Çankırılıdır. Can Arslan Paşazâde Hüseyin Paşa'nın oğludur. 1143 senesi muharrem gurresinde Amasya mutasarrıfı olup geldi. Her iki tarafdan yüz kadar kimseleri tevkîf ederek tahkîkâtına başladı.
Eski bir hânedân olan Hoca Paşazâde el-Hâc Ömer Ağa bin Gâzî İbrâhim Bey baş a'yân ve Pîrî Ağa oğlu Hacı Osmân Ağa hacıbaşı, Yakası Tellioğlu Hacı Ahmed Ağa da şehir kethüdâsı olmuşdu. Vak'adan doğan da'vâlara bakmak üzere Iydîzâde Âkif Mustafa Efendi de bâ-fermân-ı âlî hâkim oldu. Fakat Selîm Paşa, Amasya'nın a'yân ve halkı arasındaki tefrika ve cidâlin büyük, hâdis olan vak'anın pek mühim, Hacı İbrâhim Bey'e karşı vaz'iyyetin müşkil olduğunu gördü. Çünkü Hacı İbrâhim Bey'in kapısı halkı bir vezîrin ma'iyyeti kadar çok ve muntazam idi.
Zâten Îrân harbi de pek kızışmış, Nâdir Şâh'ın her tarafda galebesi yüzünden bir ân evvel dâru'l-harbe hareketi ta'cîl edilmişdi. Vaz'iyyeti olduğu gibi bâb-ı âlîye bildirdi. Rebî'ulevvel [48] gurresinde Murâd Beyoğlu Hacı Mustafâ Ağa'yı Amasya mütesellimi nasb ederek Îrân harbine gitdi.
Rebî'ulevvelin on üçüncü günü tarafgîrlik ediyor diyerek müftü Şeyh Mustafâ Efendi'nin azliyle sâbık müftü Çorumlu Hâfız Mehmed Efendi yine Amasya müftüsü oldu.
Yeni cülûs eden Birinci Sultân Mahmûd'un lalası esbak kul kethüdâsı Amasyalı Hoca Alioğlu Sâlih Ağa'nın mahdûmu Osmân Ağa Rûmeli pâyesiyle kapıcılar kethüdâsı ve diğer Amasyalı Hacı Feyzullâhoğlu Gül Ahmed Ağa bin Mehmed silahdâr ağası olduğundan kapı yoldaşları Helvâcı İsmâ'il Ağa tarafı sevinmişdi.
Rebî'ulâhir gurresinde Amasya kadısı Amasyalı Mahmûd Paşazâde Hacı İbrâhim Efendi İstanbul kadısı olduğundan Ankaralı Abdülkerîm Efendi Amasya kadısı olup tarafından Hıfzîzâde Hacı Abdullâh Efendi Amasya nâ'ibi oldu.
Bu esnâda Mısır vâlîsi ve Anadolu müfettişi olan Köprülüzâde vezîr Fâzıl Abdullâh Paşa pek düzgün kapısı halkıyla büyük ve parlak bir ihtifâl içinde Amasya'ya gelip Hacılar Meydânı'nda kurdurduğu çadırlarda ikâmet ve tahkîkâta mübâşeret ederek Amasya'nın erkân ve a'yânını, ulemâ ve meşâyihini da'vet etdi. [49]
Fâzıl Abdullâh Paşa, da'vet etdiği zevâtı, esnâfın kethüdâlarını, sâdâtın nakîblerini, halkın yiğitbaşılarını tek tek dinledi. Bundan sonra Hacı İbrâhim Bey'le Helvâcı İsmâ'il Ağa'yı ve tarafdârlarından belli başlı kimseleri habs edip ilk habs edilenlerden çoklarını, aceze gürûhunu salıverdi.
Çünkü ilk def'a Selîm Paşa'nın habs etdiği adamlar, halk tabakasındandı. İçlerinde asıl vak'ayı ihdâs eden dişli kimseler yokdu. Dişli ve hâdiseyi çıkaranların her biri birer a'yâna müntesibdi. Abdullâh Paşa, vak'ayı etrâfıyla yazıp kâ'imesini ya'nî tahkîkât evrâkını bâb-ı âlîye ve dîvân-ı hümâyûna gönderdi.
Bir yıldan beri Köprü a'yânı da cidâl ve gavgâdan hâlî değillerdi. Köprü kadısı Amasyalı Alî Hulûsî Efendi'ye hitâben gelen fermân ile a'yânın münâza'alarını hall ü fasla me'mûr olmuşdu. Lâkin Köprü a'yânı Çeltekli Hacı Mehmed Ağa, Hacı Süleymân Ağa, Kirâzoğlu Hacı Hüseyin Ağa pek cür'etkâr olduklarından mes'ele bir türlü halledilemiyordu. Bu yüzden Abdullâh Paşa'ya şikâyetler edilmişdi.
Fâzıl Abdullâh Paşa bu mes'eleyi de halletmek üzere cemâziyelevvelin ibtidâlarında peder ve ceddinin vatanı olan Köprü'ye gitdi. [50] A'yânı barışdırdı. Köprü'de ceddinin olup kendisine isâbet eden konağıyla emlâk-i azîmesini küçük mahdûmu Ammâr Bey'e hibe ve teslîm etdiğine dâ'ir 12 cemâziyelevvel 1143 târîhli bir huccet-i şer'iyye⁷⁰¹ görüldü.
İstanbul'dan aldığı aldığı fermân ile cemâziyelâhir evâ'ilinde tekrâr Amasya'ya gelip Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrâhim Bey'le menzilcibaşı Turhallı Hacı Hasan Ağa'yı Samsun'a sürüp kale-bend etdi. Helvâcı Hacı İsmâ'il ile Dânişoğlu Hacı Hâfız Mustafâ Ağa'yı Ankara'ya, dersiâm Kara İsmâ'il ile Giritlioğlu Hacı Ebûbekir Efendiler'i Diyârbekir'e, Ortaköylü Hacı Vahâb ile Ziyâreli Hacı Ömer Efendiler'i Tokad'a, sipâhî kethüdâsı İbekli Ömer ile yeniçeri serdârı Kallâş Mehmed Ağalar'ı Sivâs'a, Sancıoğulları'nı da Karahisâr-ı Şarkî'ye gönderdi. Erbâb-ı cinâyetden on iki kimseyi de i'dâm etdirdi.
Fakat Abdullâh Paşa, Amasya'da en ziyâde baş a'yân Hoca Paşazâde Hacı Ömer Ağa'yı beğenip dâ'iresine aldı. Kendisine kethüdâ nasb ederek berâber götürdüğünden Şâhinoğlu Hacı Osmân Ağa baş a'yân oldu.
Cemâziyelâhir ibtidâlarında Amasya müftüsü [51] Çorumlu Hacı Hâfız Mehmed Efendi dâr-ı bekâya göçdüğünden sâbık müftü Tokadlı Şeyh Mustafâ Efendi yine Amasya müftüsü ve Müftüzâde Hacı Abdurrahmân Efendi Amasya nâ'ibi oldu.
Bu esnâda enderûn ricâlinden ve rikâb ağalarından miftâh ağası Amasyalı Kethüdâzâde Mehmed Ağa bin Mustafâ Ağa menfiyyen Amasya'ya geldi. Ramazânın yirmi ikisinde Köprü müftüsü ve Fâzıl Ahmed Paşa müderrisi Osmâncıklı Çelebi Hacı Mustafâ Efendi vefât edip ulemâdan Hacı Alî Efendi müftü oldu.
Zilhicce gurresinde Amasya mütesellimi Hacı Mustafâ Ağa Îrân harbine me'mûr olduğundan yerine baş a'yân Hacı Osmân Ağa Amasya mütesellimi olup Şîrîn Mehmed Ağa da nakîb kâ'im-makâmı oldu. Amasya erkânından Rahtuvân Paşazâde Hacı İbrâhim Bey vefât etdi.
1144 senesi muharrem gurresinde müftü Şeyh Mustafâ Efendi'nin azliyle Iydîzâde Âkif Efendi Amasya müftüsü ve muharrem sonlarında harben yararlığı görülen Merzifonlu Kara Mustafâ Paşa Trabzon beylerbeyi ve rebî'ulâhir gurresinde Ömer Efendi Amasya nâ'ibi oldu. [52]
In Modern English
He was a man of Çankırı. He was the son of Can Arslan Paşazâde Hüseyin Pasha. On the first day of Muharram 1143 [17 July 1730] he came as mutasarrıf of Amasya. Arresting about a hundred persons from the two sides, he began an investigation.
Hacı Ömer Ağa son of Gazi İbrahim Bey, of the Hoca Paşazâdes, an old family, had become chief ayan, Hacı Osman Ağa son of Pîrî Ağa hacıbaşı, and Yakası Tellioğlu Hacı Ahmed Ağa city steward. By imperial decree Iydîzâde Âkif Mustafa Efendi was also appointed judge to hear the cases arising from the incident. But Selim Pasha saw that the division and quarrel between the ayan and people of Amasya was great, the incident that had occurred very serious, and the position against Hacı İbrahim Bey difficult. For Hacı İbrahim Bey's kapı halkı (retinue) was as numerous and orderly as a vizier's retinue.
Besides, the Iranian war had also grown very hot, and because Nadir Shah was prevailing everywhere, it was demanded that he set out for the field of war as soon as possible. Selim Pasha reported the situation as it was to the Sublime Porte. On the first day of Rabi' al-awwal [14 September 1730], appointing Murâd Beyoğlu Hacı Mustafa Ağa mütesellim of Amasya, he went to the Iranian war.
On the thirteenth day of Rabi' al-awwal the mufti Şeyh Mustafa Efendi was dismissed, on the charge of taking sides; the former mufti Çorumlu Hâfız Mehmed Efendi became mufti of Amasya again.
Since Osman Ağa, lala of the newly enthroned Sultan Mahmud I and son of the former kul kethüdası Hoca Alioğlu Salih Ağa of Amasya, became kapıcılar kethüdası with the Rumelian rank, and Gül Ahmed Ağa son of Mehmed, son of Hacı Feyzullah, also of Amasya, became silahdar ağa, the side of Helvacı İsmail Ağa, their comrades of the same corps, rejoiced.
On the first day of Rabi' al-akhir, since the kadı of Amasya, Mahmud Paşazâde Hacı İbrahim Efendi of Amasya, became kadı of Istanbul, Abdülkerim Efendi of Ankara became kadı of Amasya; by him Hıfzîzâde Hacı Abdullah Efendi was appointed naib of Amasya.
At this time Köprülüzâde Vizier Fâzıl Abdullah Pasha, governor of Egypt and inspector of Anatolia, came to Amasya in a great and splendid procession with an extremely orderly retinue. Staying in the tents he had pitched at the Hacılar Square, he began the investigation and invited the notables, ayan, scholars and sheikhs of Amasya.
Fâzıl Abdullah Pasha heard one by one the persons he had invited, the stewards of the tradesmen, the nakîbs of the sayyids, the yiğitbaşıs of the people. After this he imprisoned Hacı İbrahim Bey and Helvacı İsmail Ağa and the foremost of their partisans; he released most of those first imprisoned, and the powerless.
For the men Selim Pasha first imprisoned were from the common people. Among them were not the influential persons who had really caused the incident. Each of the influential ones and of those who caused the incident was attached to an ayan. Abdullah Pasha wrote up the incident in all its details and sent its kâ'ime, that is, the investigation papers, to the Sublime Porte and the Imperial Divan.
For a year the ayan of Köprü had also not been free of quarrel and strife. By a decree addressed to the kadı of Köprü, Ali Hulûsî Efendi of Amasya, he had been charged with resolving the ayan's disputes. But since Çeltekli Hacı Mehmed Ağa, Hacı Süleyman Ağa and Kirazoğlu Hacı Hüseyin Ağa of the ayan of Köprü were very bold, the matter could not be resolved at all. Complaints had therefore been made to Abdullah Pasha.
To settle this matter too, Fâzıl Abdullah Pasha went in early Jumada al-awwal to Köprü, the homeland of his father and grandfather, and reconciled the ayan. A sharia deed (kadı document) dated 12 Jumada al-awwal 1143 [23 November 1730] was seen, stating that he had donated and handed over to his younger son Ammâr Bey the mansion in Köprü left from his grandfather and fallen to him, together with his great properties.
By a decree he received from Istanbul he came again to Amasya in early Jumada al-akhira and exiled Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrahim Bey and the menzilcibaşı Turhallı Hacı Hasan Ağa to Samsun and had them imprisoned in the castle. Helvacı Hacı İsmail and Dânişoğlu Hacı Hâfız Mustafa Ağa he sent to Ankara; the dersiam Kara İsmail and Giritlioğlu Hacı Ebûbekir Efendis to Diyarbekir; Ortaköylü Hacı Vahhab and Ziyareli Hacı Ömer Efendis to Tokat; the sipahi kethüdası İbekli Ömer and the janissary serdar Kallâş Mehmed Ağas to Sivas; and the Sancıoğulları to Karahisar-ı Şarkî. He also had twelve of the guilty executed.
But in Amasya Abdullah Pasha liked the chief ayan Hoca Paşazâde Hacı Ömer Ağa most and took him with him. Since he appointed him his kethüda and took him along, Şâhinoğlu Hacı Osman Ağa became chief ayan.
At the beginning of Jumada al-akhira, since the mufti of Amasya Çorumlu Hacı Hâfız Mehmed Efendi died, the former mufti Tokatlı Şeyh Mustafa Efendi became mufti of Amasya again, and Müftüzâde Hacı Abdurrahman Efendi became naib of Amasya.
At this time Kethüdazâde Mehmed Ağa son of Mustafa Ağa of Amasya, miftah ağa (key aga), of the men of the Enderun and the rikâb ağas, came to Amasya as an exile. On the twenty-second of Ramadan [31 March 1731] Osmancıklı Çelebi Hacı Mustafa Efendi, mufti of Köprü and müderris of the Fâzıl Ahmed Pasha Madrasa, died; Hacı Ali Efendi, one of the scholars, became mufti.
On the first day of Dhu al-Hijjah, since the mütesellim of Amasya Hacı Mustafa Ağa was assigned to the Iranian war, the chief ayan Hacı Osman Ağa became mütesellim of Amasya in his place, and Şîrîn Mehmed Ağa deputy nakîb. Rahtuvan Paşazâde Hacı İbrahim Bey, one of the notables of Amasya, died.
On the first day of Muharram 1144 [6 July 1731] the mufti Şeyh Mustafa Efendi was dismissed and Iydîzâde Âkif Efendi became mufti of Amasya in his place. At the end of Muharram Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha, whose usefulness was seen in the war, became beylerbeyi of Trabzon, and on the first day of Rabi' al-akhir Ömer Efendi became naib of Amasya.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- tevkîf: arrest
- tefrika ve cidâl: division and quarrel
- hâdis olan vak'a: the incident that occurred
- kapısı halkı: the retinue of a statesman, the men in his service
- dâru'l-harb: field of war, enemy land
- ta'cîl: urging haste
- bâb-ı âlî: the office of the grand vizier, the government
- tarafgîrlik: taking sides
- kapı yoldaşı: a comrade raised in the same corps, the same household
- ihtifâl: ceremonial procession
- yiğitbaşı: head of the tradesmen or the youth of a quarter
- aceze gürûhu: the powerless, those without protectors
- dişli: influential, one whose word carries weight
- müntesib: attached, belonging
- kâ'ime: official letter, report
- hall ü fasl: resolving and deciding
- huccet-i şer'iyye: official document drawn up by the kadı
- kale-bend: imprisoned in a fortress
- erbâb-ı cinâyet: the guilty
- menfiyyen: as an exile
Selim Pasha and the Can Arslan Paşazâdes
Hüsameddin introduces the mutasarrıf of this entry as the son of Can Arslan Paşazâde Hüseyin Pasha of Çankırı. Selim Pasha's second coming to Amasya and his later becoming governor of Sidon are told two entries on. No information on this person and his family was found in other sources. As far as can be understood from the entry, Selim Pasha's real role in Amasya remained limited to making the first arrests after the great fight and reporting the situation to Istanbul; the war order forced him to leave the investigation half done.
Summer 1730: Revolt, a New Sultan and a New War
The summer of 1730, when Selim Pasha came to Amasya, is also the eve of a great upheaval in Istanbul. According to Abdülkadir Özcan, Patrona Halil's men gathered at Bayezid on 12 Rabi' al-awwal 1143 [25 September 1730] and had the bazaar closed; on the night of 1 October Grand Vizier Nevşehirli İbrahim Pasha, with his kethüda and kaymakam, were handed over to be executed, and the next day Ahmed III left the throne to his nephew Mahmud. The failures suffered in the Iranian war were among the causes of the revolt. According to Azmi Özcan's entry on Nadir Shah, Nadir, taking this turmoil in Istanbul as an opportunity, won back for the Safavids the places held by the Ottomans, including Hamadan and Tabriz. Hüsameddin's phrase "Nadir Shah's victory on every side" describes these developments. It should also be remembered that Nadir had not yet taken the title of shah at that date, and had himself proclaimed ruler in 1736; Hüsameddin mentions him by the name known later.
Amasyans taking posts around the new sultan also affects the balance of power in Amasya. Hüsameddin writes that Osman Ağa, lala of Mahmud I, and the silahdar ağa Gül Ahmed Ağa came from the same corps as Helvacı İsmail Ağa and that for this reason his side rejoiced. The outcome of a quarrel among provincial ayan could depend on who held which office in Istanbul.
Köprülüzâde Abdullah Pasha's Investigation
Köprülüzâde Abdullah Pasha, who conducted the investigation, was the second son of Grand Vizier Fâzıl Mustafa Pasha and a grandson of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha. According to his biography in the Türk Edebiyatı İsimler Sözlüğü, he was brought to the governorship of Egypt in Dhu al-Hijjah 1141 [June-July 1729] and appointed to Candia again in Muharram 1144 [July-August 1731]. Hüsameddin's mentioning him in 1143 as "governor of Egypt and inspector of Anatolia" agrees with this record. The same source introduces him as a vizier versed in Arabic sciences, intelligent, prudent and just; he has a work in which he collected his Arabic poems and a book on the science of Quranic recitation. According to Osman İyişenyürek's study, Abdullah Pasha's Arabic divan is in manuscript in various libraries, and the pasha made use of the scholars of al-Azhar, especially during his governorship of Egypt.
Hüsameddin's account is a valuable example showing step by step how an Anatolian inspector conducted an investigation in the provinces. The pasha first hears all sections of the city: ayan, scholars, sheikhs, stewards of the tradesmen, nakîbs of the sayyids, yiğitbaşıs of the quarters. Then he releases the ordinary people Selim Pasha had arrested and seizes the real culprits, that is, the influential men attached to the ayan. He sends his records to Istanbul and carries out the punishments with the decree that arrives. The distribution of the exiles to different cities such as Samsun, Ankara, Diyarbekir, Tokat, Sivas and Karahisar-ı Şarkî can be seen as a deliberate measure aimed at preventing the parties from coming together and organizing again. The execution of twelve persons shows how heavily this event was taken in Amasya.
The pasha's liking the chief ayan Hoca Paşazâde Hacı Ömer Ağa and making him his kethüda is also of interest. Ömer Ağa descends from Hoca Ahmed Pasha, of the old families of Amasya; a few years later he will become mutasarrıf of Amasya with the rank of pasha and will be told in a separate entry of Hüsameddin.
Köprü and the Köprülüs
Abdullah Pasha's going to Köprü, called "the homeland of his father and grandfather," shows that the family's tie with this town was still alive. According to Mücteba İlgürel's entry on Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, the founder of the family went to the town of Köprü (today's Vezirköprü), then attached to Amasya, married Ayşe Hanım, and lived here in the years when he had fallen from favor. The deed dated 12 Jumada al-awwal 1143 [23 November 1730] showing that the grandfather's mansion in Köprü was donated to the younger son Ammâr Bey was, according to Hüsameddin's footnote, photographed by Keşşafoğlu Hacı Said Bey, one of the notables of Köprü, and sent to the author; because it is long, it is not reproduced verbatim in the book. No information on where the document is today was found in other sources. That the mufti of Köprü is called "müderris of Fâzıl Ahmed Pasha" also shows that the Köprülü waqfs still kept the town's educational institutions standing.
Iydîzâde Âkif Efendi
Iydîzâde Mustafa Âkif Efendi, appointed judge to hear the cases of the incident and made mufti of Amasya at the end of the entry, is among the well known scholars and poets of Amasya of the age. According to the Türk Edebiyatı İsimler Sözlüğü, he was the younger son of Bayram (Iydî) Efendi, müderris of the Bayezid II Madrasa and poet; toward the end of his life he withdrew from the muftiship and again served as müderris at the Bayezid II Madrasa, and died in Amasya in 1173 [1759-60]. He has a divan and a work called Bedî'a, in thirty-two maqamas, written on the model of Harîrî's Maqamat.
Points to Note
Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha, recorded at the end of the entry as beylerbeyi of Trabzon, must not be confused with the famous grand vizier executed in 1683; this eighteenth-century pasha bearing the same name will be executed, in Hüsameddin's later entries, after the rout on the Iranian front. Also, the "Hacılar Square" in the text is a place name Hüsameddin mentions often; which area it corresponds to today could not be determined from the sources.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 4, Supplement (Bakiyye), p. 641–642. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
- Abdülkadir Özcan, "Patrona İsyanı", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/patrona-isyani
- Abdülkadir Özcan, "Mahmud I", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mahmud-i
- Azmi Özcan, "Nâdir Şah", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/nadir-sah--iran
- Osman İyişenyürek, "Köprülüzade Abdullah Paşa ve El Yazması Divanının Muhtevası", Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi, 26/1, 2022, p. 23-44, https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1077165
- Mücteba İlgürel, "Köprülü Mehmed Paşa", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/koprulu-mehmed-pasa
Books
Other sources