AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · AMASYA TÂRÎHİ'NDEN ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE BAKİYYESİ

Hacı Ömer Pasha

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Remainder of Volume 4, p. 644 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Mehmet ARSLAN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. Sâbık Şehrizor beylerbeyi olup Gâzî İbrâhim Bey bin Mustafâ Bey bin Hoca Ahmed Paşa'nın oğludur. 1147 senesi cemâziyelevvelinin yirmi birinci günü Amasya mutasarrıfı ve Hemedân muhâfızı olup kethüdâsı Köprülü Yahyâ Ağa'yı Amasya mütesellimi nasb ederek gönderdi.

Bu ayın yirmi yedinci günü ikindiye yakın Amasya havâlîsinde dehşetli ve uğultulu bir zelzele olup Yukarıkale'de Bey Câmi'i, Dizdâriyye Medresesi; Şamlar Mahallesi'nde Ayâs Ağa Câmi'i minâresi, Hüseyin Ağa Medresesi, Yâkût Paşa bedestânı, Loğ Minâre ve kârgîr hânelerle eski binâların çoğu kısmen [57] yıkıldı. Yukarıkale'den büyük bir kaya parçası yuvarlanıp İçerişehir'de uğruna gelen hâneleri ve insânları ezdi.

Cemâziyelâhirin üçüncü günü Rûmeli kazaskeri Merzifonlu Dürrî Mehmed Efendi şeyhü'l-islâm ve ramazân gurresinde sâbık Mekke mollası "Büyük Hâfız" demekle meşhûr fuzalâdan Amasyalı Hâfız Mehmed Efendi arpalık vechile Amasya kadısı ve Müftüzâde Hacı Halîl Efendi Amasya nâ'ibi oldu.

Şevvâlin yirmi üçüncü günü Amasya müftüsü Tokadlı Şeyh Mustafâ Efendi'nin vefâtına binâ'en Merzifon Sultânîsi müderrisi Müftüzâde Halîl Efendi şeyhü'l-islâmın himmetiyle Amasya müftüsü olup geldi. Onlu nâ'iblerden Müftüzâde Ömer, Kadızâde Hacı Ömer Efendiler'le mütesellim-i sâbık Murâdoğlu Hacı Mehmed Ağa bu sene vefât etdi.

1148 muharrem gurresinde nakîb kâ'im-makâmı Iydîzâde Abdurrahîm Efendi Amasya nâ'ibi ve Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrâhim Bey baş a'yân ve sultâniyye mütevellîsi Hacı Efendizâde Hacı Ebûbekir Ağa hacıbaşı oldu. Saferde mütesellim Yahyâ Ağa, i'ânât-ı seferiyyeyi alıp Hemedân'a gitdiğinden baş a'yân Amasya mütesellimi ve cemâziyelevvelde mutasarrıf Ömer Paşa şehîd oldu. [58]

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a man of Amasya. He was a former beylerbeyi of Şehrizor; he was the son of Gazi İbrahim Bey, son of Mustafa Bey, son of Hoca Ahmed Pasha. On the twenty-first day of Jumada al-awwal 1147 [19 October 1734] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya and guardian of Hamadan; he appointed his steward Köprülü Yahya Ağa as mütesellim of Amasya and sent him.

On the twenty-seventh day of this month [25 October 1734], toward the afternoon prayer, a terrible, roaring earthquake struck Amasya and its surroundings. In the Upper Castle the Bey Mosque and the Dizdariye Madrasa; in the Şamlar quarter the minaret of the Ayas Ağa Mosque, the Hüseyin Ağa Madrasa, the Yâkut Pasha bedesten, the Loğ Minare, stone houses and most of the old buildings were partly destroyed. A great piece of rock rolling down from the Upper Castle crushed the houses and people in its path in İçerişehir.

On the third day of Jumada al-akhira [31 October 1734] the kazasker of Rumelia, Dürrî Mehmed Efendi of Merzifon, became şeyhülislam. On the first day of Ramadan the kadılık of Amasya was given as an arpalık to Hâfız Mehmed Efendi of Amasya, the former mulla of Mecca, one of the virtuous scholars known by the epithet "Büyük Hâfız" (the Great Hâfız); Müftüzâde Hacı Halil Efendi also became naib of Amasya.

On the twenty-third day of Shawwal [18 March 1735], since the mufti of Amasya Tokatlı Şeyh Mustafa Efendi died, Müftüzâde Halil Efendi, müderris of the Merzifon Sultaniye (the sultan's madrasa at Merzifon), came as mufti of Amasya with the help of the şeyhülislam. Among the naibs known as "Onlu," Müftüzâde Ömer and Kadızâde Hacı Ömer Efendis, and the former mütesellim Murâdoğlu Hacı Mehmed Ağa died this year.

On the first day of Muharram 1148 [24 May 1735] the deputy nakîb Iydîzâde Abdurrahîm Efendi became naib of Amasya, Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrahim Bey chief ayan, and Hacı Efendizâde Hacı Ebûbekir Ağa, trustee of the sultan's waqfs, also became hacıbaşı. In Safar, since the mütesellim Yahya Ağa took the campaign aid and went to Hamadan, the chief ayan became mütesellim of Amasya. In Jumada al-awwal [September-October 1735] the mutasarrıf Ömer Pasha fell a martyr.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • sâbık: former, previous
  • beylerbeyi: governor of a province made up of several sanjaks
  • muhâfız: commander charged with guarding a fortress or city
  • zelzele: earthquake
  • kârgîr: built of stone or brick
  • uğruna gelen: falling in its path
  • Yukarıkale, İçerişehir: the upper part of Amasya Castle on the mountaintop, and the old city lying within the castle walls
  • arpalık vechile: as an arpalık, with its revenue left in place of a salary
  • himmet: help, support
  • i'ânât-ı seferiyye: aid collected from the people for a campaign
  • şehîd olmak: to die in war

Hoca Paşazâde Hacı Ömer Pasha

The mutasarrıf of this entry is Hoca Paşazâde el-Hâc Ömer Ağa, whom Hüsameddin had mentioned two entries earlier as chief ayan during the investigation of the Hacı İlyas quarter fight. At that time Köprülüzâde Abdullah Pasha, liking him, had made him his kethüda and taken him along; Ömer Ağa's rise within a few years to the beylerbeyilik, and then to the mutasarrıflık of Amasya with the rank of pasha, can be seen as a result of this patronage. The name of his steward "Köprülü Yahya Ağa" also suggests that the tie continued. Ömer Pasha's family is among the deeply rooted dynasties of Amasya. In the earlier parts of his work Hüsameddin speaks of İğnecizâde Hoca Ahmed Pasha of Amasya, who became mutasarrıf of Amasya in 1068 [1658]; it is likely that this person is the Hoca Ahmed Pasha mentioned as the family's ancestor. According to the municipality's history of the castle, Amasya Castle was repaired in 1669 by Hoca Ahmedpaşazâde Ali Bey. No information on Ömer Pasha was found in other sources.

The Earthquake of 25 October 1734

Because of its geographic position and young tectonic structure, Amasya has suffered many destructive earthquakes throughout history. In the list compiled by the Amasya Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism, the 1734 earthquake appears after those of 1579, 1647-1648, 16 August 1668 and 14 October 1684. The same record notes that the only information about this earthquake is the damage to the Beyler Palace, which had collapsed in earlier earthquakes and been rebuilt, and its not being repaired again; the source of this information too is Hüsameddin. This entry, however, gives the damage from the same earthquake in much more detail: the mosques, madrasas, bedesten and masonry houses within the castle and in the Şamlar quarter. The rock breaking off the Upper Castle and crushing the houses in İçerişehir is a consequence of the city's being built beneath the steep crags of Mount Harşena. The Gregorian equivalent of the Hijri date can also be confirmed by the date of Dürrî Mehmed Efendi's şeyhülislamate given in the same entry: Mehmet İpşirli gives this appointment as 3 Jumada al-akhira 1147, that is, 31 October 1734. Accordingly the earthquake occurred six days before this, around 25 October 1734.

The Damaged Buildings Today

The Ayas Ağa Mosque in the Şamlar quarter is part of the complex, consisting of a mosque, madrasa, primary school and graveyard, built in 1495 by Ayas Ağa, chief palace eunuch of Bayezid II; because of its quarter it is also called the Şamlar Mosque or the Küçük Ağa Complex. Today's descriptive texts note that the hexagonal base of the minaret is original and that the shaft and balcony were built later. The earthquake damage Hüsameddin records can be considered one of the possible reasons for the renewal of the minaret; but the date of the renewal is not given in the sources.

The Hüseyin Ağa Madrasa must be the octagonal-plan madrasa built in 1488 by Hüseyin Ağa, chief palace eunuch of Bayezid II, and called by the people the Büyük Ağa Madrasa; the building stands today. The Loğ Minare is the popular name of the Enderun Mosque in the Hatuniye quarter. According to the information Mehmet Tektaş gives, the date of the mosque's construction is not certain; it was most likely built in the twelfth century, in the Danishmend period. Its red-brick, thick-shafted minaret took this name because it resembles a great log stone (loğ taşı), and the name "Enderun" must come from its being in the Inner Castle. The building, which long remained in ruin, was reduced to ruins in the 1939 earthquake.

On the bedesten, Hüsameddin and today's records part. Hüsameddin calls the damaged building the "Yâkut Pasha bedesten." In today's records the Amasya Bedesten is the building that Hüseyin Ağa, one of the chief palace eunuchs of Bayezid II, had built in 1483 to provide income for his waqfs; it is known that it was badly damaged in the 1668 earthquake, that in 1865, in the time of Mutasarrıf Ziya Pasha, its domes were demolished and it was covered with a roof, and that it was repaired in 1971 by the General Directorate of Waqfs. Whether the bedesten Hüsameddin mentions is this building or another market building belonging to the Yâkut Pasha waqf could not be determined from the sources. On the Bey Mosque and the Dizdariye Madrasa in the Upper Castle no information was found in other sources; the madrasa's name suggests a connection with the castle guardian (dizdar).

The Guardianship of Hamadan and Ömer Pasha's Death

That Ömer Pasha was given the guardianship of Hamadan together with Amasya is noteworthy. According to Azmi Özcan, by the treaty of 10 January 1732 Hamadan, Kermanshah and Tabriz had been left to the Safavids, and Nadir had returned to Hamadan, wounded, from before Baghdad in the summer of 1733. In this situation, whether Hamadan was in Ottoman hands in 1734, and whether the guardianship was an actual duty or a title indicating the campaign's objective, could not be determined from the sources. Jumada al-awwal 1148 [September-October 1735], when Ömer Pasha fell a martyr, are the months in which Nadir, after defeating Köprülüzâde Abdullah Pasha near Arpaçay in June 1735, took Ganja, Tbilisi and, on 3 October 1735, Yerevan. In which clash Ömer Pasha died is not stated.

Points to Note

The meaning of the phrase "onlu nâ'ibler" in the text is not clear; it is possible to read it as "ünlü naipler" ("famous naibs") by a typesetting error, but this is a guess. In the entry it is also seen that Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrahim Bey became chief ayan again at the beginning of 1148. This man, who was exiled to Samsun in 1143 [1730] because of the Hacı İlyas quarter fight, had been recorded in an earlier entry as pardoned; the ayan families of Amasya could regain their power quickly even after exiles.

Bibliography

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Remainder of Volume 4 contents

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