İstanbul’da doğup Amasya’da büyüdü. Yeniçeri ocağında kul kethüdâsı iken tekâüd edilip 1024’ te vefât eden Lâdikli Kurd Ağa’nın mahdûmudur.⁶³⁶
1039 senesi ramazânının gurresinde ber-vech-i hâs Amasya mutasarrıfı olup tarafından hazinedârı İbrâhim Ağa bin Ali Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu.
Defâtir-i Mâliye’de “Kürkçü hazînedâr” demekle meşhûr olan bu İbrâhim Ağa, esbak Amasya mütesellimi Kağnılı Ali Ağa’nın oğlu ve Aydın Paşa’nın kardeşidir. Ramazân evâsıtında Amasya’ya geldi.
Şevvâlde Kadı el-Hâc Mehmed Efendi, hastalandığından Hacı Mürüvvetzâde Mehmed Efendi, Amasya nâibi ve müteâkiben Lâdikli Vezîr Tayyar Mehmed Paşa, Sivas vâlisi ve Abaza Paşa’nın etbâ-ı meşhûresinden Amasyalı Serhoş Mehmed Ağa, Kıbrıs beylerbeyi oldu.
Zilka’de evâhirinde Üçler Mahallesinde Câmi ve Sultân Bâyezîd Câmii önünde köprü yaptıran mevâli-i kirâmdan el-Hâc Sâdî Çelebi vefât edib evkâfına kölesi ve damâdı Handân Ağa mütevellî oldu. [63] Zilhiccede Dizdârzâde Mehmed Paşa ikinci defa evkâf-ı Sultâniyye mütevellîsi olup Amasya’ya geldi.
1040 senesi gurre-i muharreminde sipâhi meşâhirinden Himmet oğlu Osmân Ağa Amasya kethüdâyeri oldu. Saferde yeniçerilerin ba’zı tecâvüzâtına binâen serdâr Altıncı Hüseyin Ağa azl olunup yerine Üçüncü Hüseyin Ağa yine yeniçeri serdârı ve rebîülevvelde Mütesellim İbrâhim Ağa, İstanbul’a gidip Sipâhî Kethüdâsı Osmân Ağa mütesellim kâ’im-makâmı ve cumâdelûlâda Amasya mütesellimi ve meşâhir-i zu‘amâdan Hüseyin Bey alaybeyi oldu.
Şevvâlde Kastamonu defterdârı Gevüklü Kara Mehmed Ağa ve zilka’dede Kastamonu Beylerbeyi Çayır Köylü Ahmed Paşa ma‘zûlen Amasya’ya gelip memûr-ı ikâmet ve Dizdârzâde Mehmed Paşa, Sivas beylerbeyi oldu. Müteâkiben Dimetokalı Ali Ağa yine Sultân Bâyezîd evkâfı tevliyetiyle çerâğ edildi.
1041 senesi gurre-i muharreminde Hacı İbrâhim Efendizâde Mehmed Efendi Amasya Kadısı olup rebîülevvelinde Mütesellim Osmân Ağa ile şehir kethüdâsı el-Hâc Osmân Ağa’nın münâsebetsiz hareketlerinden dolayı her ikisi de Karahisâr-ı Şarkî’ye nefyedilip “Yakası Telli” demekle meşhûr Amasyalı Ali Ağa, İstanbul’dan Amasya mütesellimi olup geldi. Bâlî Bey de şehir kethüdâsı oldu.
Rebîülâhirde nakîb es-Seyyid Ca’fer Çelebi’nin ref‘inden Lâdikli es-Seyyid eş-Şeyh Ahmed Efendi yine kâ’im-makâm nakîbü’l-eşrâf oldu. Cumâdelûlâda Serhoş Mehmed Paşa ve Cumâdelâhirede Mahmûd Paşalı Hasan Paşa ma‘zûlen [64] Amasya’ya gelip Mehmed Paşa’ya Saluz Karyesi a‘şâr-ı hâs verildi. Hasan Paşa da evkâf-ı Sultâniyye mütevellîsi oldu.
Receb evâilinde Amasyalı Hoca Ömer Efendizâde Abdullah Efendi Anadolu kazaskeri ve ramazânında Sarı Süleyman Ağa’nın yeniçeri ağalığında kul kethüdâsı olan Amasyalı Köse Mehmed Ağa yeniçeri ağası olup Dördüncü Sultân Murâd’ın fevkalâde itimadını kazandı. Memi Beyzâde Abdurrahman Bey de alaybeyi oldu.
Şevvâlde Başdefterdâr Mustafa Paşa’nın azline binâen şıkk-ı sânî defterdârlığından arpa emîni olan Amasyalı Hüseyin Efendi başdefterdâr ve zilhiccede Amasya ve Tokat cizye muhassılı olan Emîr Paşazâde es-Seyyid Fazlullah Bey Erzurum defterdârı ve Kâsımzâde Mustafa Ağa Amasya ve Tokat cizye muhassılı oldu.
1042 senesi gurre-i muharreminde mevâlîden Çavuşzâde el-Hâc Mehmed Efendi Amasya kadısı olup, safer evâilinde Hüsrev Paşa Kethüdâsı Amasyalı Sarı Süleyman Ağa Tımaşvâr ve Dilâver Paşa da Sivas beylerbeyi ve on ikinci günü Sultân Bâyezîd Evkâfı Mütevellîsi Hasan Paşa da beylerbeyi olduğundan Mirlivâ Pîr Hüseyin Beyzâde Derviş Bey evkâf-ı Sultâniyye mütevellîsi oldu.
Rebîülevvelde Lâdikli Vezîr Tayyar Mehmed Paşa Anadolu vâlisi ve Rebîülâhirde Amasya mutasarrıfı ve Vezîr Bayram Paşa da Rumeli vâlisi olduğundan Amasya sancağı Erzurum Kalesi’ni muhafazaya me’mûr olan Hüseyin Bey’e tevcîh edildi. [65]
In Modern English
He was born in Istanbul and grew up in Amasya. He was a son of Kurd Ağa of Lâdik, who had been retired while kul kethüdâsı (steward of the corps) of the janissary corps and died in 1024 [1615–16].
At the beginning of the month of Ramazan 1039 [1629–30] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya as a has (private revenue), and in his own name appointed his treasurer İbrâhim Ağa son of Ali Ağa as mütesellim (deputy) of Amasya.
This İbrâhim Ağa, famous in the financial registers as "Kürkçü hazînedâr" (the furrier treasurer), was a son of Kağnılı Ali Ağa, former mütesellim of Amasya, and a brother of Aydın Pasha. He came to Amasya in the middle of Ramazan.
In Şevvâl, since Kadı el-Hâc Mehmed Efendi fell ill, Mehmed Efendi son of Hacı Mürüvvet became naib (deputy judge) of Amasya; then Vizier Tayyar Mehmed Pasha of Lâdik became governor of Sivas, and Serhoş Mehmed Ağa of Amasya, one of Abaza Pasha's well-known supporters, became beylerbeyi of Cyprus.
At the end of Zilkade, el-Hâc Sâdî Çelebi, one of the valued members of the mevâlî (the high ilmiye class), who had a bridge built in front of the Mosque in the Üçler Neighborhood and the Sultan Bâyezîd Mosque, died, and his slave and son-in-law Handân Ağa became mütevelli of his waqfs. In Zilhicce Dizdârzâde Mehmed Pasha came to Amasya, having become mütevelli of the sultanic waqfs for the second time.
At the beginning of Muharrem 1040 [1630–31], Osmân Ağa son of Himmet, one of the sipahi notables, became kethüdâyeri of Amasya. In Safer, because of certain attacks by the janissaries, the serdar Altıncı Hüseyin Ağa was dismissed and in his place Üçüncü Hüseyin Ağa again became janissary serdar. In Rebîülevvel, when the Mütesellim İbrâhim Ağa went to Istanbul, the Sipahi Kethüdâ Osmân Ağa became deputy mütesellim and in Cemâziyelevvel mütesellim of Amasya; Hüseyin Bey, one of the notables among the zeamet holders, became alaybeyi.
In Şevvâl Gevüklü Kara Mehmed Ağa, Defterdar of Kastamonu, and in Zilkade Çayır Köylü Ahmed Paşa, Beylerbeyi of Kastamonu, came to Amasya dismissed and were assigned to live here. Dizdârzâde Mehmed Pasha became beylerbeyi of Sivas. Afterward Ali Ağa of Dimetoka was again favored with the trusteeship of the Sultan Bâyezîd waqfs.
At the beginning of Muharrem 1041 [1631–32] Mehmed Efendi son of Hacı İbrâhim Efendi became kadı of Amasya. In Rebîülevvel, because of the improper conduct of Mütesellim Osmân Ağa and the city kethüdâ el-Hâc Osmân Ağa, both were exiled to Şarkî Karahisar; Ali Ağa of Amasya, famous as "Yakası Telli" (Silver-Collared), came from Istanbul as mütesellim of Amasya. Bâlî Bey became city kethüdâ.
In Rebîülâhir, with the dismissal of the nakîb es-Seyyid Ca'fer Çelebi, es-Seyyid eş-Şeyh Ahmed Efendi of Lâdik again became nakîbü'l-eşrâf kaymakamı. In Cemâziyelevvel Serhoş Mehmed Pasha, and in Cemâziyelâhire Hasan Pasha of Mahmûd Pasha, came to Amasya dismissed, and the öşür (tithe) revenue of the village of Saluz was given to Mehmed Pasha as a has. Hasan Pasha became mütevelli of the sultanic waqfs.
At the beginning of Receb, Abdullah Efendi son of Hoca Ömer Efendi, a native of Amasya, became kazasker of Anatolia. In Ramazan, Köse Mehmed Ağa of Amasya, who had been kul kethüdâsı during Sarı Süleyman Ağa's janissary ağalık, became janissary ağa and won the extraordinary trust of Murad the Fourth. Abdurrahman Bey son of Memi Bey also became alaybeyi.
In Şevvâl, upon the dismissal of Chief Defterdar Mustafa Pasha, Hüseyin Efendi of Amasya, who from the second defterdarship had become arpa emini (barley steward), became chief defterdar. In Zilhicce Emîr Paşazâde es-Seyyid Fazlullah Bey, who was cizye muhassılı of Amasya and Tokat, became defterdar of Erzurum, and Kâsımzâde Mustafa Ağa became cizye muhassılı of Amasya and Tokat.
At the beginning of Muharrem 1042 [1632–33], Mehmed Efendi son of Çavuş, one of the mevâlî, became kadı of Amasya. At the beginning of Safer, Sarı Süleyman Ağa of Amasya, Hüsrev Pasha's kethüdâ, became beylerbeyi of Temeşvar, and Dilâver Pasha beylerbeyi of Sivas; on the twelfth day, since Hasan Pasha, Mütevelli of the Sultan Bâyezîd Waqfs, became beylerbeyi, Derviş Bey son of Mirlivâ Pîr Hüseyin Bey became mütevelli of the sultanic waqfs.
In Rebîülevvel Vizier Tayyar Mehmed Pasha of Lâdik became governor of Anatolia; in Rebîülâhir, since Vizier Bayram Pasha, mutasarrıf of Amasya, became governor of Rumeli, the sanjak of Amasya was given to Hüseyin Bey, charged with guarding Erzurum Fortress.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- mahdûm: son
- kul kethüdâsı: the senior administrator of the janissary corps, next after the janissary ağa
- tekâüd: retirement
- ber-vech-i hâs: as a has, that is, as private revenue
- mutasarrıf: the official who governs a sanjak
- hazînedâr: the one who keeps the coffer, assistant responsible for financial affairs
- mevâlî: scholars who have reached high ilmiye rank
- evkâf-ı Sultâniyye mütevellîsi: administrator of the sultanic waqfs
- ma'zûlen: having been dismissed
- nefyedilmek: to be banished
- a'şâr-ı hâs: granting the öşür (produce tax) revenue as a has
- başdefterdâr: head of the state's financial affairs
- cizye muhassılı: collector of the non-Muslim poll tax
Who Bayram Pasha Was
Bayram Pasha was a statesman born in Davutpaşa in Istanbul, originally of Lâdik, who rose from the Janissary Corps; his father was Kurd Ağa. In 1622 he became turnacıbaşı, in 1623 zağarcıbaşı, was assigned to levy boys in Rumeli for the janissaries, and in a short time became kul kethüdâsı and janissary ağa. While kul kethüdâsı he married Hanzâde Sultan, daughter of Ahmed I. Because the janissaries did not want an ağa who had risen from the corps, he was removed from this post and brought to a kubbe vizierate. In 1625 he became governor of Egypt, stayed there more than three years, and returned to Istanbul in 1628. In 1633 he became beylerbeyi of Rumeli and then second vizier; in 1635, during Murad IV's Revan campaign, he served as deputy grand vizier (sadaret kaymakamlığı), and in February 1636 became grand vizier in place of Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha. Hüsâmeddin's entry describes the period before this rise, the years in which the sanjak of Amasya was administered in his name.
Hüsâmeddin writes that Bayram Pasha grew up in Amasya; the encyclopedia entry gives his birthplace as Istanbul and says nothing about his being raised in Amasya. The two pieces of information do not exclude each other; only no other record was found of his childhood years in Amasya.
The years 1039–1042 (1629–1633) described in the entry are the period when Bayram Pasha was still a kubbe vizier, when the sanjak of Amasya was given to him as a "has," and he conducted affairs through his treasurer İbrâhim Ağa. Since the sanjak bey was in reality in Istanbul, the person who administered the sanjak was the mütesellim.
Bayram Pasha's attachment to Amasya continued in later years too. When, during his grand vizierate, he went to Amasya and learned that there was a water shortage in the city, he spent 20,000 kuruş of his own money to have water brought to the city and fountains built. He also had a Mevlevi lodge built in Amasya, setting aside for its sheikh 70 akçe a day and sufficient waqf for expenses. According to a study written on Mevlevism in Amasya, when the lodge's structure was damaged, Sheikh Mehmed Arif Dede conveyed the situation to the former grand vizier Bayram Pasha, and the Pasha in 1637 had water brought and a caravanserai and a Mevlevi lodge built. After this new building the lodge's waqfs were also expanded.
Bayram Pasha died suddenly at the place called Cüllâb near Urfa during the Baghdad campaign; the encyclopedia entry gives the date of death as 16 Rebîülâhir 1048 (27 August 1638) and notes that different dates are found in the sources. His body was carried to Istanbul and buried in his tomb in the Keçi Hatun neighborhood, in today's Haseki district. The Bayrampaşa district of Istanbul takes its name from him.
Other Persons in the Entry
Some persons named in the entry appear in other sources too. This entry reports that Çayır Köylü Ahmed Pasha, beylerbeyi of Kastamonu, and his defterdar Gevüklü Kara Mehmed Ağa lived in exile in Amasya in 1040 (1630–31); a later entry relates that the beylerbeyi of Sivas came to Amasya and had Ahmed Pasha of Merzifon, former beylerbeyi of Kastamonu, and his defterdar Gevüklü Kara Mehmed Ağa executed; the two names may point to the same person, but the book does not state this explicitly. That Köse Mehmed Ağa became janissary ağa and won Murad IV's trust also agrees with other studies: this ağa, who protected the sultan at a time when he was under threat of deposition and became one of the sultan's most trusted men, was executed in 1634. This subject meets us again in the entries ahead.
Hüsâmeddin's ordinal numbers such as "Altıncı Hüseyin Ağa" and "Üçüncü Hüseyin Ağa" are a method the book itself uses to distinguish janissary serdars bearing the same name from one another.
There is also a noteworthy difference in dates in this entry. Hüsâmeddin places Bayram Pasha's governorship of Rumeli in the month of Rebîülâhir 1042, which falls at about the end of 1632. The encyclopedia entry gives this appointment as 1633. The difference is a few months and may arise from the two records being kept by different calendars or recording practices; no firm judgment can be reached with the sources at hand.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 4, p. 558–559. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
Other sources