Amasya’da meskûn Kumarulu yâhud Kımârlı oymağı Türkmenlerinden Halîl bin Sulî mahdûmudur. Amcası Amasya kadı’l-kudâtı Mevlânâ Evhadeddîn Mahmûd bin Sulî el-Kimârî’den tahsîl-i ulûm ederek Amasya’da ders-i ‘âm oldu. Yıllarca tedrîs-i ulûm ederek iştihâr etdi. Emîr Mübârizeddîn Halife Alp Halfet Gâzi Medresesini ikmâl etdikde ilk müderris oldu.
Bu esnâda Mevlânâ Fahreddîn Mehmed bin Mahmûd-er-Râzî, Mevlânâ Hüsâmeddîn Yûsuf bin Ebî-Bekr-et-Tebrîzî de Amasya’da tedrîs-i ulûm etmekde idiler. Sâhib-i terceme 628 hudûdunda Amasya kadı’l-kudâtı ve Mevlânâ Reşîdeddîn Mehmed bin Ahmed bin Ebi’r-Reşîd el-Hemedânî de kâtibi ve nâibi olup on yıl kadar hükûmet etdi.
637’de Baba İshâk Kefersûdî’nin da’vâ-yı nübüvvetle isyânı esnâsında şehîd oldu. Âlim, kerîm, ebu’l-mehâmid bir zât idi. Mahdûmu Mevlânâ Şemseddîn Mehmed ve hafîdi Mevlânâ Şehâbeddîn Ahmed de kibâr-i ulemâdandır. Mevlânâ Fahreddîn [56] Mehmed Râzî Amasya kadısı oldu.
In Modern English
He was the son of Halil, who was the son of Sulî, of the Turkmens of the Kumarulu or Kımarlı clan settled in Amasya. He learned scholarship from his uncle, the chief judge of Amasya, Mevlânâ Evhadeddin Mahmud bin Sulî el-Kimârî, and became ders-i âm (holder of the authority to give lessons open to all) in Amasya. He became famous by teaching for years. When Emir Mübârizeddin Halife Alp Halfet Gazi had his madrasa completed, he became its first müderris (madrasa professor).
At this time Mevlânâ Fahreddin Mehmed bin Mahmud er-Râzî and Mevlânâ Hüsâmeddin Yusuf bin Ebî Bekr et-Tebrîzî were also teaching in Amasya. The subject of this biography became chief judge of Amasya around 628 [1230-31]; Mevlânâ Reşîdeddin Mehmed bin Ahmed bin Ebi'r-Reşîd el-Hemedânî was his scribe and deputy, and they held the administration for about ten years.
In 637 [1239-40] he died as a martyr during the uprising of Baba Ishak with his claim to prophethood. He was a scholar, generous, and possessed of praiseworthy fine qualities. His son Mevlânâ Şemseddin Mehmed and his grandson Mevlânâ Şehâbeddin Ahmed were also among the great scholars. Mevlânâ Fahreddin Mehmed Râzî became judge of Amasya.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- oymak: a Turkmen community that is a sub-branch of a tribe
- kadı'l-kudât: chief judge, judge of the judges
- ders-i âm: giving lessons open to all, the authority to teach as a müderris
- sâhib-i terceme: the person whose biography is written
- nâib: the judge's assistant, deputy
- ebu'l-mehâmid: possessor of praiseworthy qualities
- hafîd: grandson
- da'vâ-yı nübüvvet: claim to prophethood
The Halifet Gazi Madrasa and the First Müderris
"Emir Mübârizeddin Halife Alp Halfet Gazi" in the entry is Halîfet Gazi, known today as Hilfet Gazi. Halîfet Gazi, a Danishmendid emir, entered Seljuk service after the end of the principality, became governor of Amasya in 1222 in the time of Alâeddin Keykubad I, and fell as a martyr in 1232 in the campaign against the Georgians. The inscription of the madrasa bears the date 606 [1209-10], and the madrasa's waqf deed bears the date 622 [1225]. The complex today stands in the Şamice quarter of Amasya, on Torumtay Street; its parts that collapsed after the 1647 earthquake were repaired in wood, it was comprehensively rebuilt in 1888 by the mufti of Amasya, Hacı Osman Hilmi Efendi; its south wall and east section partly stand. That Hüsameddin shows İbrahim Kimârî as the first müderris agrees with the opening years of the madrasa; however, whether the müderris named in the waqf deed is the same as he could not be verified in this research.
The Baba Ishak Uprising
The event that caused İbrahim Kimârî's death is the Babai uprising begun by the Turkmens against the Anatolian Seljuk State in 1240. The movement was led by Baba İlyas, who left its actual command to his caliph Baba Ishak. The first defeat of the revolt took place in Amasya; Baba İlyas, who had taken refuge in the Amasya Citadel, was cornered and captured by the forces of Mübârizüddin Armağanşah and executed. Baba Ishak, marching on Konya, was defeated on the Malya Plain near Kırşehir and killed. Hüsameddin's sentence "he died as a martyr in the war of Baba Ishak" reports that a scholar from the Amasya region died during these clashes. In which engagement and where he died is not stated in the text.
The Kimârî Clan and the Judges of Amasya
The relation of the name Kımarlı (Kimârî) to place names in the Amasya region could not be determined in this research. According to the text, the uncle is chief judge, while the nephew is the scholar who both taught and later became chief judge; that is, a family of clan origin reached the office of judge in Amasya. No information on Evhadeddin Mahmud, Fahreddin Mehmed er-Râzî and Hüsâmeddin Yusuf et-Tebrîzî was found in other sources.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 6, p. 27–27. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
Official sources