Amasyalıdır. Hacı Lûtoğlu demekle meşhûr [163] olan Hacı Ömer Ağa bin Hacı Mehmed Ağa bin Hacı Lütfullâh Efendi'nin oğludur. Dergâh-ı âlî kapıcıbaşılarından Hacı Feyzullâhoğlu Hacı Feyzullâh Efendi bin Hacı Hüseyin Ağa'nın oğlu Abdurrahmân Ağa ile müştereken 1207 muharremi ibtidâsında Amasya mütesellimi olup İstanbul'dan geldi.
Hacı Lütfullâh Ağa, sarây-ı hümâyûnda hazînedârbaşı olan Amasyalı Hasan Ağa'nın kahvecibaşılığından yetişdi. Muhassılı Süleymân Bey'den iltizâm ederek Amasya mütesellimi olmuşdu.
Muharrem intihâbında Rahtuvân Paşazâde Hacı Osmân bin Ömer Bey baş a'yân ve muhtâr-ı belde olup muharremin on ikisinde Sultân Selîm'in kahvecibaşısı ve gözdesi Amasyalı Sarı Hüsâmzâde Hüsâmeddîn Ağa vezâretle Bosna vâlîsi ve yirmi altıncı günü baş muhâsebeci Amasyalızâde Hacı İbrâhîm Reşîd Efendi sadâret kethüdâsı oldu.
Saferde Yörgüç Paşa müderrisi olan kâtib Maktûl Ahmed Efendizâde Nu'mân Efendi'nin azliyle selefi müftî-i sâbık Hacı Osmân Efendi yine müderris olarak eski mevki'ini elde etdi.
Rebî'ulevvelde kadı ile müftü arasında çıkan bir mes'eleden dolayı müftü Hacı Ahmed Efendi azl edilip selefi Hacı Hüseyin Efendi [164] Amasya müftüsü oldu. Merzifon'da Yeni Câmi' vâ'izi ünlü âlimlerden Kurdoğlu Yahyâ Efendi vefât edip yerine oğlu Hâfız Mehmed Efendi geçdi.
Cemâziyelevvel ibtidâsında mevâlîden mahkeme kâtibi Hacı Osmân Rıfkı Efendi Amasya kadısı ve Fazlıoğlu Hacı Ahmed Efendi mahkeme kâtibi oldu. Bu ayın sonlarında müftü Hacı Hüseyin Efendi'nin isti'fâsı ve ulemânın ricâsı üzerine Ürgüplü Hacı Ahmed Efendi yine Amasya müftüsü ve Menzilcioğlu Hacı Ahmed Efendi şehir kethüdâsı oldu.
Receb evâ'ilinde Anadolu vâlîsi İznikli Alî Paşa'nın kethüdâsı Amasyalı Çiğdemzâde Hâfız Mehmed Ağa mîr-i mîrânlıkla Karahisâr-ı Sâhib mutasarrıfı oldu. Buna "Seyyid Paşa" denirdi. Şevvâl evâ'ilinde Çankırı'ya nefy edilenler afv edilip geldiler.
In Modern English
He was from Amasya. He was the son of Hacı Ömer Ağa son of Hacı Mehmed Ağa son of Hacı Lütfullah Efendi, known as Hacı Lutoğlu. Jointly with Abdurrahman Ağa, son of Hacı Feyzullahoğlu Hacı Feyzullah Efendi son of Hacı Hüseyin Ağa, one of the kapıcıbaşıs of the exalted court, he came from Istanbul at the beginning of Muharrem 1207 [August 1792] as mütesellim of Amasya.
Hacı Lütfullah Ağa had been raised from the kahvecibaşılık of Hasan Ağa of Amasya, who was hazinedarbaşı (chief treasurer) in the palace. Having taken the sanjak by iltizam from the muhassıl Süleyman Bey, he had become mütesellim of Amasya.
In the Muharrem election Rahtuvan Paşazade Hacı Osman son of Ömer Bey became chief ayan and muhtar (headman) of the city. On the twelfth of Muharrem, Sarı Hüsamzade Hüsameddin Ağa of Amasya, Sultan Selim's kahvecibaşı and favorite, became governor of Bosnia with the rank of vizier, and on the twenty-sixth day of the month the chief accountant Amasyalızade Hacı İbrahim Reşid Efendi became sadaret kethüdası (steward of the grand vizier).
In Safer, Numan Efendi, son of the clerk Maktul Ahmed Efendi, professor of the Yörgüç Pasha Madrasa, was dismissed; in his place his predecessor, the former mufti Hacı Osman Efendi, regained his old position as professor again.
In Rebiülevvel, because of a matter that arose between the kadı and the mufti, the mufti Hacı Ahmed Efendi was dismissed, and his predecessor Hacı Hüseyin Efendi became mufti of Amasya. In Merzifon, Kurdoğlu Yahya Efendi, preacher of the Yeni Mosque and one of the famous scholars, died, and his son Hafız Mehmed Efendi took his place.
At the beginning of Cemaziyelevvel, Hacı Osman Rıfkı Efendi, a court clerk from among the mevalî (high-ranking kadıs), became kadı of Amasya, and Fazlıoğlu Hacı Ahmed Efendi became court clerk. At the end of this month, upon the resignation of the mufti Hacı Hüseyin Efendi and at the request of the ulema, Ürgüplü Hacı Ahmed Efendi again became mufti of Amasya, and Menzilcioğlu Hacı Ahmed Efendi became city kethüda.
In the first days of Receb, Çiğdemzade Hafız Mehmed Ağa of Amasya, steward of İznikli Ali Pasha, Governor of Anatolia, became governor of Karahisar-ı Sahib with the rank of beylerbeyi. He was called "Seyyid Pasha". In the first days of Şevval those who had been exiled to Çankırı were pardoned and came back.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- müştereken: jointly
- hazînedârbaşı: head of the ağas responsible for the palace treasury
- intihâb: election
- muhtâr-ı belde: the elected representative of the city
- gözde: the sultan's most trusted intimate
- sadâret kethüdâsı: the grand vizier's assistant who ran his internal and financial affairs
- mevâlî: high-ranking kadıs
- Karahisâr-ı Sâhib: today's Afyonkarahisar
Hacı Lütfullah Ağa and the Joint Mütesellimlik
No information on Hacı Lütfullah Ağa and his partner Feyzullahoğlu Abdurrahman Ağa was found in other sources. Hüsameddin's record nevertheless shows the administrative order of the period well. In these years the sanjak of Amasya had been given as a muhassıllık to Çapanoğlu Süleyman Bey, who lived in Bozok (see entry 73); Süleyman Bey in turn gave the sanjak by iltizam to two men of Amasya, and thus the administration passed into the hands of local families raised in the palace and with connections in Istanbul. That Lütfullah Ağa was raised under another man of Amasya, Hasan Ağa, who was hazinedarbaşı in the palace, is also one of the examples showing the place that men of Amasya gained in palace service in these years.
Sarı Hüsamzade Hüsameddin Pasha
The elevation of Selim III's kahvecibaşı Hüsameddin Ağa to the governorship of Bosnia with the rank of vizier is also recorded in the sultan's palace diary, the Dış Ruznâme. The diary writes that on the eleventh day of Muharrem 1207 [29 August 1792] the vizierate and the governorship of Bosnia were given to Hüsameddin Ağa; Hüsameddin gives this date as a day later. The same source notes, a month later on the twenty-fifth of Safer, "the departure of Hüsameddin Pasha". Hüsameddin's description "gözde" (favorite) is also apt. The author of the Ruznâme does not like him and speaks of the excessive influence he gained in the palace with complaint: he writes that he steered the other favorites beside the young sultan into meddling in affairs of state, seized most of the tax farms bringing in money in Anatolia, Rumelia and the Morea, and in the end was removed from the Enderun in Receb 1206 [February 1792]. Elsewhere in the diary it is related that Hacı Ali Haseki, voyvoda of Athens, escaped several times the execution orders issued against him through his close attachment to "the former kahvecibaşı Hüsameddin Pasha".
A memorial stone with an inscription of 1789, set up in his name, is today in the Military Museum at Harbiye in Istanbul. Hüsameddin asserts that he was of Amasya on the basis of the Enderun registers (see entry 70); the Ruznâme, however, speaks of him as "Georgian Kahvecibaşı Hüsam". This disagreement could not be resolved with the sources.
İznikli Ali Pasha and Çiğdemzade Seyyid Mehmed Pasha
On İznikli Ali Pasha, Governor of Anatolia, whose steward Çiğdemzade Hafız Mehmed Ağa was, İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı, who published the Dış Ruznâme, gives an explanatory note. According to it, Ali Bey was a descendant of Çandarlı Halil Hayreddin Pasha and one of the eşraf of İznik. Grand Vizier Halil Hamid Pasha, in order to raise men for the state, had some capable men from the provincial ayan brought to Istanbul, and Ali Bey, as one of these, after the posts of second mirahur, kapıcılar kethüdası, and, with the vizierate, deputy grand vizier, was appointed governor of Anatolia. Uzunçarşılı also relays from Cevdet Pasha that Ali Pasha seized Hasan Çavuşoğlu Hacı Bekir and his son Ömer, who did not obey the state in the sanjak of Menteşe, and sent them to Istanbul. On his steward Çiğdemzade Seyyid Mehmed Pasha no information was found in other sources.
The Sadaret Kethüdası Hacı İbrahim Reşid Efendi
The identity of Hacı İbrahim Reşid Efendi, whom Hüsameddin calls "Amasyalızade" and who he writes became sadaret kethüdası on the twenty-sixth of Muharrem 1207 [13 September 1792], could not be determined with certainty. In the notes of Fahri Ç. Derin, who studied the reign of Selim III, there is mention of a Hacı İbrahim Efendi, nicknamed "Gizli Sıtma" (Hidden Fever), who also served as sadaret kethüdası; Derin introduces him as the son of Defterdar İsmail Bey, counts him among the chief implementers of the Nizam-ı Cedid, and writes that he was killed in the Kabakçı Mustafa rebellion on 29 May 1807. Whether this person is Hüsameddin's Amasyalızade İbrahim Reşid Efendi cannot be understood from the sources we have.
Changes in the Muftiship
In this entry the muftiship of Amasya changes hands twice within a year: Ürgüplü Hacı Ahmed Efendi is dismissed because of a disagreement with the kadı and, a few months later, at the request of the ulema, becomes mufti again. Hacı Osman Efendi, who in entry 72 was exiled to Çorum on the ground that he had been made an instrument of acts of oppression, is also pardoned and returns to his professorship at the Yörgüç Pasha Madrasa; those who were exiled to Çankırı for trying to save him are likewise pardoned in the same year. It is understood that the resentments of the Canikli period were calmed within a few years under the Çapanoğlu muhassıllık.
Bibliography
Primary sources
Academic studies
- İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı, "Üçüncü Sultan Selim Zamanında Yazılmış Dış Ruznâmesinden 1206/1791 ve 1207/1792 Senelerine ait Vekayi", Belleten, XXXVII/148, 1973, https://belleten.gov.tr/eng/full-text/1301/tur
- Fahri Ç. Derin, "Yayla İmamı Risalesi", İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3, 1972 (1973), https://isamveri.org/pdfsbv/D00120/1972_3/1972_3_DERINFC.pdf
- Özcan Mert, "Çapanoğulları", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/capanogullari