Amasyalıdır. Baba İlyâs Horasânî evlâdından Hacı Kutlu Beyzâde Hoca Alâeddîn Ali Şâh bin el-Hâc Nûreddîn Kutlu Bey bin Cemâleddîn Fîrûz Bey bin el-Vezîr Şemseddîn Mahmûd Tuğrâyî bin Baba İlyâs Horasânî mahdûmudur.[59] Sultân Eretna Hân’ın vezîri olan pederinin eyyâm-ı ikbâlinde güzel bir tahsîl-i âlî gördü. Ba’dehû ümerâdan olup Emîr Nâsıreddîn Mehmed Bey’in emâretinde Kayseriye Vâlisi ve pederinin i’dâmında menkûb olduysa da pederinin kâtili olan Mehmed Bey’in husamâsıyla birleşip onu i’dâm ederek Sivas emâretine istilâ etdi.
Eretnazâdeleri kâmilen Sivas’dan çıkarıp müstakîlen emîr-i Sivas oldu. Bir aralık Kayseriye, Divriği, Harput vilâyetlerini de istilâ ederek dâ’ire-i emâretini genişletdi. Lâkin Kayseriye Kadısı Burhâneddîn Ahmed’in muhâlefetine tesâdüf ederek Kayseriye’yi kaybetdi. Ba’dehû yine istilâ ederek tarafından vâlî gönderdi.
Kadı Burhâneddîn, Eretnazâde Ali Bey’le birleşip Moğol kabâ’ilinden Barambaylu Ali Paşa kuvvetleriyle ittifâk ederek Sivas’a hücûm etdi. Sivas civârında edilen kanlı muhârebede 780 senesi muharreminde maktûlen vefât etdi. Âlim, şecî, müdebbir, kerîm bir emîr-i âlî idi.
Mahdûmları Şemseddîn Ahmed, Hayreddîn Halîl Beyler Kadı [60] Burhân’ın şerrinden kaçıp enişteleri Amasya Emîri Hacı Şâdgeldi Paşa nezdine ilticâ etdiler. Defterdârı olan kölesi Şerefeddîn Mukbil Bey Sivas’ı müdâfa’a ederken maktûl oldu. Hacı İbrâhim Bey’in birâderi Şehâbeddîn Ahmed Bey de Mısır’a firâr etdi (Bezm ü Rezm).
In Modern English
He was a native of Amasya. He was the son of Hoca Alâeddin Ali Şah, son of Hacı Kutlu Bey, a descendant of Baba İlyas Horasânî; Ali Şah was the son of Hacı Nûreddin Kutlu Bey, who was the son of Cemâleddin Fîrûz Bey, who was the son of the vizier Şemseddin Mahmud Tuğrâî, who in turn was the son of Baba İlyas Horasânî. In the days when his father, who was the vizier of Eretna Han, was powerful, he had a fine higher education. Later, as one of the emirs, he became governor of Kayseri under the emirate of Emir Nâsıreddin Mehmed Bey; although he fell into distress at the execution of his father, he joined the enemies of Mehmed Bey, who was his father's killer, killed him and seized the emirate of Sivas.
Driving all the Eretnazâdes out of Sivas, he became sole emir of Sivas. At one point he seized the regions of Kayseri, Divriği and Harput as well and extended the borders of his emirate. However, he met resistance from Burhâneddin Ahmed, the Judge of Kayseri, and lost Kayseri. Then he seized it again and sent a governor in his own name.
Kadı Burhâneddin, uniting with Eretnazâde Ali Bey and coming to an agreement with the forces of Barambaylu Ali Pasha of the Mongol clans, attacked Sivas. In a bloody battle around Sivas he was killed and died in the month of Muharram of the year 780 [May 1378]. He was a scholar, brave, prudent, generous, a high emir.
His sons Şemseddin Ahmed and Hayreddin Halil Bey, fleeing the evil of Kadı Burhân, took refuge with their brother-in-law, the Emir of Amasya, Hacı Şadgeldi Pasha. His slave Şerefeddin Mukbil Bey, who was his defterdar, was killed while defending Sivas. Hacı İbrahim Bey's brother Şehâbeddin Ahmed Bey also fled to Egypt (Bezm ü Rezm).
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- eyyâm-ı ikbâl: the days when fortune and power are at their peak
- tahsîl-i âlî: higher education
- i'dâm: execution, being put to death
- husamâ: enemies
- emâret: emirate
- istilâ: seizure
- muhâlefet: opposition
- kabâ'il: tribes, clans
- maktûlen: by being killed
- emîr-i âlî: a high-ranking emir
- iltica: taking refuge
- defterdâr: head of financial affairs
- muhâfaa: protection, defense
The Breakup of the Eretnid Principality and Hacı İbrahim
Hacı İbrahim is one of the emirs who acted on their own in Sivas in the period of the Eretnid Principality's disintegration. When Alâeddin Eretna, who founded the Eretnid Principality, died in 1352, a struggle broke out between his sons Mehmed and Cafer, and in 1358 Mehmed Bey also eliminated Hoca Ali Şah, who had helped him most in the rulership. The event Hüsameddin calls "his father's execution" appears to correspond to this event; Hacı İbrahim, by his own account, is the son of Hoca Ali Şah. In 1365 Mehmed Bey was killed in Sivas by his own emirs Hacı Şadgeldi, Hacı İbrahim and Kılıcarslan. Hüsameddin's account "he killed Mehmed Bey, his father's killer, and became master of Sivas" agrees with this event.
When Mehmed Bey's thirteen-year-old son Alâeddin Ali Bey took his place, no state authority remained; Hacı Şadgeldi acted independently in Amasya and Hacı İbrahim in Sivas. Kayseri was taken in 1375 by Karamanoğlu Alâeddin Bey, the city was retaken by Kadı Burhâneddin Ahmed, and he rose to the vizierate in 1378. Hüsameddin, however, ties the loss of Kayseri from Hacı İbrahim's hands to the opposition of Kadı Burhâneddin. These two accounts may be either complementary or contradictory; this could not be settled with the sources at hand.
For the end of Hacı İbrahim, Hüsameddin gives the month of Muharram 780 [May 1378]; this date is very close to the year in which Kadı Burhâneddin rose to the vizierate (1378). Kadı Burhâneddin shortly afterwards, in 1381, defeated and killed Hacı Şadgeldi and ended Eretnid sovereignty. His sons' taking refuge with their brother-in-law Şadgeldi shows the Amasya front of this rivalry. The Bezm ü Rezm mentioned at the end of the text is the Persian history written by Esterâbâdî at the command of Kadı Burhâneddin, describing his era. No information on Barambaylu Ali Pasha and Şerefeddin Mukbil Bey was found in the sources read.
Baba İlyas in the genealogical chain is the Turkmen sheikh who gave his name to the Babai uprising of 1240; he settled in the Çat Village near Amasya, known today as İlyas Village, was captured in the Amasya Citadel and executed. The vizier Şemseddin Mahmud Tuğrâî, mentioned as the son of Baba İlyas in the genealogical chain Hüsameddin gives, and what follows could not be verified in another source.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 6, p. 28–29. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies