AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE-İ TÂRİHİYYE

Yûsuf Bey

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 4, p. 600–601 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Hicabi GÜLGEN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

İstanbulludur. Sadr-ı esbak Malatyalı Süleyman Paşa’nın mahdûmudur. 1094 senesi zilhiccesinin yirmi yedinci günü Amasya sancağı beyi olup a‘yândan Türedîzâde el-Hâc Hüseyin Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu.

1095 senesi muharreminin yedinci gecesi akşam ile yatsı arasında sadr-ı sâbık Kara Mustafa Paşa Belgrad’da i’dâm edildi. Birkaç gün sonra Amasya’da meşâhir-i fuzalâdan Mehmed Paşa Müderrisi Çelebizâde Ömer Efendi dâr-ı naîme rihlet edib yerine fâzıl-ı meşhûr Çorumlu Hâfız es-Seyyid Mehmed Efendi müderris oldu. [176]

Kara İbrâhim Paşa’nın kethüdâsı Gürcü Pîrî Ağazâde İbrâhim Ağa kethüdâ-yı sadr-ı âlî, hemşirezâdesi Amasyalı Sefer Ağazâde Mehmed Bey mektûbî-i sadr-ı âlî, Mirlivâ Amasyalı Bekir Beyzâde Ömer Bey kapıcılar kethüdâsı, Hâcegândan Amasyalı Rahmi Efendizâde el-Hâc Lütfullah Efendi tezkire-i sadr-ı âlî oldu.

Saferde sadr-ı sâbık Kara Mustafa Paşa’nın akrabasından reîsü’l-küttâb Merzifonî Mustafa Efendi ve müteâkiben baş defterdârlıktan vezâretle Tımışvar vâlisi olan Merzifonî Hüseyin Efendizâde Hasan Paşa yok yere maktûl oldu.

Bunlardan sonra sadr-ı maktûlün kapıcılar kethüdâsı Alalalı Ömer Ağa, silahdâr ağası Ömer Ağa, telhîsî-i sadâret Merzifonî İsmâil Ağa, hazinedârı Merzifonî Mustafa Ağa Merzifon’a nefyedildi.

Rebîülevvelde Habîb Ağazâde Mehmed Ağa’nın azliyle Nasûh Ağazâde Hamza Ağa şehir kethüdâsı olup alaybeyi Boyacızâde Veliyyüddîn Bey büyük bir nüfûz ve haysiyet kazandı. Çünkü Sadr-ı a’zam Kara İbrâhim Paşa’nın yeğeni Osmân Bey’in dayısı idi.

Cumâdelâhirede nakîb Mumcuzâde Seyyid Ahmed Ağa’nın ahvâl u harekâtı yine eski halini andırdığından azliyle Saçlı Emîr Ömer Ağa nakîbü’l-eşrâf kâ’im-makâmı oldu.

Ramazânın gurresinde Kadı Sun‘ullah Efendi’nin yerine Ahmed Efendi Amasya kadısı ve Şa’bân Efendi Amasya nâibi oldu. Ramazânın yirmi birinde gümrük emîni ve Haseki Sultân kethüdâsı Amasyalı el-Hâc [177] Hüseyin Ağa vezâretle Ayıntâb ve Malatya sancakları mutasarrıfı ve müteâkiben Silistre vâlisi ve yerine küçük defterdârlıktan ma‘zûl Amasyalı Şa’bân Ağa gümrük emîni oldu.

Şevvâlin dördüncü günü Amasya ve havâlisinde şiddetli ve sürekli bir zelzele olup kârgîr binaları hasârâta uğrattı. Çok hâneler çöktü. Sultân Bâyezîd Câmii’nde yeni ba’zı hasârât îkâ‘ etdi.

Sefer ve Mehmed paşalar evkâf-ı mütevellîsi Kurdzâde Ahmed Bey bin Kurd Mehmed Bey zelzeleden müteessiren vefât eylediğinden Mehmed Paşazâde Kurd Mahmûd Bey kerîmesi Aynî Hanımzâde Ahmed Çelebi bin Hayreddînzâde İbrâhim Efendi yine mütevellî oldu.

1096 senesi muharreminde Amasya Beyi Yûsuf Bey’e Mar’aş beylerbeyiliği verildiğinden Amasya sancağı Çorum Beyi Mahmûd Bey’e tevcîh edildi. Müteâkiben Van Beylerbeyi Arabkirli Ca’fer Paşa Sivas vâlisi oldu.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was from Istanbul. He was the son of the former grand vizier Malatyalı Süleyman Pasha. On the twenty-seventh day of Dhu al-Hijja 1094 [1683] he became sanjak governor of Amasya; Türedîzâde Hacı Hüseyin Ağa, one of the notables, became mütesellim of Amasya.

On the seventh night of Muharram 1095 [1683-84], between the evening and night prayers, the former grand vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha was executed in Belgrade. A few days later in Amasya Çelebizâde Ömer Efendi, professor of the Mehmed Pasha Madrasa and one of the well-known virtuous scholars, departed this world; in his place the famous scholar Çorumlu Hâfız Seyyid Mehmed Efendi became professor.

Kara İbrâhim Pasha's kethüda Gürcü Pîrî Ağazâde İbrâhim Ağa became kethüda of the grand vizierate, his sister's son Sefer Ağazâde Mehmed Bey of Amasya mektupçu of the grand vizierate, Mirlivâ Bekir Beyzâde Ömer Bey of Amasya kethüda of the gatekeepers, and, from the hâcegân, that is, the senior clerks of the divan chanceries, Hacı Lütfullah Efendi, son of Rahmi Efendi of Amasya, tezkireci of the grand vizierate.

In Safar the Reisülküttap Merzifonlu Mustafa Efendi, a relative of the former grand vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha, and then Merzifonlu Hüseyin Efendizâde Hasan Pasha, who had moved from the chief treasurership to the governorship of Temesvár with the rank of vizier, were put to death unjustly.

After these, the kapıcılar kethüdası Alalalı Ömer Ağa of the executed grand vizier, his silahdar ağa Ömer Ağa, the grand vizierate's telhiscisi Merzifonlu İsmâil Ağa, and his treasurer Merzifonlu Mustafa Ağa were exiled to Merzifon.

In Rabi' al-Awwal Habîb Ağazâde Mehmed Ağa was dismissed and Nasûh Ağazâde Hamza Ağa became city kethüda. The Alaybeyi Boyacızâde Veliyyüddîn Bey also gained great influence and standing, because he was the maternal uncle of Osmân Bey, nephew of Grand Vizier Kara İbrâhim Pasha.

In Jumada al-Thani, since the nakîb Mumcuzâde Seyyid Ahmed Ağa's attitude and conduct again resembled their former state, he was dismissed; Saçlı Emîr Ömer Ağa became deputy of the nakîbüleşraf.

On the first day of Ramadan Ahmed Efendi became kadı of Amasya in place of Kadı Sun'ullah Efendi, and Şa'bân Efendi naib of Amasya. On the twenty-first of Ramadan the customs superintendent and kethüda of the Haseki Sultan, Hacı Hüseyin Ağa of Amasya, became governor of the sanjaks of Ayıntâb and Malatya with the rank of vizier and then governor of Silistra. In his place Şa'bân Ağa of Amasya, who had been dismissed from the small defterdarlık, became customs superintendent.

On the fourth day of Shawwal a violent and prolonged earthquake occurred in Amasya and its surroundings. Stone and brick buildings were damaged and many houses collapsed. Some new damage also occurred in the Sultan Bayezid Mosque.

When Kurdzâde Ahmed Bey bin Kurd Mehmed Bey, trustee of the Sefer Pasha and Mehmed Pasha waqfs, died under the effect of the earthquake, Ahmed Çelebi bin Hayreddînzâde İbrâhim Efendi, son of Aynî Hanım, daughter of Mehmed Paşazâde Kurd Mahmûd Bey, again became trustee.

In Muharram 1096 [1684], since the Bey of Amasya, Yûsuf Bey, was given the beylerbeyilik of Maraş, the sanjak of Amasya was given to Mahmûd Bey, Bey of Çorum. Then the Beylerbeyi of Van, Arapgirli Ca'fer Pasha, became governor of Sivas.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • sadr-ı esbak, sadr-ı sâbık: former grand vizier
  • i'dâm: execution
  • meşâhir-i fuzalâ: well-known virtuous scholars
  • dâr-ı naîme rihlet: departing to paradise, dying
  • kethüdâ-yı sadr-ı âlî: kethüda of the grand vizierate, the grand vizier's aide
  • hemşirezâde: a sister's son
  • mektûbî-i sadr-ı âlî: the mektupçu who conducted the grand vizier's correspondence
  • hâcegân: the senior clerks of the divan chanceries
  • tezkire-i sadr-ı âlî: the grand vizier's tezkireci
  • reîsü'l-küttâb: head of the divan secretaries; the high bureaucrat responsible for foreign correspondence
  • yok yere maktûl olmak: to be killed unjustly
  • telhîsî: the official who prepared the summary papers the grand vizier presented to the sultan
  • nefy: exile
  • ahvâl u harekât: attitude and conduct
  • zelzele: earthquake; kârgîr: built of stone or brick
  • hasârât îkâ' etmek: to cause damage
  • müteessiren: under the effect of
  • kerîme: daughter

Yûsuf Bey and His Father Malatyalı Süleyman Pasha

Yûsuf Bey's father Malatyalı Süleyman Pasha is one of the short-lived grand viziers of Ottoman history. According to Bekir Kütükoğlu's entry in the TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, he was born in Malatya, was also known by the nickname "Koca," was raised in the Enderun, and after posts such as the governorship of Erzurum, the wardenship of Chios, and the vizierate under the Dome, became grand vizier on 16 Shawwal 1065 [19 August 1655]. His grand vizierate lasted six months and ten days; afterward he held posts such as the governorship of Bosnia, the deputyship of Istanbul twice, the beylerbeyilik of Silistra, and the governorship of Erzurum, and was retired in 1667. He spent his last twenty years in his house in Üsküdar and died at about eighty on 15 Rabi' al-Thani 1098 [28 February 1687]. Hüsameddin's calling Yûsuf Bey "of Istanbul" agrees with his father's having spent the last twenty years of his life in Istanbul. No information was found in other sources about Yûsuf Bey himself.

In the next entry Hüsameddin calls the same person "son of Malatyalı Sarı Süleyman Pasha." Yet Malatyalı Süleyman Pasha appears in the sources with the nickname "Koca"; the nickname "Sarı" belongs to the Süleyman Pasha of Bosnian origin who would become grand vizier at that time. It is probable that the nicknames of the two Süleyman Pashas were confused in Hüsameddin's record.

The Execution of Kara Mustafa Pasha

Hüsameddin records the execution as "the seventh night of Muharram, between the evening and night prayers." The TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi gives the date as 6 Muharram 1095 [25 December 1683]. The one-day difference between the two dates can be explained by the night's being counted in the Hijri calendar to the following day. According to the same source Mehmed IV, though the Siege of Vienna, undertaken without his knowledge, had failed, had no intention of dismissing or killing his grand vizier; the death decree was issued on the prompting of Kara İbrâhim Pasha and, in the palace, of the Chief Black Eunuch Yûsuf Ağa and the Master of the Stables Süleyman Ağa, who were enemies of the grand vizier. Kara Mustafa Pasha's body was buried in the courtyard of a mosque in Belgrade, while his head, or scalp, was taken to Edirne.

The Purge of the Merzifon Men

The most noteworthy part of the entry is the purge directed at Kara Mustafa Pasha's men immediately after the execution. The TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi writes that the new grand vizier began by "removing the statesmen loyal to his predecessor." The fate of Reisülküttap Merzifonlu Mustafa Efendi, whom Hüsameddin says was "put to death unjustly," is also confirmed by other sources. In the list of reisülküttaps prepared by Recep Ahıshalı from archival documents it is recorded that Telhisîzâde Mustafa Efendi came to this post on 17 Ramadan 1092 [30 September 1681], left office on 1 Muharram 1095, and was executed on 3 Safar 1095 [21 January 1684]. Hüsameddin's "in Safar" agrees exactly with this date.

The anonymous chronicle Vekâyi-i Viyana, found in a manuscript in Çorum and studied by Şuayp Ateş, also tells the event in the same way: after the grand vizier was killed in Belgrade, his reisülküttab was brought to the capital in chains and hanged. The reason for the reisülküttab's being given so heavy a punishment must have to do with his part in the decision on Vienna. According to the TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, at the war council in Belgrade the decision to besiege Vienna, which would bring the grand vizier greater fame, instead of Yanıkkale, an unimportant place, had been taken also at the urging of Reisülküttap Mustafa Efendi.

The purge covered not only the Merzifon men but also the circle of the Köprülü family. Siyavuş Ağa, son-in-law of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, was removed from his post in Edirne on 16 Muharram 1095 [4 January 1684], and Amcazâde Hüseyin Pasha was first imprisoned and then removed from Istanbul with the beylerbeyilik of Şehrizor. No information was found in other sources about Merzifonlu Hüseyin Efendizâde Hasan Pasha, who is said to have moved from the chief treasurership to the governorship of Temesvár.

Kara İbrâhim Pasha's Cadre from Amasya

The replacement of the Merzifon men by men of Amasya is the most important aspect of this entry for the history of Amasya. In the biography of Kara İbrâhim Pasha in his biographical volumes, Hüsameddin repeats the same list, relying on the Pasha's waqf deed and the Amasya shari'a court registers, and especially stresses it as "worthy of attention": his kethüda of the grand vizierate Gürcü Pîrî Ağazâde İbrâhim Ağa of Amasya, his mektupçu Sefer Ağazâde Yeğen Mehmed Bey of Amasya, his tezkireci Hacı Lütfullah Efendi, son of Rahmî Efendi of Amasya, his kethüda of the gatekeepers Bekir Beyzâde Ömer Bey of Amasya, his treasury clerk Yûsuf Efendi of Amasya, and his telhisci of the grand vizierate Bayram Ağazâde Osmân Ağa of Amasya. Thus throughout Kara İbrâhim Pasha's grand vizierate a significant part of the key chanceries at the center of the state was in the hands of men of Amasya.

The same biography also explains the kinship between the alaybeyi Veliyyüddîn Bey and Kara İbrâhim Pasha. According to Hüsameddin, Yeğen Osmân Pasha and Yeğen Mehmed Ağa are the sons of Veli Ağa, brother of Kara İbrâhim Pasha. That Veliyyüddîn Bey was Osmân Bey's maternal uncle shows that he was tied by marriage to the family of Kara İbrâhim Pasha. This closeness is important for understanding the birth of the faction that would soon be called the "Yeğenlis" in Amasya. In some publications based on Serbian sources it is written that Yeğen Osmân's uncle was later made sanjak governor of Herzegovina; Hüsameddin records that in 1099 Herzegovina was given to Yeğen Osmân's "maternal uncle Veli Bey of Amasya." The two records most probably tell the same appointment and merely give the kinship term differently.

The Earthquake of 1095 [1684] and the Sultan Bayezid Mosque

The earthquake Hüsameddin records is among the historical earthquakes of Amasya. In the history of earthquakes published by the Amasya Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism it is stated that in the 1684 earthquake most masonry buildings were damaged, the Sultan Bayezid Mosque was also damaged, and the effects of the earthquake were felt in Niksar too. In this history the date of the earthquake is given as 14 October 1684. The 4 Shawwal 1095 that Hüsameddin gives falls in the middle of September 1684 in the Gregorian calendar. The one-month difference may have arisen from date conversion or from an error in one of the sources.

There is a reason for Hüsameddin's saying that "some new damage" occurred in the mosque. According to Semavi Eyice's entry on the Bayezid II Complex in the TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, again based on Hüsameddin's findings, the mosque was badly damaged in the earthquake of 999 [1590], and in the earthquake of 1079 [1668-69] the domes collapsed, the two minarets were bent, and the domes of the imaret and tabhane fell in. This last damage was repaired within a year by the trustee İbrâhim Ağa of Merzifon. The earthquake of 1684 damaged a newly repaired building once more. According to the history of earthquakes, the 1668 earthquake is the greatest earthquake of the region, and it is estimated that the entire fault line between Niksar and Bolu ruptured.

Arapgirli Ca'fer Pasha

Arapgirli Ca'fer Pasha, Beylerbeyi of Van, who the last sentence of the entry says was appointed to the governorship of Sivas, is most probably the Ca'fer Pasha later known by the nickname "Koca." According to Dilek Seniha Cenez Ülker's study of Koca Cafer Pasha's military activities, this pasha was raised in the Enderun, was first governor of Kars and then beylerbeyi of Erzurum and Van, in 1685 became governor of Sivas with the rank of vizier, in 1097 [1686] beylerbeyi of Diyarbekir, and then fought for many years on the Habsburg frontiers. The move from Van to Sivas and the date agree with Hüsameddin's record. In the local records of the Arapgir District Governorate too the name of a Cafer Pasha appears among the pashas of Arapgir, and it is stated that in the district there is a mosque known by his name. But none of these sources says explicitly that the two are the same person; the identity remains a possibility.

Bibliography

Primary sources

Academic studies

Official sources

Other sources

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