Tokatlıdır. Serdâr ve Sadr-ı a’zam Zeytunlu Halil Paşa’nın maiyetinde [53] olduğu cihetle 1037 senesi saferinin yirmisinde Amasya mutasarrıfı olup sipâhi meşâhirinden el-Hâc Abdünnebi Ağa’yı Amasya mütesellimi nasb etdi.
Rebîülevvel gurresinde sâbık Konya Mollası Sandûkîzâde Abdülcelîl Efendi, Amasya kadısı ve a‘yândan Taşcızâde Mehmed Ağa, şehir kethüdâsı oldu. Fakat Osmân Paşa pek mütecâviz bir adamdı. Verdiği emirle Amasya’yı pek ziyâde tazyîk ediyordu. Kendisine nispetle mütesellimi hakîkaten Hacı Nebi idi.
Şa’bânın gurresinde Halil Paşa sadâret ve serdârlıktan azl olunup Bosnalı Hüsrev Paşa sadâret-i a‘zâm ve ikinci defa isyan eden Abaza Paşa’nın aleyhine serdâr-ı ekrem olup Tokat’a müteveccihen hareket etmişdi.
Bunu duyan Mutasarrıf Osmân Paşa, derhal Hacı Abdünnebî Ağa’yı azlederek şa’bânın on sekizinde kethüdâyeri Köprülü Mehmed Ağa’yı Amasya mütesellimi nasb edib oldukça harekâtı ta‘dîl etdi. Fakat a‘yân ve halkın ağır şikâyetlerini tağyîr edecek derecede değildi.
Hüsrev Paşa, Hâce-i Sultânî Amasyalı Ömer Efendi’nin lutf-dîdelerinden olup Damâd-ı Pâdişâhî Amasyalı Gonca Beyzâde Hızır Paşa’nın kerîmesi Ayşe Hanım Sultân’ı tezevvüc ederek Amasya’ya karâbet-i sıhriyeyle merbût olmuş⁶³² bu sebepten zamân-ı ikbâlinde Amasyalılar’ı himâye etmişdi. [54] Amasyalı Hacı İvaz Süleyman Ağa kethüdâsı idi.
Hüsrev Paşa, ramazânın evâsıtında Amasya’ya gelip Hoca Ömer Efendi’nin birâderi Hoca Ahmed Paşa’nın konağına indi. Paşa’nın hüsn-i tavsiyesiyle Amasya mütesellimi ve sipâhî kethüdâyeri Köprülü Mehmed Ağa’yı maiyetine alıp kendisine muahharan hazînedâr tâyin etdi.
Amasya’da menfiyyen ikâmet eden Hoca Ömer Efendizâde Abdullah Efendi ile esbak ikinci defterdâr Amasyalı Hüseyin Efendi’yi ıtlâk edib müreffehen İstanbul’a gönderdi. Diğer menfî ricâli de ıtlâk ve taltîf ve Mutasarrıf Osmân Paşa’nın aleyhinde dermeyân edilen şikâyetleri istima‘ etdi.
Hüsrev Paşa, ramazânın yirmi beşinde Amasya’dan kalkıp Tokat’a gitdi. Amasya’dan şâkîlerini Tokat’a celp ve şikâyetleri tetkîk etdikten sonra zâten ordu ricâlini de harekât-ı tecâvüzkârânesiyle dilgîr etmiş olan mutasarrıfı i’dâm etdirdi. Amasya sancağını da Basra’dan Tokat’a gelmiş olan Mehmed Bey’e tevcîh etdi.
In Modern English
He was from Tokat. Because he was in the retinue of Commander in Chief and Grand Vizier Zeytunlu Halil Pasha, on the twentieth of Safer 1037 [1627–28] he became mutasarrıf (governor administering the sanjak) of Amasya and appointed el-Hâc Abdünnebi Ağa, one of the sipahi notables, as mütesellim (deputy) of Amasya.
At the beginning of Rebîülevvel, Abdülcelîl Efendi son of Sandûkî, former molla of Konya, became kadı of Amasya, and Mehmed Ağa son of Taşcı, one of the notables, became city kethüda. But Osman Pasha was a very tyrannical man. By the orders he gave he put excessive pressure on Amasya. Compared with him, his mütesellim Hacı Nebi was truly (better).
At the beginning of Şaban, Halil Pasha was removed from the grand vizierate and the command in chief; Hüsrev Pasha of Bosnia became grand vizier and, as commander in chief against Abaza Pasha, who had rebelled a second time, set out toward Tokat.
Hearing this, Mutasarrıf Osman Pasha at once dismissed Hacı Abdünnebi Ağa and, on the eighteenth of Şaban, appointing the sanjak kethüda Köprülü Mehmed Ağa mütesellim of Amasya, softened the practices considerably. But it was not to the extent of removing the heavy complaints of the notables and people.
Hüsrev Pasha was among those who had won the favor of Ömer Efendi of Amasya, the sultan's tutor. Because he was tied to Amasya by marriage, having married Ayşe Hanım Sultan, daughter of Gonca Beyzâde Hızır Pasha of Amasya, the sultan's son-in-law, he protected the people of Amasya for as long as he was in power. Hacı İvaz Süleyman Ağa of Amasya was his kethüda.
In the middle of Ramazan Hüsrev Pasha came to Amasya and lodged in the mansion of Hoca Ahmed Pasha, brother of Hoca Ömer Efendi. On the Pasha's good recommendation he took into his retinue Köprülü Mehmed Ağa, mütesellim of Amasya and sipahi kethüda, and later made him his treasurer.
He released Abdullah Efendi, son of Hoca Ömer Efendi, who was living in exile in Amasya, and Hüseyin Efendi of Amasya, the former second defterdar, and sent them to Istanbul in comfort. He also released and rewarded the other notables living in exile and listened to the complaints against Mutasarrıf Osman Pasha.
Hüsrev Pasha left Amasya on the twenty-fifth of Ramazan and went to Tokat. After calling the complainants from Amasya to Tokat and examining the complaints, he had the mutasarrıf, who with his aggressive conduct had also wearied the notables of the army, executed. He gave the sanjak of Amasya to Mehmed Bey, who had come from Basra to Tokat.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- mutasarrıf: the governor who holds the administration of a sanjak
- serdâr-ı ekrem: commander in chief, commander of the army setting out on campaign (generally the grand vizier)
- sadâret: the grand vizierate
- mütecâviz: one who commits injustice, who attacks
- tazyîk: squeezing, applying pressure
- hâce-i sultânî: the sultan's tutor
- kerîme: daughter
- karâbet-i sıhriyye: kinship by marriage
- hazînedâr: treasury official, a pasha's man who looked after his financial affairs
- menfî: sent into exile
- ıtlâk: release
- i'dâm: killing, carrying out the death penalty
Hüsrev Pasha in Amasya
According to Halil İnalcık, Hüsrev Pasha of Bosnia was trained in the Enderun, and after serving as silahdar was made janissary ağa in Muharrem 1033 (1623) in the confusion created by the killing of Osman the Young. He was in the army in the battle where Abaza was defeated near Kayseri. Dismissed as janissary ağa in December 1626 together with Hâfız Ahmed Pasha over the failure at Baghdad, he became kubbealtı vizier in March 1627. His grand vizierate began on 1 Şaban 1037 (6 April 1628) when the seal was brought to him at İzmit. The berat (patent) demanded first the punishment of Abaza and then a march on Persia.
Hüsrev Pasha finished his preparations at İzmit and headed for Tokat. Along the way he maintained discipline with severe measures and prevented the soldiers from attacking the people. He reached Tokat in June 1628 and stayed seven weeks. The visit to Amasya that Hüsameddin relays lies on the road during the grand vizier's wait. No other information was found in the sources that the Amasya mansion belonged to Hoca Ahmed Pasha; this detail is found only in Hüsameddin.
The course of events after Hüsrev Pasha is summarized in İnalcık's entry as follows: he drove the army rapidly to Erzurum and began the siege on 6 September 1628. By sending spies into the fortress he caused the rebel soldiers to change sides. Abaza Pasha surrendered on 22 September 1628 after four days of bargaining. Hüsrev Pasha had him pardoned and had him appointed governor of Bosnia. With this victory Hüsrev's influence grew greatly; but the failure of the Baghdad campaigns led to his dismissal in 1631. Hüsrev Pasha was executed at Tokat on 11 March 1632. Hâfız Ahmed Pasha, who became grand vizier for the second time in Hüsrev's place, was torn apart before the sultan's eyes on 10 February 1632 under pressure from the unruly soldiers who accused him of having had Hüsrev dismissed unjustly.
Ayşe Hanım Sultan and Gonca Beyzâde Hızır Pasha
According to Hüsameddin's footnote, Hüsrev Pasha's tie to Amasya rests on his marriage to the daughter of Gonca Beyzâde Hızır Pasha, and the information is taken from Hüsrev Pasha's waqf deed dated 1041 [1631–32]. The author gives the same information in the section on the notables of Amasya in vols. 9–12. There it is related that Gonca Beyzâde Hızır Pasha was born in Amasya, was taken into the Enderun, became rikâbdar (stirrup-holder) of Murad III, served as beylerbeyi of Van, Konya and Temeşvar and as governor of Egypt, and then became kubbealtı vizier and afterward deputy grand vizier (sadrazam kaymakamı). In 1013 [1604–05] he married Fatma Sultan, daughter of Murad III, and died in Zilhicce 1018. Hüsameddin mentions, besides his son İbrahim Pasha, his daughter Ayşe Sultan, born of Fatma Sultan, and writes that her husband was Hüsrev Pasha. A lady named Ayşe Sultan is also mentioned as the wife of Hâfız Ahmed Pasha (as a sister of Murad IV); one must not confuse these two persons. Hüsameddin also notes: "Hüsrev Pasha showed great interest in Amasya and its men." The encyclopedia entry refers to the waqf deed drawn up for Hüsrev's complex in the Han district of Eskişehir; whether the document dated 1041 that Hüsameddin mentions is the same waqf deed could not be verified.
Hoca Ömer Efendi
Ömer Efendi of Amasya, the sultan's tutor, served as tutor to Osman II in his princehood and sultanate, and his death is given as 1630. A study writes that Ömer Efendi was granted the rank of şeyhülislam by the sultan, made the sole authority in ilmiye appointments, and that a portion of the sultan's hâs lands in Sivas was set aside for him. When the janissaries and ulema rose in 1622, the first demand was for the execution of Chief Black Eunuch Süleyman Ağa and Hoca Ömer Efendi. Some sources count him as killed in the revolt of 1622, while the study on the Muallim-i Sultânîs gives the year of death as 1630. Hüsameddin speaks in 1628 of Hoca Ömer's brother Hoca Ahmed Pasha and of Abdullah Efendi, who is understood to be Ömer Efendi's son; Abdullah Efendi's being kept in exile in Amasya and Hüsrev Pasha's releasing him also concern the same family. No information was found in another source on the reason for this exile.
Köprülü Mehmed Ağa
Köprülü Mehmed Ağa, who in the text is Hüsrev Pasha's treasurer, may, according to the encyclopedia entry, be Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, later grand vizier. According to the entry, Mehmed Pasha was born in the village of Rudnik in Albania, was recruited and trained in the Enderun, then married Ayşe Hanım in the town of Köprü (Vezirköprü), attached to Amasya, and was known as Köprülü for that reason, and when Hüsrev Pasha became grand vizier he became his treasurer. After Hüsrev Pasha's death he briefly served as sanjak bey of Amasya. Although it is not stated explicitly that Hüsameddin's "Köprülü Mehmed Ağa" and this person are the same, place, office and time coincide. Köprülü Mehmed Pasha became grand vizier in 1656.
The End of Osman Pasha
Halil İnalcık writes that Hüsrev Pasha brought the army under discipline with extreme severity on the road and prevented attacks on the people. What Hüsameddin relates, that Osman Pasha, mutasarrıf of Amasya, was executed because he had also wearied the notables of the army, is consistent with this attitude. No further information was found in other sources on Osman Pasha. Whether the grand vizier Hüsameddin calls "Zeytunlu Halil Pasha" and the Kayserili Halil Pasha mentioned as Hüsrev's predecessor are the same person could not be verified.
Bibliography
Primary sources
Academic studies