AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · AMASYA TÂRÎHİ'NDEN ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE BAKİYYESİ

Mirzâ Alî Pasha

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Remainder of Volume 4, p. 642–643 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Mehmet ARSLAN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. "Zanalı" demekle meşhûrdur. 1144 senesi rebî'ulâhirinin on dokuzuncu günü Amasya mutasarrıfı olup Îrân harbinde olduğundan Şâhinoğlu Hacı Osmân Ağa yine Amasya mütesellimi oldu.

Bu esnâda Amasya'nın ünlü hekîmi ve Dâru'ş-şifâ tabîbi Mahmûd Efendi vefât edip yerine mahdûmu İsmâ'il Efendi tabîb oldu. Recebde mütesellim Hacı Osmân Ağa imdâd-ı seferî i'ânelerini ve Amasya askerini alıp Hemedân'a gitdiğinden Keklikoğlu Hacı Halîl Ağa bin Osmân Ağa mütesellim vekîli oldu. Müte'âkiben müftü Âkif Efendi Hicâz'a gidip kardaşı Râ'if Mehmed Efendi'yi vekîl bırakdı.

Ancak bu gidişi ve vekîl edişi şeyhü'l-islâmdan istîzân edilmemişdi. Âkif Efendi'nin müftülüğü ba'zı a'yânın işine gelmediğinden izin almaksızın Hicâz'a gitdiği meşîhata ihbâr ve şikâyet edildi. Bu yüzden şa'bânın on beşinci günü azl edilip Şeyh Mustafâ Efendi yine Amasya müftüsü ve Torun Alî Ağa da nakîb oldu.

1145 senesi muharreminde afv edilen Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrâhim Bey baş a'yân olup Helvâcı [53] İsmâ'il Ağa ile Îrân harbine me'mûr oldular. Saferde her ikisi de bütün kuvvetlerini alıp harbe gitdiler. Kaya Ali Paşazâde Hacı Süleymân Bey baş a'yân vekîli ve Bilâloğlu Hacı Bilâl Ağa da hacıbaşı ve Amasyalı Hindizâde Mehmed Ağa bin Hindi Ahmed Paşa da İstanbul'da kul kethüdâsı olmuşdu.

Rebî'ulâhir gurresinde Çetenzâde Hacı Ahmed Efendi ikinci def'a Amasya kadısı olup vusûlüne kadar Ömer Efendi niyâbetde kaldı.

Bu esnâda evkâf-ı sultâniyye mütevellîsi Hacı Velî Ağa vefât eylediğinden enderûn ricâlinden Hacı Efendizâde Ebûbekir Ağa sultâniyye mütevellîsi olup geldi.

Şevvâl ortalarında Hindîoğlu Mehmed Ağa kul kethüdâlığından ma'zûlen Amasya'ya gelip zilka'de gurresinde Apardıoğlu Mehmed Ağa serdengeçdiler ağası olarak harbe gitdi.

Bu sene imdâd-ı seferî olmak üzere Sivâs vilâyetinden istenilen yüz kırk bin İstanbul kilesi buğday ve arpadan Amasya ma'a Geldiklan kazâsına iki bin beşyüz seksen iki kile buğday ve bin dokuz yüz otuz yedi kile arpa isâbet eylediğinden mütesellim Osmân Ağa bunları toplayıp orduya teslîm etdi.

Bu sene kış pek şiddetli olduğundan pek [54] çok kar yağdı. Nisân ayında müdhiş yağmurlar yağıp karlar eridiğinden Yeşilırmak azdı, her tarafı su kapladı. Amasya'nın ortası deryâya döndü. Bunu müte'âkib azgın seller akıp dere kenârında olan hâneleri ırmağa indirdi. İnsân ve hayvân telefâtı çok olup Sultân Bâyezîd İmâreti, matbahı, bahçe duvârları harâb oldu. Ba'de'l-keşf 2099 kuruşla ta'mîrine dâ'ir mütevellî Ebûbekir Ağa'ya me'zûniyet verildi.

1146 muharreminde Hacı İbrâhim Bey Îrân harbinde yararlık ve fedâkârlık gösterdiğinden kendisine mîrâhûrluk pâyesi verilmişdi. Rakîbi Helvâcı İsmâ'il Ağa muhârebede şehîd olduğundan mahdûmu Abdullatîf Ağa'ya ze'âmet verildi. Kallâş Mehmed Ağa serdâr ve züamâdan Seyfullâh Ağa da alaybeyi ve rebî'ulevvelde Amasya mutasarrıfı Mîrzâ Paşa Ankara beylerbeyi oldu.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a man of Amasya. He is known as "Zanalı." On the nineteenth day of Rabi' al-akhir 1144 [21 October 1731] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya. Because he was in the Iranian war, Şâhinoğlu Hacı Osman Ağa again became mütesellim of Amasya (the person who administers the sanjak as the mutasarrıf's deputy).

At this time Mahmud Efendi, the famous physician of Amasya and physician of the Darüşşifa (hospital), died; his son İsmail Efendi became physician in his place. In Rajab the mütesellim Hacı Osman Ağa, taking the aid money collected for the campaign and the soldiers of Amasya, went to Hamadan, so Keklikoğlu Hacı Halil Ağa son of Osman Ağa became deputy mütesellim. After this the mufti Âkif Efendi went to the Hejaz and left his brother Râif Mehmed Efendi as deputy in his place.

But permission had not been obtained from the şeyhülislam for this going and leaving of a deputy. Since Âkif Efendi's muftiship did not suit some of the notables, it was reported to the office of the şeyhülislam, with a complaint, that he had gone to the Hejaz without permission. For this reason on the fifteenth day of Shaban he was dismissed; Şeyh Mustafa Efendi became mufti of Amasya again, and Torun Ali Ağa nakîb (representative who looks after the affairs of sayyids and sharifs).

In Muharram of the year 1145 [June-July 1732] Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrahim Bey, who had been pardoned, became chief ayan, and he and Helvacı İsmail Ağa were assigned to the Iranian war. In Safar both went to the war taking all their forces. Kaya Ali Paşazâde Hacı Süleyman Bey had become deputy chief ayan, and Bilâloğlu Hacı Bilâl Ağa hacıbaşı; Hindîzâde Mehmed Ağa son of Hindî Ahmed Pasha of Amasya had also become kul kethüdâsı (administrator who comes after the aga in the janissary corps) in Istanbul.

On the first day of Rabi' al-akhir Çetenzâde Hacı Ahmed Efendi became kadı of Amasya for the second time; until he arrived Ömer Efendi remained in the naibship.

At this time, since Hacı Velî Ağa, trustee of the sultan's waqfs (the Sultan Bayezid waqfs), died, Hacı Efendizâde Ebûbekir Ağa, one of the officials of the palace Enderun, came as trustee of these waqfs.

In the middle of Shawwal Hindîoğlu Mehmed Ağa, dismissed from the kul kethüdâlık, came to Amasya. On the first day of Dhu al-Qa'dah Apardıoğlu Mehmed Ağa went to the war as aga of the serdengeçtis (commander of the volunteer vanguard units).

This year, of the hundred and forty thousand Istanbul kiles of wheat and barley requested from the province of Sivas as aid for the campaign, since two thousand five hundred and eighty-two kiles of wheat and one thousand nine hundred and thirty-seven kiles of barley fell to Amasya together with the kaza of Geldiklan, the mütesellim Osman Ağa collected them and delivered them to the army.

This year the winter was very severe and a great deal of snow fell. In April, when terrible rains fell and the snows melted, the Yeşilırmak overflowed and water covered everywhere. The middle of Amasya became a sea. Then raging floods ran and swept the houses along the stream into the river. The loss of people and animals was great; the Sultan Bayezid Imaret, its kitchen and garden walls were ruined. After a survey, the trustee Ebûbekir Ağa was given permission to repair it for 2099 kuruş.

In Muharram of 1146 [June-July 1733] Hacı İbrahim Bey was given the rank of mîrâhurluk (headship of the palace stables) on account of the usefulness and self-sacrifice he showed in the Iranian war. Since his rival Helvacı İsmail Ağa fell a martyr in the war, a zeamet (large livelihood grant) was given to his son Abdullatîf Ağa. Kallâş Mehmed Ağa became serdar, and Seyfullah Ağa, one of the zeamet holders, alaybeyi. In Rabi' al-awwal the mutasarrıf of Amasya Mirzâ Pasha became beylerbeyi of Ankara.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • mutasarrıf: a high-ranking administrator to whom the administration of a sanjak is given
  • mütesellim: the deputy who administers the sanjak in the mutasarrıf's name when he is absent
  • imdâd-ı seferî i'ânesi: the aid levy collected from the people for the war
  • mahdûm: son
  • istîzân: asking for permission
  • meşîhat: the office of şeyhülislam
  • azl: dismissal from office
  • nakîb: representative of the nakîbüleşrâf, the person who looks after the affairs of the sayyids
  • baş a'yân: head of the notables of a city, the person who represents the people before the administration
  • niyâbet: the naibship, the office of deputy kadı
  • evkâf-ı sultâniyye mütevellîsi: manager of the sultan's waqfs
  • ma'zûl: dismissed from office
  • serdengeçti: vanguard soldier who volunteers for dangerous tasks
  • kile: a grain measure; the Istanbul kile was the official measure
  • ba'de'l-keşf: after on-site inspection and assessment of cost
  • me'zûniyet: permission
  • ze'âmet: a livelihood grant whose revenue is greater than a timar
  • pâye: a rank given without an actual duty

Who Zanalı Mirzâ Ali Pasha Is

Hüsameddin keeps this entry short, because the reader has already met Mirzâ Ali. In the record for the year 1124 [1712] in the fourth volume of the work, it is told that the sanjak of Amasya was given to "Serçeşme Mirzâ Ali Bey, whose services were seen in the Russian war." According to the information given there, Mirzâ Ali is called "Zanalı" because he was from the village of Zana, attached to Amasya; he is the son of Zanalı Ca'fer Ağa son of Mahmud Ağa, one of the hasekis of the chief of the Darüssaade. Earlier he had also served in Amasya as nüzul emini, voivode of Tokat and beytülmal emini. So the person who in 1144 [1731] took the head of Amasya for the second time was an administrator who had known the city twenty years before and had come up from a local family. In Hüsameddin's later entries it is recorded that he died in Safar 1151 [1738] while in the post of sanjak of Çankırı and cebecibaşılık.

This entry too shows the Amasya of a period. Since the mutasarrıfs were mostly at the front, the city is administered by mütesellims from local families; families such as the Gürcüzâdes, Helvacıoğulları and Şâhinoğulları both raise soldiers and compete with one another. Gürcüzâde Hacı İbrahim Bey's becoming chief ayan "pardoned" recalls how fierce these quarrels had become in the earlier years.

The Iranian War and Amasya's Burden

The "Iranian war" in the text refers to the long wars that began with the Ottomans' entry into western Iran during the collapse of the Safavid state and flared up again in the 1730s with Nadir's rise. According to Azmi Özcan's entry on Nadir Shah, the treaty signed on 10 January 1732 left Hamadan, Kermanshah and Tabriz to the Safavids and Ganja, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Shirvan and Dagestan to the Ottomans; but neither Mahmud I nor Nadir adopted this treaty and the war began again in 1733. Nadir besieged Baghdad at the beginning of 1733; with the arrival of Topal Osman Pasha to help, he withdrew wounded. The years in which Hüsameddin writes that the soldiers of Amasya went to Hamadan coincide with this uncertain and tense interval.

How the burden of campaigning was distributed among provincial cities is shown in detail by Ali Açıkel's study on the province of Sivas. Amasya was at that time one of the seven sanjaks attached to the province of Sivas, and throughout the Iranian campaigns soldiers, camels, money and provisions were continually demanded from these sanjaks. The figure Hüsameddin gives, the share of about four thousand five hundred kiles falling to Amasya and Geldiklan out of a hundred and forty thousand kiles, is a small example of this system. That the aga of the serdengeçtis went to the war is also a practice seen in the records of the time of Ahmed III in the same study.

The Darüşşifa and Its Physicians

The Darüşşifa where Mahmud Efendi, whose death is recorded, served is the Amasya Bimarhane, built in 1308-1309 in the name of the Ilkhanid ruler Olcaytu and his wife İlduz Hatun by Anber son of Abdullah. The building was a medical madrasa in which patients were treated and physicians trained; Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin, author of the first Turkish surgical book of the Ottomans, was trained here and practiced medicine here for many years. Hüsameddin's record shows that in the eighteenth century too the institution functioned as a place of service to which a physician was appointed and which passed from father to son. No information on Mahmud Efendi and his son İsmail Efendi was found in other sources. The building stands today and since 2011 has been used as the Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Museum of the History of Medicine and Surgery.

The Bayezid Imaret in the Flood of 1733

Because the Sultan Bayezid II Complex was founded right on the bank of the Yeşilırmak, it has suffered damage from the river's floods throughout history. Semavi Eyice writes that the complex, like its sibling at Edirne, was from time to time hit by river floods, and that in the flood of 1980 seventy centimeters of water collected inside the mosque. The April flood Hüsameddin describes, according to the sequence in the text, must have occurred within the Hijri year 1145, that is, in the spring of 1733. The "imaret and kitchen" that were damaged are the L-plan soup-kitchen section of the complex that still stands today. The document in the Topkapı Palace archive examined by Abdulkadir Dündar reports that the imaret was originally built as separate units consisting of a refectory, kitchen, pantry, bakery and stable, with a portico of eleven stone columns in front of it. That these sections, noted in the document as not covered with lead, remained more vulnerable to flood and earthquake than the main mosque is also understandable. The permission for repair of 2099 kuruş that Hüsameddin records is a valuable detail showing that these repairs were done through the waqf trustee.

Points to Note

At the start of the entry Hüsameddin says that Mirzâ Ali became mutasarrıf in Rabi' al-akhir 1144, then continues the events to the years 1145 and 1146, and closes the entry with his becoming beylerbeyi of Ankara in Rabi' al-awwal 1146 [August-September 1733]. The mutasarrıflık lasted about two years; but for most of this time the pasha was not in Amasya but at the front. Those who did the real work in the city were the mütesellims and the ayan.

Bibliography

Primary sources

Academic studies

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Remainder of Volume 4 contents

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