İstanbulludur. Malatyalı Sarı Süleyman Paşazâde’dir. 1097 senesi muharreminin on üçüncü günü Amasya mutasarrıfı olup geldi. Muharremin yirmi ikinci günü Sadr-ı a’zam Kara İbrâhim Paşa da azledildi. [179]
Safer gurresinde Kethüdâ-yı Sadr-ı Âlî Gürcü Pîrîzâde İbrâhim Ağa vezâretle Şam vâlisi oldu. Reîsü’l-küttâb Amasyalı Mehmed Bey makâm-ı riyâsette kaldı. Basra Vâlisi Abdî Paşa, Sivas vâlisi olup geldi.
Ancak sadr-ı ma‘zûlün yeğeni olan Osmân Bey irtikâp ve şirretle lisâna geldiğinden Ilgın Voyvodalığı ile İstanbul’dan ref‘ edildi. Tezkireci Amasyalı el-Hâc Lütfullah Efendi de Amasya’ya gönderildi.⁶⁷³
Kara İbrâhim Paşa, pederi Ahmed Ağa Amasya’da Hoca Ahmed Paşa kethüdâsı olduğu esnada tevellüd etmiş olduğundan Amasya’ya ve Amasyalılara teveccüh ve muhabbeti vardı. Haddizâtında gaddâr ve mekkâr adamdı. Fakat Amasyalılara karşı uluvv-i cenâbı vardı. Sâye-i ikbâlinde pek çok Amasyalılar tefeyyüz etmişlerdi.
Bu sebepten Kara İbrâhim Paşa, Amasya ricâlini ikiye ayırmışdı. Çünkü Kara İbrâhim Paşa, mesned-i sadârete geldiğinde büyük lütuflarını gördüğü Köprülü hânedânına karşı derûnunda muzmer olan kin ve adâveti meydana vurdu.
Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Paşa’nın vezâretini ref‘ ederek tekâüde sevk etdi. Ammizâdesi Köprülü Hüseyin Paşa’yı Şehr-i Zor’a gönderdi. Eniştesi Siyavuş Paşa’yı Mora’ya, diğer eniştesi Zeynel Paşa’yı Ohri’ye attı. [180]
Sadâretten azlini müteâkip Köprülü taraftarı olan Mumcuzâde Seyyid Ahmed Ağa, Köprülü muhibbi olan a‘yân ve sâdâtın başına geçti. Kara İbrâhim Paşalılara karşı bir vaziyet aldı. Kara İbrâhim Paşalılar da Ilgın’dan Yeğen Osmân Bey’in başına üşüşüp tahazzüb etmişlerdi. Amasya’da Alaybeyi Veliyyüddîn Bey de bunların başı idi. Bunlara Amasya’da “Yeğenli” dendi.
Yeğen Osmân Bey’in başına toplanan ma‘zuller, sipâhiler, leventler, Kara İbrâhim Paşa’yı sadârete tekrar getirmek hevâsını tutturmuşlardı. Mumcuzâde Seyyid Ahmed Ağa, Amasya Mutasarrıfı Yûsuf Paşa’yı â‘mâline muvâfık göremediğinden Yeğenliler’in hevâsında olduğunu makâm-ı şikâyette dermeyân ederek bîçâreyi şâibedâr etmişdi.
Yeğen Osmân Bey, Kara İbrâhim Paşa’nın birâderzâdesi idi.⁶⁷⁴ Bunun birâderi Yeğen Mehmed Bey idi. Yeğenliler’in davası, Sadr-ı a’zam Hersekli Süleyman Paşa’yı fena halde kuşkulandırdı.
Rebîülâhirde Amasya Mutasarrıfı Yûsuf Paşa’nın azli ve rütbesinin ref‘iyle Amasya sancağı, Tekfûr Dağı’nda mukîm olan sâbık Şam Vâlisi Vezîr Çelebi İbrâhim Paşa’ya ber-vech-i hâss tevcîh edildi.
In Modern English
He was from Istanbul. He was the son of Malatyalı Sarı Süleyman Pasha. On the thirteenth day of Muharram 1097 [1685] he came as governor of Amasya. On the twenty-second day of Muharram Grand Vizier Kara İbrâhim Pasha was also dismissed.
On the first day of Safar the kethüda of the grand vizierate Gürcü Pîrîzâde İbrâhim Ağa became governor of Damascus with the rank of vizier. Reisülküttap Mehmed Bey of Amasya remained in his post. Abdî Pasha, Governor of Basra, came as governor of Sivas.
But since the dismissed grand vizier's nephew Osmân Bey had become talked about for his evil deeds and shrewishness, he was removed from Istanbul by being given the voivodeship of Ilgın. The tezkireci Hacı Lütfullah Efendi of Amasya was also sent to Amasya.
Because Kara İbrâhim Pasha had been born while his father Ahmed Ağa was kethüda of Hoca Ahmed Pasha in Amasya, he held a closeness and affection toward Amasya and the people of Amasya. In essence he was a cruel and deceitful man; but he behaved magnanimously toward the people of Amasya. Under the shadow of his prosperity many men of Amasya had risen.
For this reason Kara İbrâhim Pasha had divided the notables of Amasya in two. For when Kara İbrâhim Pasha came to the grand vizierate, he revealed the rancor and enmity he had hidden within him toward the Köprülü dynasty, whose great kindnesses he had received.
He abolished the vizierate of Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha and retired him. He sent his paternal cousin Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha to Şehrizor. He cast his brother-in-law Siyavuş Pasha to the Morea and his other brother-in-law Zeynel Pasha to Ohrid.
After Kara İbrâhim Pasha's dismissal from the grand vizierate, Mumcuzâde Seyyid Ahmed Ağa, a supporter of the Köprülüs, took charge of the notables and sayyids who were sympathetic to the Köprülüs and took a stand against the supporters of Kara İbrâhim Pasha. The supporters of Kara İbrâhim Pasha, for their part, had crowded around Yeğen Osmân Bey, who was in Ilgın, and formed a faction. In Amasya the Alaybeyi Veliyyüddîn Bey was at their head. In Amasya they were called "Yeğenli."
The dismissed officials, sipahis, and levends gathered around Yeğen Osmân Bey were seized with the eagerness to bring Kara İbrâhim Pasha back to the grand vizierate. Since Mumcuzâde Seyyid Ahmed Ağa found the Governor of Amasya Yûsuf Pasha unsuited to his own affairs, he claimed by way of complaint that he shared the Yeğenlis' eagerness and put the poor man in a tainted position.
Yeğen Osmân Bey was the son of Kara İbrâhim Pasha's brother. His brother was Yeğen Mehmed Bey. The Yeğenlis' cause badly aroused the suspicion of Grand Vizier Hersekli Süleyman Pasha.
In Rabi' al-Thani the Governor of Amasya Yûsuf Pasha was dismissed and his rank was also taken from him; the sanjak of Amasya was given as has to Vizier Çelebi İbrâhim Pasha, the former Governor of Damascus living at Tekirdağı.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- sadr-ı ma'zûl: dismissed grand vizier
- irtikâb: evil deeds, bribery and corruption
- şirret: quarrelsomeness, shrewishness
- lisâna gelmek: to become talked about
- tevellüd etmek: to be born
- teveccüh: closeness, favor
- haddizâtında: in essence, at heart
- gaddâr ve mekkâr: cruel and deceitful
- uluvv-i cenâb: magnanimity, generosity
- sâye-i ikbâl: the shadow of one's fortune and rise
- ricâl: notables, statesmen
- mesned-i sadâret: the office of grand vizier
- derûnunda muzmer: hidden within him
- ammizâde: paternal cousin
- muhib: one who loves, a supporter
- tahazzüb: forming factions
- ma'zul: one dismissed from office; levent: irregular paid soldier
- makâm-ı şikâyet: the path of complaint
- şâibedâr: tainted, suspect
- birâderzâde: a brother's son
- ber-vech-i hâss: as has, the revenues belonging directly to him
Hüsameddin's Footnotes
Hüsameddin adds two short notes in this entry. In the first he says that the tezkireci Hacı Lütfullah Efendi, sent to Amasya, is the earliest ancestor of the Hacı Lûtoğulları family in Amasya. In the second he cites a document for Yeğen Osmân Bey's kinship: he himself saw that in all the treasury registers and the registers of the palace kitchen Yeğen Osmân Bey was written as "Birâderzâde-i sadr-ı âlî Yeğen," meaning "the grand vizier's brother's son." This note is valuable for the debate on Yeğen Osmân's origin.
Kara İbrâhim Pasha's Birthplace
Hüsameddin ties Kara İbrâhim Pasha's closeness to Amasya to his having been born in Amasya. In the entry written by Abdülkadir Özcan in the TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, however, there is different information: Kara İbrâhim Pasha was born in 1030 [1620-21] in the village of Handevrek (Hınzeverek) in the kaza of Kelkit, attached to Bayburt and today to Gümüşhane, and is the son of a villager named Katırcı Ahmed. The biography of Kara İbrâhim Pasha in Hüsameddin's own biographical volumes also indirectly supports this information; there two waqf deeds of the Pasha are mentioned, and at the head of the charities in the deeds is a mosque he had built in the village of Hınzeverek in his mother's name. In the same deeds there is also a school in the Bâyezîd Pasha quarter of Amasya. In that case it may be thought that Kara İbrâhim Pasha's tie with Amasya arose less from his birthplace than from his father's service in Amasya and from the relations he himself formed with the people of Amasya. According to Hüsameddin the Pasha's foster brother is also Memi Beyzâde İsmâil Pasha of Amasya.
Hüsameddin's description "cruel and deceitful" also agrees with the general assessment of contemporary sources. According to what Özcan reports, in the sources of the period Kara İbrâhim Pasha is portrayed as extremely cunning, intelligent, ambitious, and cruel toward those who harmed his interests; Silâhdar Mehmed Ağa accuses him in severe terms, while Râşid uses more cautious language.
The Dismissal and the Stance toward the Köprülüs
The 22 Muharram 1097 that Hüsameddin gives for the dismissal is only one day after the 21 Muharram 1097 [18 December 1685] of the TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. According to the encyclopedia, the grand vizier, using his illness as a pretext, did not go to the front for a long time; the sultan finally ordered him firmly to go to the front, and when he again pleaded illness he was dismissed, with the Chief Black Eunuch also intervening. The cruelty of the officials in the provinces and the failure to listen to the complainants flocking to Istanbul also played a part in his dismissal.
Part of the Köprülü purge that Hüsameddin lists is confirmed by other sources. In the TDV entry on Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha it is written that after Kara Mustafa Pasha's execution he was brought to the vizierate under the Dome, but that, through the effect of "the rancor of the new grand vizier Kara İbrâhim Pasha toward the Köprülü family" and the sultan's resentment of the Köprülüs, he was retired before long. In the TDV entry on Amcazâde Hüseyin Pasha too it is recorded that after the defeat at Vienna he was first imprisoned and soon afterward, in early 1684, removed from Istanbul with the beylerbeyilik of Şehrizor. Siyavuş Pasha's case is somewhat different. According to Fikret Sarıcaoğlu's entry, Siyavuş was removed from his post on 16 Muharram 1095 [4 January 1684], but a few months later became ağa of the sipahis and then governor of Diyarbekir with the rank of vizier and fought before Buda. Hüsameddin's record that he was sent to the Morea does not appear in this entry.
Differing Accounts of Yeğen Osmân's Origin
Yeğen Osmân is one of the most debated figures of Ottoman history at the end of the seventeenth century. Hüsameddin explicitly introduces him as the son of Veli Ağa, brother of Kara İbrâhim Pasha, and cites as proof the record "Birâderzâde-i sadr-ı âlî" in the archival registers. Other sources give different accounts. In the entry in the Türk Edebiyatı İsimler Sözlüğü, relying on an article published in 1939 in a Çorum journal, it is said that Yeğen Osmân Pasha was the son of a man named Baba Pasha from the village of Çöplü in the Alaca district of Çorum; the same entry also reports a poem attributed to him bearing the line "Let Yeğen speak the name of Çorumlu." Some sources write that he was of Turkmen origin. A Western writer's claim that he was of Armenian and Christian origin and married a daughter of Mehmed IV is, as Osman Karatay notes, confirmed by no other source, and its dates do not agree with Yeğen Osmân's life.
Yeğen Osmân's later life is clearer in the sources. He was in Anatolia at the head of sekban units, became a sanjak governor and serçeşme, came to the fore in the army revolt of 1687, served for a few months as beylerbeyi of Rumeli after the accession of Süleyman II, then rose against the new sultan; in 1688, while governor of Belgrade, the city fell into the hands of the Habsburg army, and finally, by a decree issued on the insistence of Crimean Khan Selim Giray, he was killed in 1689. The story that Hüsameddin begins with the "voivodeship of Ilgın" is followed in the later entries up to this great revolt.
The "Yeğenlis" and the Division in Amasya
The most original aspect of the entry is its telling that Kara İbrâhim Pasha's fall led to a two-sided division in Amasya. On one side are Mumcuzâde Seyyid Ahmed Ağa, a supporter of the Köprülüs, and the sayyids; on the other the men of Kara İbrâhim Pasha and the "Yeğenlis," headed by the alaybeyi Veliyyüddîn Bey. No other source was found in which the name "Yeğenli" is used for a local political faction; this information rests on Hüsameddin's own research. It is understood that Yûsuf Pasha fell victim in this contest to Mumcuzâde's complaint; Hüsameddin uses the word "poor man" (bîçâre) for him. No information was found in other sources about Yûsuf Pasha's later life.
Hersekli Süleyman Pasha
"Hersekli Süleyman Pasha," named at the end of the entry, is Sarı Süleyman Pasha, who became grand vizier in place of Kara İbrâhim Pasha. According to information based on Uzunçarşılı and the Sicill-i Osmânî, he was of Bosnian origin and born in the town of Prepolje in the sanjak of Herzegovina; he served as grand vizier between 18 December 1685 and 23 September 1687. Hüsameddin's epithet "Hersekli" points to this birthplace. It is probable that the nickname "Sarı" in the phrase "Malatyalı Sarı Süleyman Pasha," used at the beginning of this entry for Yûsuf Pasha's father, was also confused with this grand vizier's nickname; Malatyalı Süleyman Pasha appears in the sources with the nickname "Koca."
Bibliography
Primary sources
Academic studies
- Abdülkadir Özcan, "İbrâhim Paşa, Kara", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 2000. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ibrahim-pasa-kara
- Abdülkadir Özcan, "Köprülüzâde Fâzıl Mustafa Paşa", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 2002. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kopruluzade-fazil-mustafa-pasa
- M. Münir Aktepe, "Amcazâde Hüseyin Paşa", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 1991. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/amcazade-huseyin-pasa
- Fikret Sarıcaoğlu, "Siyavuş Paşa, Köprülü Damadı", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 2009. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/siyavus-pasa-koprulu-damadi
- Bekir Kütükoğlu, "Süleyman Paşa, Malatyalı", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, 2010. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/suleyman-pasa-malatyali
Books
Other sources