Musulludur. Amasyalı Abdülcelîlzâde Abdülcelîl Ağa bin Hacı Hüseyin Ağa bin Abdülcelîl Efendi mahdûmu Musul mütesellimi ve gümrük emîni Hacı Mehmed Ağa'nın oğludur.⁷⁰⁰ Amcası Hacı İsmâ'il Paşa'nın dâmâdı olup 1141 senesi şevvâlinin gurresinde Amasya mutasarrıfı ve kethüdâyeri Taşçıoğlu Hacı Ahmed Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu.
Bunu müte'âkib Amasyalı Hoca Paşazâde Hacı İbrâhim Paşa da Sivâs beylerbeyi olup vâlî, mutasarrıf, alaybeyi Yeğen Bekir Bey, serdâr ve yeniçeriler de Revân harbine gitdiler. Esbak kul kethüdâsı Amasyalı Türk [45] Şa'bân Ağa'nın kölesi Şâhin Mehmed Ağa Revân harbinde yeniçeri ağası vekîli olup Amasya serdârı Türk Şa'bânoğlu Altıncı Hüseyin Ağa'nın şecâ'atını ve yararlığını görmekle kendisine dâmâd etdi.
Bu sene Yörgüç Paşa vakfı mütevellîsi Amasya erkânından Yörgüçoğlu Hacı Ömer Bey bin Mustafâ Bey'in vefâtına binâ'en mahdûmu Hacı Ahmed ve amcazâdeleri Hacı Mustafâ Bey bin Osmân Bey ve Mehmed Bey bin Mehmed Bey müştereken vakfa mütevellî oldular.
1142 senesi muharrem gurresinde Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrâhim Bey baş a'yân, Dânişoğlu Hacı Osmân Efendi hacıbaşı ve ayın yirmisinde Sancıoğlu Hacı Hasan Ağa şehir kethüdâsı, Sarı Beyzâde Osmân Bey de alaybeyi oldu.
Safer gurresinde Revân harbine giden Amasya mütesellimi Hacı Ahmed Ağa'nın yerine Yeğenzâde Hacı Osmân Bey mütesellim oldu ise de rebî'ulevvelde bu da Revân'a gitdiğinden Murâdoğlu Hacı Mehmed Ağa Amasya kâ'im-makâmı oldu.
Rebî'ulâhir gurresinde Hacı Abdullâh Efendi Amasya nâ'ibi ve cemâziyelevvelin yirmi beşinde Amasya serdârı Sakaoğlu onsekizin [46] İsmâ'il Ağa yararlılık gösterdiğinden turnacıbaşılık pâyesiyle Gence ağası ve muhâfızı oldu.
Ramazânda esbak müftü Hocazâde Hacı Mehmed Efendi vefât etdi. Bu esnâda a'yânın birbiri aleyhinde dedikoduları şiddetlendi. Çünkü bir tarafdan baş a'yân Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrâhim Bey'in pek taşkın hareketi, diğer tarafdan da Helvâcı Hacı İsmâ'il Ağa'nın buna muhâlefeti günden güne kendini gösteriyordu. Her ikisinin de tarafdârları çokdu.
Zilka'denin on üçüncü gecesi her nasılsa kazâ'en Hacı İlyâs Mahallesi'nde Hacı İbrâhim Bey'in yaldızlı ve muhteşem konağı civârında bir hânede yangın çıkdı. Bu yangını derhâl söndürecek yerde Hacı İbrâhim Bey'in muhâlifleri tarafından kasden yakıldığı söylendi. Bu yüzden bir kızıl kıyâmet kopdu.
Her iki tarafın etbâ'ı birbirine girdiğinden yangın büyüdü. Koca bir mahalle başdan başa yandı. Kanlar akdı. Çok canlar yakıldı. Ulemâ ve meşâyih bir tarafdan, hükûmet ve zâbıta me'mûrları diğer tarafdan araya girip güç hâl ile gavgâ ve felâketin önü alınabildi.
Bu esnâda şehir kethüdâsı Hacı Hasan Ağa ve a'yândan Hacı Bâkîoğlu Hâfız Mustafâ Ağa gibi ünlü birkaç kimseler vefât etdi. [47] İki tarafdan on kadar kimseler maktûl olup pek çok hâneler yağmâ edildi. İstanbul'a şikâyetler yağdı.
In Modern English
He was a man of Mosul. He was the son of Hacı Mehmed Ağa, mütesellim of Mosul and customs superintendent; Hacı Mehmed Ağa was the son of Abdülcelîlzâde Abdülcelîl Ağa of Amasya, Abdülcelîl Ağa the son of Hacı Hüseyin Ağa, and he the son of Abdülcelîl Efendi. He was the son-in-law of his uncle Hacı İsmail Pasha. On the first day of Shawwal 1141 [30 April 1729] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya; the kethüdâyeri (official who looks after the affairs of the sipahis in the sanjak) Taşçıoğlu Hacı Ahmed Ağa also became mütesellim of Amasya.
After this Hoca Paşazâde Hacı İbrahim Pasha of Amasya also became beylerbeyi of Sivas. The governor, the mutasarrıf, the alaybeyi Yeğen Bekir Bey, the serdar and the janissaries went to the Yerevan war. Şâhin Mehmed Ağa, freed slave of the former kul kethüdası Türk Şaban Ağa of Amasya, became deputy of the janissary aga in the Yerevan war; seeing the courage and usefulness of the serdar of Amasya, Türk Şabanoğlu Altıncı Hüseyin Ağa, he took him as his son-in-law.
This year Yörgüçoğlu Hacı Ömer Bey son of Mustafa Bey, trustee of the Yörgüç Pasha waqf and one of the notables of Amasya, died, so his son Hacı Ahmed and his cousins Hacı Mustafa Bey son of Osman Bey and Mehmed Bey son of Mehmed Bey became joint trustees of the waqf.
On the first day of Muharram 1142 [27 July 1729] Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrahim Bey became chief ayan and Dânişoğlu Hacı Osman Efendi hacıbaşı; on the twentieth day of the month Sancıoğlu Hacı Hasan Ağa became city steward and Sarı Beyzâde Osman Bey alaybeyi.
On the first day of Safar, in place of Hacı Ahmed Ağa, mütesellim of Amasya, who went to the Yerevan war, Yeğenzâde Hacı Osman Bey became mütesellim; but in Rabi' al-awwal, since he too went to Yerevan, Murâdoğlu Hacı Mehmed Ağa became kaymakam (deputy) of Amasya.
On the first day of Rabi' al-akhir Hacı Abdullah Efendi became naib of Amasya. On the twenty-fifth of Jumada al-awwal the serdar of Amasya, Sakaoğlu İsmail Ağa of the eighteenth orta, because he showed usefulness, became aga and guardian of Ganja with the rank of turnacıbaşı.
In Ramadan the former mufti Hocazâde Hacı Mehmed Efendi died. At this time the notables' gossip against one another grew fierce. For on one side the very overbearing conduct of the chief ayan Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrahim Bey, and on the other Helvacı Hacı İsmail Ağa's opposition to it, showed itself from day to day. Both had many partisans.
On the thirteenth night of Dhu al-Qa'dah [around 30 May 1730], somehow, by accident, a fire broke out in the Hacı İlyas quarter, in a house near the gilded and splendid mansion of Hacı İbrahim Bey. Instead of putting this fire out at once, it was said that it had been set deliberately by Hacı İbrahim Bey's opponents. For this reason all hell broke loose.
Because the men of the two sides fell upon one another, the fire grew. A whole great quarter burned from end to end. Blood flowed, many lives were lost. On one side the scholars and sheikhs, on the other government and police officials, stepped in and with difficulty were able to head off the fight and the disaster.
At this time several well known persons died, such as the city steward Hacı Hasan Ağa and Hacı Bâkîoğlu Hâfız Mustafa Ağa of the ayan. About ten people were killed from the two sides, and very many houses were plundered. Complaints rained down on Istanbul.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- mahdûm: son
- gümrük emîni: the official who collects customs revenues
- kethüdâyeri: the official who looks after the affairs of the timar-holding sipahis in a sanjak
- alaybeyi: commander of the timar-holding sipahis in a sanjak
- serdâr: the officer at the head of the janissaries in the provinces
- kul kethüdâsı: the administrator who comes after the aga in the janissary corps
- şecâ'at: bravery, courage
- mütevellî: the person who manages a waqf
- müştereken: jointly
- turnacıbaşılık pâyesi: the rank of turnacıbaşı in the janissary corps, without an actual duty
- kazâ'en: by accident, unintentionally
- etbâ': men, partisans
- meşâyih: sheikhs
- maktûl: killed
The Celîlîs of Mosul and Amasya
The mutasarrıf of this entry, Hacı Hüseyin Pasha, is the best known member of the Celîlî family, which effectively governed Mosul from the eighteenth century until 1834. According to Mehmet İpşirli's entry in the TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Hacı Hüseyin Pasha served as governor of Mosul eight times, was in state service from 1730 until his death in 1759, and also served as mutasarrıf and governor in places other than Mosul, such as Amasya, Baghdad, Basra, Erzurum, Sivas and Kars. Thus Hüsameddin's record has the character of a local document confirming his mutasarrıflık of Amasya. The pasha's real fame comes from his defense of the city in 1743 against Nadir Shah's siege of Mosul. According to İpşirli, he gathered the people at the Kızılcami and explained the danger, had the walls repaired and ditches dug together with his brother Abdülfettah and his sons, and when the siege was repulsed was rewarded by Mahmud I with a robe of honor, a sword and money. The siege falls in September and October 1743.
Where Hüsameddin and the Other Sources Part
The genealogy Hüsameddin gives departs from present sources on two points. The first is the question of paternity. Hüsameddin shows Hacı Hüseyin Pasha as the son of Hacı Mehmed Ağa, mütesellim of Mosul, and Hacı İsmail Pasha as his uncle and father-in-law. İpşirli, however, gives İsmail Pasha as the first member of the family to be governor of Mosul, and Hacı Hüseyin and Abdülfettah as his sons. In some sources it is written that Hacı Hüseyin Pasha was first appointed governor of Mosul in 1730 and was brought to this post again seven times until 1757-58. Hüsameddin's specifically noting that he saw his information in the mukataa, financial and ahkâm registers shows that this difference deserves attention; but which is right cannot be decided from here.
The second is the origin of the family. Hüsameddin calls the family's ancestor Abdülcelîl Ağa "of Amasya" and writes in a footnote that he saw, in documents bearing his own signature, that he was trustee of the Sultan Süleyman waqfs. İpşirli, however, notes that the information that Abdülcelîl, known as the first member of the family, was a Christian, was in the retinue of the pasha of Mosul, and has his grave in a church courtyard remains hearsay. In some sources the family is traced to a Christian line that migrated from Diyarbekir to Mosul. Hüsameddin's Amasya connection is a record not found in other sources on this subject; if the information that the ancestor was from Amasya and served as waqf trustee is true, it can be thought that the Celîlîs had a past in Anatolia before settling in Mosul. This is a possibility, not confirmed by another document.
The Yerevan Campaign
The "Yerevan war," frequently mentioned in the text, is the first phase of the new period that began when Tahmasb II, who tried to raise the Safavid throne again, and his commander Nadir turned toward the Caucasus and Azerbaijan territories the Ottomans had taken in 1724. According to İlhan Gök's study, based on archival documents, Hüseyin Paşazâde Sarı Mustafa Pasha was serving as governor of Yerevan in June 1730 and was sent the same year to the Baghdad front as governor of Anatolia. That the mutasarrıf, alaybeyi, serdar and janissaries from Amasya went together to Yerevan shows that the province of Sivas was a regular source of soldiers for this front. That the administration of the city was left to deputies of deputies because the mütesellims went to the front one after another is the natural result of this situation.
The Hacı İlyas Quarter Fire
The most noteworthy part of the entry is the quarrel of the ayan turning into a fight that burned and ruined a quarter. As Özcan Mert explains, the chief ayan was the representative of the people before the central government and of the government before the people; he had a say in matters such as the distribution of taxes, the management of waqfs and complaints against administrators. These powers produced a fierce rivalry among local families. Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrahim Bey's "gilded and magnificent" mansion and his retinue, later said to be as numerous as that of a vizier, show how powerful an ayan could become. The Hacı İlyas quarter is still a living quarter in the center of Amasya under the same name today.
The date of the event is also important. The night Hüsameddin gives falls, in the Gregorian calendar, at the end of May 1730; that is, about four months before the outbreak of the Patrona Halil Revolt in Istanbul. The investigation of this fight was carried out, as will be told in the next entry, in the time of Mahmud I, who ascended the throne after the revolt.
The Yörgüç Pasha Waqf
The Yörgüç Pasha waqf, whose trusteeship was shared jointly within the family, is the waqf of the mosque built in 834 [1430] by Atabeg Yörgüç Pasha, lala of Murad II. According to Emine Naza Dönmez's description, the mosque is of the plan type with a tabhane and zawiya, and a tomb lies to its west. That three hundred years later the management of the waqf was still in the hands of the "Yörgüçoğulları" is a fine example showing that family waqfs endured across generations in Amasya.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 4, Supplement (Bakiyye), p. 640–641. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
- Mehmet İpşirli, "Celîlî", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/celili
- İlhan Gök, "Diyarbekir Valisi Hüseyin Paşa-zâde Sarı Mustafa Paşa'nın Hayatı ve Muhallefatı", Hazine-i Evrak Arşiv ve Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2/2, 2020, p. 23-57.
- Özcan Mert, "Âyan", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ayan
- Emine Naza Dönmez, "Yörgüç Paşa Camii", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/yorguc-pasa-camii
- Azmi Özcan, "Nâdir Şah", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/nadir-sah--iran
Other sources