksız bu kadar adamların i’dâmlarına gözyaşları dökerek sebep olanlara, hâssaten mütesellim Bayburdlu Ahmed Ağa’ya sitem ve lânet etmişlerdi.

Bayburdlu Ahmed Ağa, bunları derdest etdirip Amasya Kalesi zindanına attı. Emr-i Âlî sudûruna değin hânelerini mühür altına aldırdı. Vâlî Sührab Paşa’ya keyfiyeti bildirdi.

Receb evâilinde Sadr-ı a’zam Köprülü Mehmed Paşa ağalarından Amasyalı Taşçızâde Ebûbekir Ağa, Sivas kalelerini teftişe me’mûren Amasya’ya [131] geldi. Vâlî ve mütesellim Ahmed Ağa aleyhindeki şikâyetleri tahkîke başladı.

Amasya Mutasarrıfı Kör Mustafa Paşa, me’mûriyeti başına gelmedikten başka, Antalya Kalesi’ne kapanmış, kimseyi tanımaz bir halde idi. Manisa Mutasarrıfı Küçük Mehmed Paşa’nın tedâbir-i siyâsiyesiyle derdest ve i’dâm edilip Amasya sancağı Malatya Mutasarrıfı Mehmed Paşa’ya tevcîh edildi.

Footnotes

  • 657 Amasya Sicillinde böyle mestûrdur. Bu Ahmed Çelebi, muahharan Enderûna girip Hazîne Kethüdâlığından vezir ve sadrâzam olan Sührâblı Ahmed Paşa’dır.
Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a native of Antalya. He is known as "Kör Paşa" (the Blind Pasha). On the first day of the month of Cemâziyelevvel 1069 [1659] he became mutasarrıf of the sanjak of Amasya. He himself stayed in Antalya Fortress; Bayburtlu Ahmed Ağa was left in the mütesellimship of Amasya.

On the first day of the month of Cemâziyelâhir Kadı Ahmed Efendi of Tokat was dismissed and Hayreddînzâde Mustafa Efendi became kadı of Amasya. But the former kadı Ahmed Efendi and his nâib were arrested because of the great number of brigands.

In the middle of Cemâziyelâhir, Abaza Hasan Pasha, who was a guest in the mansion of Serdar Murtezâ Pasha, Governor of Aleppo, together with the viziers and leading men in his retinue, were all executed and their bands were utterly scattered. Each of the Abazacıs hid in a hole.

The Abazacı notables of Amasya who were executed in Aleppo were these: Vizier Ahmed Pasha, Tayyarzâde of Lâdik, his brother Beylerbeyi Mustafa Pasha, Beyzâde Ali Bey, Bey of Amasya, Mirliva Ahmed Bey, Serhoş Paşazâde, Hüseyin Bey, Sinan Paşazâde, and Mahmûd Bey, Köprülü Hamamcızâde.

The former Mütesellim of Amasya Rus Rıdvan Ağa, Şamlı Ali Ağa, Türedioğlu Mehmed Ağa, Tatar Ahmed Ağa, Voyvoda of Merzifon, and Paşazâde Hüseyin Ağa, Voyvoda of Lâdik.

By an imperial firman that came on the twentieth of Cemâziyelâhir, the former Kadı of Amasya Ahmed Efendi of Tokat, his nâib Osmân Efendi, the former arpa emini Osmân Efendi, Dede Hasanoğlu Hüseyin, and Ahmed and Mehmed Beys, sons of Gazanfer Ağa, together with a great many people, were executed in Amasya.

Together with everything left by the executed heads, beys, efendis and aghas, the goods and properties of Hoca Ahmed Pasha and his sons Dede Ali and İbrâhim Beys, of the former mufti Hızır Efendi, of the former mütesellim Koca Hızır Ağa and of many more rich men were confiscated on the ground that they were "Abazacı". In the districts too quite a number of well-known persons had been executed and their goods confiscated.

Murâd Efendi, Defterdar of Sivas, and then Sührâb Mehmed Pasha, Beylerbeyi of Sivas, came to Amasya, the confiscated goods and properties were sold, and the proceeds were recorded as revenue for the treasury. Sührâb Pasha took Rus Rıdvan Ağa's very handsome son, Ahmed Çelebi, about nine years old, into his own household under the name of a slave. He was called "Sührablı".

Yet Rıdvan Ağa, while the slave of Hoca Ahmed Pasha, had been freed in the month of Muharrem 1056 [1646] and in Rebîülevvel had married Havva Hanım, daughter of Hacı Efendizâde Sarı Mehmed Ağa. This Ahmed Çelebi was born of Havva Hanım.

But the cries and groans rising from the houses of the men Köprülü Mehmed Pasha had put to death, both in Aleppo and in Amasya and its surroundings, made even the hardest hearts weep. On the one hand the pain of life, on the other the pain of property, made everyone shed bitter tears.

The governor and the defterdar at once withdrew from Amasya. Before these sorrowful cries even Gâvur Murâd Ağa, Kiraz Mehmed Ağa and Kör Mustafa Ağa, who were known as the hardest-hearted, shed tears at the execution, rightly or wrongly, of so many men, and reproached and cursed those who had caused it, and in particular Mütesellim Bayburtlu Ahmed Ağa.

Bayburtlu Ahmed Ağa had them seized and thrown into the dungeon of Amasya Castle. Until the sultan's order came he had their houses put under seal. He reported the matter to Governor Sührâb Pasha.

At the beginning of Receb, Taşçızâde Ebûbekir Ağa of Amasya, one of the aghas of Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, came to Amasya charged with inspecting the fortresses of Sivas. He began to investigate the complaints against the governor and Mütesellim Ahmed Ağa.

Mustafa Pasha, Kör, Mutasarrıf of Amasya, apart from never having come to his post, had shut himself up in Antalya Fortress and was in a state of recognising no one. Through the political measures of Küçük Mehmed Pasha, Mutasarrıf of Manisa, he was seized and executed, and the sanjak of Amasya was given to Mehmed Pasha, Mutasarrıf of Malatya.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • şakî: brigand, rebel
  • kesret: great number
  • tevkîf: arrest
  • rüesâ: heads, leading men
  • târumâr olmak: to be utterly scattered
  • metrûkât: goods left behind by the deceased
  • emvâl ü emlâk: goods and properties
  • esmân: prices, sale proceeds
  • îrâd kaydetmek: to record as revenue
  • dâire: a pasha's mansion and household
  • i'tâk: freeing a slave
  • tezevvüc: marrying
  • mülhakât: dependent places, surrounding districts
  • feryâd u enîn: cries and groans
  • emr-i âlî: imperial order
  • tedâbir-i siyâsiye: political measures

The Aleppo Massacre

At the centre of the entry is the bloody end of the rebellion of Abaza Hasan Pasha. According to Mücteba İlgürel's Köprülü Mehmed Pasha entry, after the victory at Ilgın Abaza had gone to Antep to pass the winter, unable to hold out there because of pressure and food shortage had withdrawn to Aleppo, and although opposing pashas of Köprülü were with him he was seized through a plot and all were executed by Köprülü's order (23-24 Cemâziyelevvel 1069 / 16-17 February 1659). In some sources the event is told in more detail: the rebels who entered Aleppo with a promise of pardon were put up as guests in the mansions of the loyal pashas, Abaza stayed in Murtaza Pasha's mansion, and for a few days there were friendly meetings and letters asking pardon were even written. At nightfall on 16 February 1659, while Abaza was performing ablutions, his throat was cut from behind, and a cannon shot from Aleppo Castle was the signal for the killing of the other rebel leaders who remained with the other pashas. Abaza's head was stuffed with straw and sent to Istanbul, and his body was hung in front of one of the city's gates.

Hüsâmeddin gives the event "in the middle of Cemâziyelâhir". There is a difference of a month from the date of 23-24 Cemâziyelevvel in the encyclopedia entry. The date "twentieth of Cemâziyelâhir" that Hüsâmeddin gives for the executions in Amasya relates to the arrival in Amasya of the firman that followed the Aleppo event; the real date of the Aleppo event in present-day research is the middle of February 1659, that is, the end of Cemâziyelevvel.

The Men of Amasya Who Died in Aleppo

For Hüseyin Bey, Sinan Paşazâde, whom Hüsâmeddin counts among those executed in Aleppo, there is a separate biography in volume 9 of the book. According to the information there, Hüseyin Bey, son of Ali Bey of the Amasya notables, became a zeamet holder in 1037 and rose in the wars; on his father's death he became mütevelli of the waqf of Hacı Hamza and the charitable institutions in Amasya, then alaybeyi of Amasya, and in 1058 mirliva. Because he, dismissed from the sanjak of Arapgir, joined Abaza Hasan Pasha, he was executed in Cemâziyelâhir 1069, his goods were confiscated and his "hearth was extinguished". In the same place it is also written that Pirî Beyzâde Hüseyin Ağa, Dede Hasan Ağazâde Hüseyin Ağa and the former voyvoda of Zile Celeb Hüseyin Ağa, of the sipahis of Amasya, were executed on the same date for following Abaza. These records show that the list here is not complete and that the number of those killed in the districts goes beyond Hüsâmeddin's words "quite a number of well-known persons".

"Köprülü Hamamcızâde Mahmûd Bey", named in the list, is the man of whom an earlier entry said that after the death of his father Hamamcı Mehmed Pasha he entered among the notables of Köprü. It is probable that he is the same as Hamamcıoğlu Mahmûd Ağa, mentioned in the previous entry as Abaza's son-in-law and mütesellim of Aleppo. In some sources it is written that Abaza's son-in-law Hamamcıoğlu, his representative in Aleppo, was driven out of Aleppo at the end of 1658 and killed by loyal forces; Hüsâmeddin, however, counts him among those executed in 1659.

Inspection and Confiscations

The language Hüsâmeddin uses in describing the executions and confiscations in Amasya departs from the book's general sober style: "On the one hand the pain of life, on the other the pain of property, made everyone shed bitter tears." These lines agree with the general picture of present-day research. According to İlgürel, after the suppression of the rebellion Köprülü began the Celâlî and firearms inspection in Anatolia, thousands of people were killed and some 80,000 firearms were collected from the people; as many from the learned class, such as müderrises and kadıs, as from the military class met the same fate. Köprülü was severely criticised by contemporary historians for this slaughter, and Silâhdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa described him as "bloodthirsty"; Naîmâ, on the other hand, saw him as a great statesman who rescued the state from a difficult situation. İlgürel also notes separately that the large figures given in the sources for those killed are exaggerated. That in Amasya a kadı and his nâib were executed is a local example that members of the learned class too did not escape this purge.

Rıdvan Ağa's Son: Grand Vizier Kavanoz Ahmed Pasha

In his footnote Hüsâmeddin says that Ahmed Çelebi, aged nine, whom Sührâb Mehmed Pasha took into his household, was later "Sührablı Ahmed Pasha", who entered the Enderun and rose from the treasury kethüdalık to the vizierate and the grand vizierate. This information has been taken into account in present-day research too. In Abdülkadir Özcan's Kavanoz Ahmed Pasha entry it is written that the pasha was rumoured to be of Russian origin and one of the freedmen of Vizier Silâhdar Hüseyin Pasha, and that "according to Hüseyin Hüsâmeddin" he was the son of the slain Rıdvan Ağa, of Russian origin, slave of Ahmed Pasha of Amasya and son-in-law of Hacı Efendizâde Sarı Mehmed Ağa. According to the same entry, when in the Abaza Hasan rebellion of 1069 (1658-59) his father was killed, he was taken under the protection of Söhrab Mehmed Pasha, Governor of Sivas, and the epithet "Söhraplı" came from this. Because he was somewhat stout and short he was called "Kavanoz" (Jar); in 1090 (1679) he became treasury kethüdâ, during the Edirne Incident of 1703 he was brought to the grand vizierate by the rebels, stayed in this office about three months, and died in 1705 while guardian of Lepanto. At his death it is noted that "he was over fifty"; this is consistent with Hüsâmeddin's information that he was nine in 1659.

There is one more point on which the two records agree: the pasha's father, whom the sources call "of Russian origin", is called "Rus Rıdvan Ağa" in Hüsâmeddin's text from the beginning. The tradition of Russian origin must belong to the father, a freedman, rather than to the son. Though in the encyclopedia entry the father's master appears as "Hacı Ahmed Pasha", in Hüsâmeddin's text this person is Hoca Ahmed Pasha.

Kör Mustafa Pasha and Küçük Mehmed Pasha

In searches made on Kör Mustafa Pasha of Antalya, who was made mutasarrıf of Amasya, never came to the sanjak and shut himself up in Antalya Fortress, no information was found in other sources. Küçük Mehmed Pasha, Mutasarrıf of Manisa, who had him seized and executed, is Küçük Mehmed Bey, Bey of Alâiye, who in earlier entries rescued the barge that had fallen into Venetian hands in the Dardanelles battle of 1657. According to Samet Tınas's study this bey, former kethüda of Katırcıoğlu Mehmed Pasha, had won Köprülü's favour after his heroism in the battle. In Abdülkadir Özcan's Fâzıl Ahmed Pasha entry it is related that a few years later Küçük Mehmed Pasha, Beylerbeyi of Yanova, was charged with defending Transylvania; it is evident that this trusted man of the Köprülüs was also used in the purge of the rebellious beys in the provinces.

The Sons of Hoca Ahmed Pasha

Among those whose goods were confiscated are Hoca Ahmed Pasha and his sons Dede Ali and İbrâhim Beys. Current records introducing Amasya Castle include the information that the castle was repaired in 1669 by "Hoca Ahmedpaşazâde Ali Bey". It is plausible that this Ali Bey is the Dede Ali Bey whose goods were confiscated together with his father; if so, the family regained standing within ten years. But that the two are the same is not stated explicitly in the sources.

Bibliography

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