AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · İKİNCİ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL

Oruç Paşa, Tokuroğlu

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 7, p. 370 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Safi ARPAGUŞ- Prof. Dr. Ahmet Hakkı TURABİ

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasya ümerâsından Bâyezîd Bey bin Tokur Bey’in mahdûmudur. Buna Toğuroğlu da denirdi. Amasya Emîr-i Kebîri Devâtdâr Ahmed Paşa bin el-Hâc Şâdgeldi pâdişâhın ümerâsından iken [350] 788’de Sultân Murâd Hünkâr’a arz-ı inkiyâd ederek Ümerâ-yı Osmâniyye’den oldu.

Ba’dehû Amasya Vâlîsi Yıldırım Sultân Bâyezîd ile beraber Kosova Muhârebesi’ne gitdi. Mezkûr muhârebede yararlıklar gösterdiğinden Yıldırım Bâyezîd Hân’ın gözüne girdi. Sultân-ı müşârün-ileyhin cülûsundan sonra bütün muhârebâtında beraber bulunarak sadâkat ve şecâ’ati görüldüğünden beylerbeyi oldu.

804’de Topal Timur Hân’a karşı Yıldırım Sultân Bâyezîd’in kolunda fedâkârâne harbederek vefât etdi. Ümerâ-yı kibârdan şecî’, sâdık, ğayûr bir kumandan idi. Mahdûmları Mehmed, Yûnus beylerdir. Mehmed Bey de ümerâdan olup Timur Harbi’nde vefât etdi. Birâderi Sungur Bey’dir.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He is one of the beys of Amasya. He is the son of Bayezid Bey, son of Tokur Bey. He was also called Toğuroğlu. When Devâtdâr Ahmed Pasha, Great Emir of Amasya and son of Hacı Şâdgeldi Padişah, submitted to Sultan Murad Hünkâr in 788 [1386-87] while he was among the sultan's beys, he became one of the Ottoman beys.

Afterwards he went to the Battle of Kosovo with Yıldırım Sultan Bayezid, then governor of Amasya. By the services he showed in this battle he caught the eye of Yıldırım Bayezid Han. After the said sultan's accession he was with him in all his wars, and since his loyalty and valor were seen, he became beylerbey.

In 804 [1401-02] he fought devotedly on the wing of Yıldırım Sultan Bayezid against Topal Timur Han and died. He was a brave, loyal, honorable and valiant commander among the great beys. His sons are the beys Mehmed and Yûnus. Mehmed Bey was also one of the beys and died in the war with Timur. His brother is Sungur Bey.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • mahdûm: son
  • ümerâ: beys, commanders
  • Emîr-i Kebîr: Great Emir; the highest administrator at the head of a region
  • devâtdâr: a high official who carries the inkwell and handles written affairs
  • arz-ı inkıyâd: declaring submission, offering obedience
  • cülûs: the accession of a sultan to the throne
  • muhârebât: wars
  • beylerbeyi: a senior commander and administrator at the head of several sanjaks
  • şecâ'at: valor, courage
  • ğayûr: zealous, devoted to honor and state
  • Topal Timur: Timur; the nickname Hüsameddin uses

The Joining of Amasya to the Ottomans

The 788 [1386-87] Hüsameddin gives fits the years in which Amasya accepted Ottoman rule. It is written that Prince Bayezid came to Amasya in 1386 and bound the principality of Amasya to the Ottoman state. Another account reports that Emir Ahmed of Amasya, who accepted Ottoman rule against Kadı Burhâneddin, conducted these relations between 1384 and 1388. The event that wholly annexed Amasya to Ottoman lands belongs to later dates: the emir, besieged by Burhâneddin, handed the city to the Ottomans in 1392, and Bayezid entered Amasya the next year; in some accounts it is given as 1398. Hüsameddin's "Yıldırım Sultan Bayezid, governor of Amasya" also rests on these years; the same relations are cited as the source of the view that Bayezid was the first governor of Amasya.

Ahmed Pasha and Tokur Bey

The Ahmed Pasha of the text is the emir of Amasya who was a son of Hacı Şadgeldi. On Şadgeldi's death his son Ahmed defended the city against Kadı Burhâneddin with Yıldırım Bayezid's support. The title "Devâtdâr" does not appear in these accounts. The subjects in the sentence are unclear: whether it is Ahmed Pasha who "submitted in 788" or Oruç Paşa himself, the text does not say openly. The translation interprets it as Ahmed Pasha's submitting and Oruç Paşa's becoming one of the Ottoman beys; this is an interpretation. For Tokur Bey, his son Bayezid Bey and his brother Sungur Bey, no information was found in other sources, including a search under the name "Toğuroğlu".

The Battles of Kosovo and Ankara

The Battle of Kosovo was fought on 15 June 1389, and Prince Bayezid played an important part in winning it. The Battle of Ankara was most probably fought on Friday, 28 July 1402. The 804 in which Hüsameddin reports Oruç Paşa's death includes this date; the Hijri year falls in the span 1401-02. The sources write that in the battle the Kara Tatars and the forces of some Anatolian principalities went over to Timur's side, that the Ottoman army broke, and that Bayezid, left with 3000 men, finally fell captive to Timur. No other record was found reporting that Oruç Paşa and his son Mehmed Bey died in this battle; Hüsameddin's statement is the only basis.

Bibliography

Primary sources

  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 370–370. amasya.bel.tr

Academic studies

Volume 7 contents