Amasya’nın kurb-i şimâlisinde kâin Alevî köyünden Alî bin Ahmed Kethüdâ mahdûmudur. Halk arasında Alevîköylü Hacı Bayrâm Efendi demekle meşhûrdur. Amasya’da hıfz-ı Kur’ân etdikten sonra “Tebyînü’l-Mehârim” mü’ellifi el-Hâc Sinâneddîn Yûsuf ve Bahşîzâde Fâzıl Necmeddîn Yahyâ Efendilerden ikmâl-i tahsîl etdi.
Yıllarca ders-i âm olup tedrîs-i ulûma muvâzabet ederek nice şâkirdân-ı irfânı yetişti. Hızır Paşa, Ayâs Ağa, Hüseyin Ağa Medreseleri’ne sırasıyla müderris oldu. Bir kaç defa teklif edilen kazâyı reddederek [450] tedrîs ve ifâde mesleğine devam etdi.
Kendisi Temennâ Mahallesi’nde ikâmet etdiği münâsebetle “Temennâyî”mahlasını aldı. Fethiye Câmi-i şerîfinde Beyzâvî tefsîrine başladı. 1018’de Atabeg Gâzi Medresesi’yle mütekâ’id olup 1026’da tefsîri hatmetdikten bir kaç mâh sonra vefât etdi.
Abdî Efendi Tezkiresinde diyor ki: Temennâyî el-Hâc Bayrâm Efendi, ulûm-i âkliyye ve nakliyyede mâhir, fakîh, müteşerri, fâzıl, edîb, vecîh bir zât idi. Mahdûmları Hızır, Abdülhalîm, Abdülazîz Efendilerdir. Bunlara Hacı Bayrâmzâdeler dendi.
Hızır Efendizâde Mehmed Efendi kudâttandır. Mevâlîden şârihü’l-Menâr Abdulhalîm Efendizâde müverrih-i meşhûr Ahmed Efendi fuzalâdandır. Kudâttan Abdülaziz Efendizâde Mehmed, Mustafa Efendiler de ulemâdandır.
In Modern English
He was the son of Ali, son of Ahmed Kethüdâ, from the village of Alevî near the north of Amasya. Among the people he is famous as Alevîköylü Hacı Bayram Efendi. After memorizing the Qur'an in Amasya he completed his studies under Hacı Sinaneddin Yusuf, author of "Tebyînü'l-Mehârim", and under the virtuous Bahşîzâde Necmeddin Yahya Efendi.
For years he gave open lectures and kept up the teaching of the sciences, raising many pupils. He became professor in turn at the Hızır Pasha, Ayas Ağa and Hüseyin Ağa Madrasas. He refused the judgeship that was offered to him several times and continued on the path of teaching and spreading knowledge.
Because he lived in the Temennâ quarter he took the pen name "Temennâyî". At the Fethiye Mosque he began to teach the Beyzâvî commentary. In 1018 [1609-10] he retired with the Atabeg Gazi Madrasa; in 1026 [1617-18], a few months after finishing the commentary, he died.
In the Tezkire of Abdî Efendi it is said: Temennâyî Hacı Bayram Efendi was a master of the rational and the transmitted sciences, a jurist, devoted to the sharia, a virtuous man, a man of letters and a respected person. His sons were Hızır, Abdülhalim and Abdülaziz Efendi. They were called Hacı Bayramzâdes.
Mehmed Efendi, son of Hızır Efendi, was among the judges. Ahmed Efendi, the famous historian, son of Abdülhalim Efendi, commentator on the Menâr, of the learned class, is among the scholars. Mehmed and Mustafa Efendi, sons of Abdülaziz Efendi, one of the judges, were also among the scholars.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- kurb-i şimâl: a place near the north
- kethüdâ: steward, a person who runs the affairs of a community or an administrator
- hıfz-ı Kur'ân: memorizing the Qur'an
- ders-i âm: one who gives open lectures, a teacher who has received a licence
- muvâzabet: persistence, not neglecting
- şâkirdân-ı irfân: pupils of knowledge
- mütekâ'id: retired
- tedrîs ve ifâde: teaching and imparting knowledge
- ulûm-i âkliyye ve nakliyye: the rational and the transmitted sciences
- vecîh: respected, of standing
- şârih: one who explains a work, who writes a commentary
- müverrih: historian
- mevâlî: the learned class, those on the path to professorships and judgeships
His Teacher Sinaneddin Yusuf
The author of "Tebyînü'l-Mehârim" in the text, Sinaneddin Yusuf, was a scholar born in Amasya who was known by the epithet "Muhaşşî" (writer of glosses). His father's name was Hüsameddin and his grandfather's İlyas. He is known to have died in 986 [1578]. The gloss he wrote on the Beyzâvî commentary was regarded as respected by the scholars of his time, and the work is today the subject of academic studies. He served as kazasker of Anatolia and was important enough to be chosen to lead the funeral prayer of Ebüssuûd Efendi. It is very probable that the "Hacı Sinaneddin Yusuf" of Hüsameddin is this scholar; but this is an inference, because the sources that were read do not mention Temennâyî as his pupil. Library records also state that the same man wrote a work of jurisprudence called Tebyînü'l-Mehârim; this record could not be verified.
His teacher died in 986, while Temennâyî died in 1026. The forty years between show that Temennâyî finished his studies before 986 and then taught for many years, which agrees with the text's "for years he gave open lectures". That he began teaching the Beyzâvî commentary also agrees with his teacher's being known for a gloss on Beyzâvî; this is an inference.
The Fethiye Mosque
The Fethiye Mosque, where Temennâyî gave his commentary lessons, is a building converted from a Byzantine church. The church is thought to have been built in the seventh century; in the Danishmendid period it was converted into a mosque by Fetih Gazi, governor of Amasya, and took the name Fethiye. A minaret was added in 1883 by İncezade Hacı Mehmed; the mosque was repaired and opened in 1956 and last restored in 2006. Because very little of the old church building survives, its features cannot be identified.
The Madrasas and the Family
Sufficient information was not found in the sources that were read about the Hızır Pasha Madrasa, the Ayas Ağa Madrasa, the Hüseyin Ağa Madrasa and the Atabeg Gazi Madrasa. It is known that Nasıreddin Ahmed Atabey, of the Atabeyzâdes, while governor of Amasya in 1322-1327 had the Atabey Madrasa built and endowed all his property to it; the building that Hüsameddin calls the "Atabeg Gâzi Madrasa" may be connected with it, but this is an inference. No information was found in the sources that were read about the village of Alevî, the Temennâ quarter, the Tezkire of Abdî Efendi, Hızır, Abdülhalim and Abdülaziz Efendi and their grandsons, or Ahmed Efendi, son of Abdülhalim Efendi, commentator on the Menâr. Library records state that a historian called "Şârihü'l-Menârzâde Ahmed Efendi" was born in Amasya, but the details could not be verified.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 398–398. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
- İbrahim Elhassun, "Sinaneddin Yusuf'un (Ö.H.986) Beydavi Haşiyesi'nin Tasnif Yöntemi ve Metodolojisi", Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2020. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sduifd/issue/59064/656820
- İbrahim Elhassun, "Sinâneddin Yûsuf'un (Ö.H. 986) Beydâvî Hâşiyesi'nin Tahkiki (En'âm ve A'râf Sûreleri)", master's thesis, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 2020.
- "Atabeyzadelerin Amasya'nın Siyasi ve Sosyal Tarihindeki Yeri ve Önemi", MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mjss/article/485672
Official sources
- "Fethiye Camii (Amasya)", T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Kültür Portalı.