Bozokludur. 1098'de Çorum'da müderris görülen Abdülcebbâr Efendi evlâdından Çapan Ahmed Paşa bin Ömer Ağa bin Abdülcebbâr Efendi'nin üçüncü oğludur. Buna Cebbârzâde dendiği gibi Çapanoğlu da denirdi.
1206 muharremi ibtidâsından i'tibâren Amasya muhassılı olup tarafından dergâh-ı âlî kapıcıbaşılarından Ömer Paşazâde Hacı Abdullâh Bey Amasya mütesellimi oldu.
Muharremin üçüncü günü baltacılar kethüdâsı Yûsuf Ağa evkâf-ı sultâniyye tevliyetiyle çerâğ edilip baltacılardan Amasyalı Kâtibzâde Hâfız Osmân Ağa mütevellî kâ'im-makâmı olarak İstanbul'dan geldi. [161]
Rebî'ulevvelde müftü Hacı Hüseyin Efendi'nin isti'fâsı üzerine ulemâ ve a'yânın ittifâkıyla Ürgüplü Hacı Ahmed Efendi Amasya müftüsü oldu. Sâbık müftünün müsevvidi ve nakîb kâ'im-makâmı Hacı Ömeroğlu Hacı Ömer Efendi bin Mehmed de azl edilip Emîr Hacıoğlu Hacı Hüseyin Efendi kâ'im-makâm oldu.
Cemâziyelevvel ibtidâsında Ahmed Reşîd Efendi Amasya kadısı olup geldi. Bu esnâda Dimetoka'da i'dâm edilen Mikdâd Ahmed Paşa'nın Amasya, Canik, Karahisâr-ı Şarkî ve Sivâs'da olan bütün metrûkâtı zabt ve tahrîr olunmak üzere Canik muhassılı Osmân Ağa'ya ve Amasya mütesellimi Abdullâh Bey'e hitâben bir fermân geldi. Bu fermân mûcibince Amasya'da mukîm olan Mikdâd Paşazâde Hasan Bey Seddülbahir'e nefy edildi.
Cemâziyelâhirde Amasya a'yânından ve meşhûr zenginlerden Arap Hüseyinoğlu el-Hâc Hüseyin Ağa vefât etdiğinden terekesi tahrîr ve vârisleri arasında taksîm edilmek üzere Anadolu kazaskeri Hayrullâh Efendi tarafından çukadârı Mehmed Selîm Ağa geldi. Kadı taksîm etdi. Bu da külliyetli rüsûm kısmeti alıp gitdi.
Receb evâ'ilinde evkâf-ı sultâniyye kâtibi hattât-ı meşhûr kâtibzâde Mehmed Sa'îd Efendi vefât edip yerine yeğeni Kâtibzâde Hâfız [162] Ahmed Kâmilî Efendi bin Abdullâh Efendi geçdi.
Şimdiye kadar cereyân eden tahkîkâtdan anlaşıldığı üzere Hayreddîn Râgıb Paşa zamânında birtakım fukarâ ahâlîye zulüm ve gadr etdikleri anlaşılan Kırgözoğlu Uzun İbrâhim, Hammâloğlu Hacı Mehmed bin Mustafâ, Kel Mûsâoğlu Hüseyin, Karatavukoğlu Mehmed, Soruklu Alî Efendi demekle ma'rûf kimseler hakkında fermân gelip Çankırı'ya nefy edildiler.
Çünkü bunlar Çorum'a nefy edilen sâbık müftü Osmân Efendi hakkında afv ve ıtlâk emrini istihsâl etmek üzere İstanbul'a adamlar göndermişlerdi. Bunu haber alan Beyhân Sultân'ın kethüdâsı Ahmed Efendi pâdişâha arz ve iş'âr eylediğinden bunlar da İstanbul'da buldurulup Çankırı'ya sürülmüşlerdir.
Ramazânda Amasya erkânından Rahtuvân Paşazâde Hacı İbrâhim Bey bin Ömer Bey vefât edip zilhicce evâ'ilinde Çorum'a nefy edilen müftî-i sâbık Hacı Osmân Efendi afv edilerek Amasya'ya geldi. Amasya sancağı Cebbârzâde Süleymân Bey uhdesinde ibkâ edildi.
In Modern English
He was from Bozok. He was the third son of Çapan Ahmed Pasha son of Ömer Ağa son of Abdülcebbar Efendi, of the line of Abdülcebbar Efendi, who is seen in Çorum as a professor in 1098 [1686–87]. He was called Cebbarzade as well as Çapanoğlu.
From the beginning of Muharrem 1206 [August–September 1791] he became muhassıl of Amasya; on his behalf Ömer Paşazade Hacı Abdullah Bey, one of the kapıcıbaşıs of the exalted court, became mütesellim of Amasya.
On the third day of Muharrem, Yusuf Ağa, kethüda of the baltacıs (halberdiers), was removed from the palace with the administratorship of the sultan's waqfs; Kâtibzade Hafız Osman Ağa of Amasya, one of the baltacıs, came from Istanbul as deputy administrator.
In Rebiülevvel, upon the resignation of the mufti Hacı Hüseyin Efendi, by the joint decision of the ulema and the ayan, Ürgüplü Hacı Ahmed Efendi became mufti of Amasya. Hacı Ömeroğlu Hacı Ömer Efendi son of Mehmed, the former mufti's draft clerk for fatwas and deputy of the nakib, was also dismissed, and Emir Hacıoğlu Hacı Hüseyin Efendi became deputy nakib in his place.
At the beginning of Cemaziyelevvel, Ahmed Reşid Efendi came as kadı of Amasya. At this time a decree arrived, addressed to Osman Ağa, tax collector of Canik, and Abdullah Bey, mütesellim of Amasya, for all the property of Mikdad Ahmed Pasha, who had been executed in Dimetoka, in Amasya, Canik, Karahisar-ı Şarki and Sivas to be seized and entered in a register. In accordance with this decree Mikdad Paşazade Hasan Bey, who lived in Amasya, was exiled to Seddülbahir.
In Cemaziyelahir, el-Hac Hüseyin Ağa Arap Hüseyinoğlu, one of the ayan of Amasya and a well-known rich man, died. Mehmed Selim Ağa, çuhadar (personal attendant) of Hayrullah Efendi, kazasker of Anatolia, came for his estate to be entered in a register and divided among his heirs. The kadı divided the estate; the çuhadar took a considerable estate-division fee and left.
In the first days of Receb, Kâtibzade Mehmed Said Efendi, clerk of the sultan's waqfs and a famous calligrapher, died; his nephew Kâtibzade Hafız Ahmed Kâmili Efendi son of Abdullah Efendi took his place.
From the investigations carried out up to that time, a decree came concerning persons known as Kırgözoğlu Uzun İbrahim, Hammaloğlu Hacı Mehmed son of Mustafa, Kel Musaoğlu Hüseyin, Karatavukoğlu Mehmed and Soruklu Ali Efendi, who were found to have oppressed and wronged some of the poor people in the time of Hayreddin Ragıb Pasha, and they were exiled to Çankırı.
For these had sent men to Istanbul to obtain an order for the pardon and release of the former mufti Osman Efendi, who had been exiled to Çorum. Learning of this, Ahmed Efendi, steward of Beyhan Sultan, reported the matter to the sultan, and these persons were also found in Istanbul and exiled to Çankırı.
In Ramazan, Rahtuvan Paşazade Hacı İbrahim Bey son of Ömer Bey, one of the notables of Amasya, died. In the first days of Zilhicce the former mufti Hacı Osman Efendi, who had been exiled to Çorum, was pardoned and came to Amasya. The sanjak of Amasya was left in the hands of Cebbarzade Süleyman Bey.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- evlâd: descent, descendants
- ittifâk: joint decision
- müsevvid: a clerk who prepares drafts of writings
- kâ'im-makâm: deputy
- metrûkât: property left by someone who died or was condemned
- zabt ve tahrîr: seizing and entering in a register
- tereke: estate, inheritance
- çukadâr: a personal attendant in the service of great statesmen
- rüsûm-ı kısmet: the fee for dividing an estate
- afv ve ıtlâk: pardoning and releasing
- istihsâl: obtaining
Çapanoğlu Süleyman Bey and His Family
Süleyman Bey is the head of the Çapanoğulları, the most powerful ayan dynasty of central Anatolia at the end of the eighteenth century. According to Özcan Mert's research, the family, also known by the names Cebbarzades, Çaparzades and Çaparoğulları, settled in the sanjak of Bozok probably in the mid-seventeenth century; it belongs to the Mamalu Turkmens. The oldest ancestor Mert knows is Ömer Ağa, who died in 1704, and his only known son is Ahmed Ağa. Ahmed Ağa became voyvoda of Bozok from 1741, his influence grew steadily, and when at last he went so far as to ask for the governorship of Maraş he was executed in 1765. The genealogy Hüsameddin gives agrees with this information, and goes back one generation further, showing as the father of Ömer Ağa Abdülcebbar Efendi, a professor in Çorum in 1098 [1686–87]. This record explaining the source of the family's name "Cebbarzade" could not be verified in other sources.
Hüsameddin mentions Süleyman Bey as Ahmed Pasha's third son; Mert, on the other hand, calls him the "younger son" and gives among his brothers the names of Mustafa and Selim Beys. His elder brother Hacı Mustafa Bey had earlier headed the family. When in April 1782 Mustafa Bey was killed by the slaves acquired by Canikli Hacı Ali Pasha, the Sublime Porte gave the governorship of Bozok to Süleyman Bey. According to Mert, the thirty years beginning with this date are the family's most brilliant period; Süleyman Bey's intelligent, cautious and generally obedient policy toward the Sublime Porte spread the influence of the Çapanoğulları beyond Bozok to Çankırı, Amasya, Şarkikarahisar, Kayseri, Adana and Ankara.
The Muhassıllık of Amasya
The appointment, which Hüsameddin gives as Muharrem 1206, agrees with Mert's record. In the 1787–1792 war Süleyman Bey sent soldiers and provisions to the front, went in 1790 with 4,000 soldiers to the Rumelian front, and the next year took part in the campaign in person. In return for these services, in 1790 the rank of great mirahur was granted to him, and in 1791 the muhassıllık of the sanjak of Amasya together with a fur robe. According to Mert, this muhassıllık lasted until 1793; Hüsameddin too says in the last sentence of the text that the sanjak was left in Süleyman Bey's hands at the end of 1206.
This appointment has a separate meaning for Amasya. The sanjak, which had passed back and forth between the Caniklis and the Çapanoğulları since the 1770s, was given to the head of the rival family immediately after the execution of three members of the Canikli family. Süleyman Bey's relationship with Amasya continued after this: at the beginning of 1805 Selim III gave Amasya to him again on condition that he establish the Nizam-ı Cedid (New Order) organization there, and in the summer of 1807, in the time of Mustafa IV, the sanjak was taken from him. Süleyman Bey died in 1813.
Mikdad Pasha's Property and His Son Hasan Bey
Hüsameddin's record on the seizure of Mikdad Ahmed Pasha's property and the exile of his son Hasan Bey to Seddülbahir is confirmed by Mert's account: Selim III sent Hasan, son of Mikdad Ahmed Pasha, whose severed head was buried at Karacaahmet, to Seddülbahir, and the property and goods of the Canikli Hacı Ali Paşazades were confiscated. According to Mert, Mikdad Ahmed Pasha also had waqfs in and around Amasya. Hasan Bey, who is told in entry 69 to have been made mütesellim of Amasya at the age of twelve, must be about seventeen at the time of this exile.
The Muftiship of Ürgüplü Hacı Ahmed Efendi
Ürgüplü Hacı Ahmed Efendi, chosen mufti in this entry by the joint decision of the ulema and the ayan, is the man who in entry 69 opposed the seizure of the waqf shops by Mikdad Pasha and his son Hasan Bey. That this scholar, whom the Canikli administration tried to cow, was raised to the city's highest religious office a few months after the family's downfall shows how the balance of power in Amasya changed. The persons exiled to Çankırı for oppressing the people in the time of Hayreddin Ragıb Pasha, and the former mufti Hacı Osman Efendi whom they tried to protect, are the other face of the same change. No information on these persons was found in other sources.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, Remainder (Bakiyye) of vol. 4, p. 676–676. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies