Amasyalıdır. Dânişzâde Fenerci el-Hâc İbrâhim Ağa bin el-Hâc Hâfız Osmân Efendi bin Dâniş Mehmed Efendi mahdûmudur. Fenercizâde demekle meşhûr olup fuzalâdan Allâme Iydîzâde el-Hâc Mustafa Âkif Efendi’den ikmâl-i tahsîl etdi.
Bu esnâda şeyhu’l-imâre el-Hâc Mehmed Lâz İbrâhim Efendilerden istifâde-i ulûm edib ders-i âm oldu. 1178’de Kırmacızâde Hâfız Ahmed Efendi yerine Dârü’l-hadîs Osmân Çelebi müderrisi ve Engün Mezra’ası Mutasarrıfı olarak tedrîs-i ulûma germî verdi.
Mükerreren i’tâ-yı icâzetle benâm olup 1198 senesi şa’bânında Amasya Müftüsü oldu. 1201’de Dârü’l-hadîs müderrisliğini ders-i âm-ı meşhûr Soruklu Hâfız Alî Efendi bin Ahmed kasr-ı yed ve ferâğat ve dört yıldan ziyâde [360] iftâ etdi. 1203 senesi ramazânında dûçâr olduğu marazdan dolayı isti’fâ ve terk-i fetvâ etdi.
Bundan sonra iki buçuk yıl kadar daha yaşayıp 1205 senesi saferinde dâr-ı na’îme irtihâl etdi. Meşâhîr-i fuzalâdan olup kâffe-i ulûmda mâhir, usûlî, gâyet fakîh, halîm, zâhid, müttakî, müteheccid, yetmiş iki yaşında idi. Mahdûmu kibâr-ı müfessirînden el-Hâc Mehmed Efendi ve dâmâdı ekâbir-i fukahâdan Soruklu el-Hâc Hâfız Alî Efendi’dir.
In Modern English
He was from Amasya. He was the son of Dânişzâde Fenerci Hacı İbrâhim Ağa; Hacı İbrâhim Ağa was the son of Hacı Hâfız Osmân Efendi, who was the son of Dâniş Mehmed Efendi. Famed as Fenercizâde, he completed his studies under the scholar Allâme Iydîzâde Hacı Mustafa Âkif Efendi.
During this time he also learned the sciences from the efendis Şeyhülimâre Hacı Mehmed and Lâz İbrâhim, and became a müderris giving public lectures (ders-i âm). In 1178 [1764-65], in place of Kırmacızâde Hâfız Ahmed Efendi, he gave new momentum to the teaching of the sciences as müderris of Osmân Çelebi at the Dârülhadis and as holder of the Engün Mezraası.
He became renowned by granting licences (icâzet) many times, and in Şaban 1198 [June-July 1784] he became Mufti of Amasya. In 1201 [1786-87] he withdrew from the müderrislik of the Dârülhadis in favour of Soruklu Hâfız Alî Efendi, son of Ahmed, famous for his public lectures, and he issued fatwas for more than four years. In Ramadan 1203 [May-June 1789], because of an illness that seized him, he resigned from his post and gave up issuing fatwas.
After this he lived about two and a half years more and passed to the next world in Safer 1205 [October 1790]. He was one of the renowned scholars, accomplished in all the sciences, learned in the principles of jurisprudence, an excellent jurist, mild in temper, indifferent to the world, God-fearing and constant in night prayers; he was seventy-two years old. His son was the great Qur'an commentator Hacı Mehmed Efendi, and his son-in-law was Soruklu Hacı Hâfız Alî Efendi, one of the great jurists.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- mahdûm: son
- Fenerci: a maker or seller of lanterns; here the family nickname
- Allâme: very learned, a great scholar
- ders-i âm: a müderris who gives lectures open to all in a mosque; a scholarly rank
- Dârü'l-hadîs: a higher madrasa where hadith is taught
- mutasarrıf: one who administers a property or a waqf
- mezra'a: a cultivated field without houses; a small settlement
- tedrîs-i ulûma germî vermek: to give new momentum to the teaching of the sciences
- i'tâ-yı icâzet: granting a licence; certifying a student's authority to teach
- iftâ: issuing fatwas
- kasr-ı yed: withdrawing one's hand
- usûlî: deeply learned in the principles of jurisprudence and of creed
- müteheccid: one who performs the night prayer (teheccüd)
- müfessir: Qur'an commentator
The Dârülhadis
The Dârülhadis at which Fenercizâde served as müderris is the Dârülhadis Mosque in the Sofular quarter of Amasya; it is also known as the Abdullah Pasha Mosque and the Sofular Mosque. It was built as a mosque and dârülhadis by Beylerbeyi Hacısinanbeyzâde Abdullah Pasha (d. 1490-91), one of the statesmen of the time of Bayezid II, and its endowment deed was drawn up by the pasha's son, the Defterdar Abdülkerim Bey, in 907 [1501-02]. In 1505 Abdülkerim Bey added a dârülkurrâ (place for teaching Qur'an recitation) to the east of the building, but this part has not survived. The building is used today as a mosque; with a design that links closed-courtyard madrasas and mosques with a tabhane (zaviye), it is regarded as an example without parallel in Ottoman architecture. The relation of the name Osmân Çelebi, in Hüsameddin's phrase "müderris of Osmân Çelebi at the Dârü'l-hadîs", to this building is not explained in the sources read; whether it was the name of the building's waqf or of a chair could not be verified.
On This Person and His Circle
In searches for Hâfız Osmân Efendi, Dâniş Mehmed Efendi, Iydîzâde Mustafa Âkif Efendi, Kırmacızâde Hâfız Ahmed Efendi, Soruklu Hâfız Alî Efendi, the son Hacı Mehmed Efendi and the Engün Mezraası, no separate source was found. From the age given in the text (seventy-two) and the year of death (1205), his year of birth is worked out as about 1133 [1720-21]; this is an estimate drawn from date arithmetic. Fenercizâde's müderrislik at the Dârülhadis began in 1178 [1764-65] and ended in 1201 [1786-87], so it lasted about twenty-two years; his muftiship runs from Şaban 1198 [1784] to Ramadan 1203 [1789].
Bibliography
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 373–373. amasya.bel.tr
- M. Baha Tanman, "Dârülhadis Camii", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/darulhadis-camii).