AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE-İ TÂRİHİYYE

Tayyar Mehmed Pasha

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 4, p. 549–550 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Hicabi GÜLGEN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Lâdiklidir. 1029 senesinde Bağdat vâlisi iken şehîden vefât eden Uçar Mustafa Paşa’nın mahdûmudur.

1031 senesi zilhiccesinde Amasya mutasarrıfı olup emr-i âhire kadar Sivas’ta ikâmeti fermân-ı âlî muktezâsından olmakla ağalarının mümtazlarından Köprülü Mehmed Ağa’yı Amasya mütesellimi nasb ederek gönderdi.

1032 senesi muharreminin on ikisinde doksan beşinci bölükte mukayyed sipâhi Yeniçeri oğlu Hacı Abdi Ağa bin Ahmed Ağa, evkâf-ı [39] Sultâniyye mütevellîsi oldu. Hacı Abdî Ağa, Amasya a‘yânından el-Hâc Abdülganî Ağa’dır. Buna “Hacı Abdî Bey” denirdi.

Bu esnada Abaza Mehmed Paşa’nın kethüdâsı Çerkes Ca’fer Ağa, Abaza tarafından Sivas mütesellimi olarak gönderilmişdi. Sivas a‘yânı Ca’fer Ağa’yı istikbâl ederek izzet ü ikrâm ile Sivas’a indirdiler. Ziyafetler tertîb ederek ağırladılar.

Lâkin Ca’fer Ağa, seciyesiz bir köle idi. Bir ziyafette sarhoşluk sâikasıyla Türklüğü tahkîr, a‘yânı tehdît ve tezyîf etmiş, a‘yân bundan müteessir olup Ca’fer Ağa güzel bir dayak yedikten sonra soluğu Erzurum’da almışdı.

Cumâdelâhirede Abaza Paşa bu vâkıadan dolayı fevkalâde hiddet ederek tedarik etdiği büyük bir kuvvetle Erzurum’dan kalkıp Sivas üzerine yürüdü. Tayyar Mehmed Paşa, Abaza’nın ve kethüdâsının bütün ahvâl ve harekâtını Bab-ı Âlî’ye arz ve istimdât etdi.

Köprülü Mehmed Ağa’nın Amasya mütesellimliği esnasında Amasya Kadısı Himmetzâde el-Hâc Ramazân Efendi, müftüsü Dursunzâde Mehmed Efendi, alaybeyi Abdülbâkî Bey, şehir kethüdâsı el-Hâc Mustafa Ağa, kethüdâyeri Bağdatlı Mahmûd Ağa, yeniçeri serdârı Altıncı Mehmed Ağa, Kal’a-i Bâlâ Dizdârı Doğan Bey idi.

Tayyar Mehmed Paşa’nın istimdâd ve mârûzâtına vâkıf olan Bâb-ı Âlî, Mar’aş Vâlisi Amasyalı Vezîr Kalavun Yûsuf Paşa’yı Abaza aleyhine serdâr tâyin ederek Sivas üzerine âcilen hareket etmesini Yûsuf Paşa’ya yazdı. [40]

Fakat Abaza Mehmed Paşa, Yûsuf Paşa’dan evvel gelip Sivas’ı istilâ ederek ibtidâ Ca’fer Ağa’sını döğenleri, sonra yeniçeri, topçu, cebeci, acemi oğlanı, kuloğlu, yaya askeri olanları, daha sonra zenginleri kılıçtan geçirdi, halkı soyup soğana çevirdi. Tayyar Mehmed Paşa, Abaza’ya madara ederek canını güçlükle kurtarıyordu.

Mar’aş Vâlisi Yûsuf Paşa, Sivas’a geldiği anda kendi kuvvetinin azlığını mülâhaza ederek Abaza’ya sûret-i zâhirede mümâşât ve iltihâk etmeye mecbûr oldu. Çünkü Abaza’nın kuvveti kırk bin, kendisinin kuvveti on binden ibaretdi. Bununla beraber Tayyar Mehmed Paşa ile birleşip Abaza’yı ifnâ edecek gizli teşebbüsâta başlamışdı.

Abaza Paşa, Sivas’ı aldıktan sonra sâbık Karahisar-ı Şarkî mutasarrıfı Ali Paşa’nın intikâmını almaya kalkışdı. Receb evâsıtında Sivas Eyâleti’ni maiyetinde bulunan ve Tayyar Paşa’ya muârız olan Lâdikli Seyyid Hân Bey’e tevcîh ederek Karahisar-ı Şarkî’ye doğru yürüdü.

Amasya Alaybeyi Bâkî, Abdülbâkî Bey, bütün kuvvetiyle beraber Karahisar-ı Şarkî mutasarrıfı Murtezâ Paşa’ya muâvenet ve imdât etmeye me’mûr olduğundan Karahisar’a gitdi mütesellim Köprülü Mehmed Ağa da Bâkî Beye kuvve-i muâvene ve erzâk ve levâzım göndermeye me’mûr olmuşdu.

Abaza Mehmed Paşa, Karahisar Kalesini muhasara etdiği esnâda Çerkes Murtezâ Paşa güyâ Abaza’yı davasından vazgeçirmek sevdasıyla yahut cinsiyet sâikasıyla Bâkî Bey’in ve sâir ümerânın re’yi hilâfına kaleden çıkıp Abaza Paşa’ya iltihâk etdi. Fakat Amasya Alay [41] beyi Bâkî, Karahisar Alaybeyi Osmân, Sivas’tan kaçıp gelen Tâbân Ahmed Beyler, kaleye kapanıp dilîrâne müdafaa etdiler.

Bunlar, gecelerde kaleden çıkıp Abaza ordusuna mütevâliyen müthiş baskınlar yaparak orduyu fevkalâde yormuşlar, târumâr edecek savletler göstermişlerdi. Bu esnada Amasya Mütesellimi Köprülü Mehmed Ağa tedârik etdiği kuvvet ve levâzım ile Karahisar’a gidip kethüdâyeri olan Şa’bân Ağa mütesellim vekîli oldu.

Abaza Paşa, muhasaranın devamından bir fâide olmadıktan başka zararlar gördüğünden hâinâne dönüp Sivas’a geldi. Fedâkârâne hizmetlerine mükâfaten Bâkî Bey’e beylerbeyilikle Karahisâr-ı Şarkî sancağı, Osmân ve Ahmed beylere mirlivâlık verildi.

Şa’bân evâsıtında Abaza Paşa, Karahisar’ın hıncını almak üzere Sivas’tan kalkıp Kalavun Yûsuf, Tayyar Mehmed, Murtezâ paşalarla Tokat’a geldi. Tokat’ın a‘yân ve halkı Abaza’yı istikbâl ederek muazzezen Tokat’a indirdikleri halde Abaza ordusunu teşkil eden azgın sekbânlardan hayli mezâlim ve hasârât gördü.

Abaza Paşa, buradan da kalkıp Zile’ye geldi. Fakat Kalavun Yûsuf Paşa’dan fevkalâde yılıyor, canından korkuyordu, harekâtından bir türlü emin olamıyordu. Bundan dolayı Zile’de bir fırsatını bulup Kalavun Paşa’yı çadırında boğdurdu. Bu suretle Tayyar Mehmed ve Murtezâ paşalara bir gözdağı verdi.

Abaza Paşa, Zile’den kalkıp Amasya’ya doğru hareket etdiği [42] şâyi‘ olduğunda Mütesellim Köprülü Mehmed Ağa, Serdâr Mehmed Ağa, Serdâr-ı Sâbık İkinci Hüseyin Ağa, bütün yeniçerilerle mensupları Amasya’dan çıkıp tegayyüp etdiler. Amasya sancağı, mütesellim vekîli Şa’bân Ağa’nın idâresinde kaldı. Bâkî Paşa yerine “Vâyis Bey” demekle meşhûr Üveys Bey Amasya alaybeyi olmuşdu.

Şevvâlin yedisinde Şa’bân Ağa ile Vâyis Bey, Fazlullah Paşazâde Abdüsselâm ve Atâullah Beylerle ba’zı a‘yân ve halk, Abaza’yı istikbâl ederek ordusuyla Amasya’ya indirdiler.

Abaza Mehmed Paşa, Amasya’da yeni tamir edilen Beyler Sarayı’na kondu. Saray Ağası Süleyman Ağa’yı kendisine kapıcılar kethüdâsı nasb ederek şâhâne etvâr gösterdi. Amasya sancağını maiyetinde bulunan bendegânından Osmân Bey’e verdi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was from Lâdik. He was the son of Uçar Mustafa Pasha, who died as a martyr in 1029 [1619–20] while governor of Baghdad.

In Zilhicce 1031 [1621–22] he became mutasarrıf of Amasya. Since the exalted decree required him to reside in Sivas until a new order, he sent Köprülü Mehmed Ağa, one of the distinguished men among his ağas, appointing him mütesellim (deputy governor) of Amasya.

On the twelfth of Muharrem 1032 [1622–23], Hacı Abdi Ağa son of Ahmed Ağa, son of Yeniçeri, a sipahi (cavalryman) registered in the ninety-fifth company, became mütevelli of the sultanic waqfs. Hacı Abdî Ağa is Hacı Abdülganî Ağa, one of the notables of Amasya. He was called "Hacı Abdî Bey."

At this time Çerkes Ca'fer Ağa, kethüda of Abaza Mehmed Pasha, had been sent by Abaza as mütesellim of Sivas. The notables of Sivas met Ca'fer Ağa and, with respect and hospitality, brought him down into Sivas. They entertained him with banquets.

But Ca'fer Ağa was a slave without character. At a banquet, under the influence of drunkenness, he belittled the Turks and threatened and scorned the notables. The notables took offense at this, and Ca'fer Ağa, after a good beating, made straight for Erzurum.

In the month of Cemâziyelâhir Abaza Pasha was greatly angered by this incident and set out from Erzurum with a large force he had gathered, marching on Sivas. Tayyar Mehmed Pasha reported all the conduct and actions of Abaza and his kethüda to the Exalted State and asked for help.

During Köprülü Mehmed Ağa's mütesellimship of Amasya, the Kadı of Amasya was Himmetzâde Hacı Ramazân Efendi, the mufti Dursunzâde Mehmed Efendi, the alaybeyi Abdülbâkî Bey, the city kethüda Hacı Mustafa Ağa, the kethüdâyeri Mahmûd Ağa of Baghdad, the janissary serdar Altıncı Mehmed Ağa, and the Dizdar (commander) of the Upper Fortress Doğan Bey.

Learning of Tayyar Mehmed Pasha's request for help and his reports, the Exalted State appointed Kalavun Yûsuf Pasha, a vizier from Amasya and Governor of Maraş, serdar (commander) against Abaza and wrote to Yûsuf Pasha to move at once on Sivas.

But Abaza Mehmed Pasha arrived before Yûsuf Pasha and occupied Sivas; first he put to the sword those who had beaten his Ca'fer Ağa, then those who were janissaries, gunners, cebecis (armorers), acemi oğlans (recruits), kuloğlus (sons of the corps) and foot soldiers, and after that the wealthy; he plundered the people and stripped them bare. Tayyar Mehmed Pasha, for his part, managed Abaza and, by ingratiating himself with him, barely saved his life.

The moment Yûsuf Pasha, Governor of Maraş, came to Sivas, seeing the smallness of his own force, he was obliged to go along with Abaza and join him in appearance. For Abaza's force was forty thousand, his own only ten thousand. Nevertheless, uniting with Tayyar Mehmed Pasha, he had begun secret undertakings to destroy Abaza.

After taking Sivas, Abaza Pasha undertook to avenge Ali Pasha, the former mutasarrıf of Karahisar-ı Şarkî. In the middle of Recep he gave the Province of Sivas to Seyyid Hân Bey of Lâdik, who was with him and opposed to Tayyar Pasha, and marched toward Karahisar-ı Şarkî.

The Alaybeyi of Amasya Bâkî, that is, Abdülbâkî Bey, since he had been charged with assisting Murtezâ Pasha, mutasarrıf of Karahisar-ı Şarkî, with all his force, went to Karahisar. The mütesellim Köprülü Mehmed Ağa was also charged with sending Bâkî Bey auxiliary forces, provisions and necessary supplies.

While Abaza Mehmed Pasha was besieging Karahisar Fortress, Circassian Murtezâ Pasha, ostensibly because he wanted to dissuade Abaza from his cause, or because they were of the same stock, left the fortress contrary to the opinion of Bâkî Bey and the other beys and joined Abaza Pasha. But the Alaybeyi of Amasya Bâkî, the Alaybeyi of Karahisar Osmân, and Tâbân Ahmed Bey, who had fled from Sivas, shut themselves in the fortress and defended it bravely.

Coming out of the fortress at night, they made violent raids one after another on Abaza's army, wearing the army out greatly and showing assaults that could have scattered it. At this time the Mütesellim of Amasya Köprülü Mehmed Ağa went to Karahisar with the force and supplies he had prepared; his kethüdâyeri Şa'bân Ağa became deputy mütesellim.

Since continuing the siege brought Abaza Pasha no benefit but harm, he treacherously turned back and came to Sivas. In return for their self-sacrificing services, Bâkî Bey was given a beylerbeyilik with the sanjak of Karahisar-ı Şarkî, and Osmân and Ahmed Beys a mirlivalık (sanjak governorship).

In the middle of the month of Şaban, to avenge Karahisar, Abaza Pasha set out from Sivas and came to Tokat with the pashas Kalavun Yûsuf, Tayyar Mehmed and Murtezâ. Although the notables and people of Tokat met Abaza and brought him respectfully into Tokat, they suffered considerable oppression and harm from the unruly sekbans who made up Abaza's army.

Abaza Pasha set out from here too and came to Zile. But he greatly feared Kalavun Yûsuf Pasha, dreaded for his life, and could never be sure of his movements. Thereupon, finding an opportunity at Zile, he had Kalavun Pasha strangled in his tent. Thus he gave Tayyar Mehmed and Murtezâ pashas a warning.

When the news spread that Abaza Pasha had set out from Zile toward Amasya, the Mütesellim Köprülü Mehmed Ağa, the Serdar Mehmed Ağa, the former serdar İkinci Hüseyin Ağa, all the janissaries and members of the janissary corps left Amasya and went into hiding. The sanjak of Amasya remained under the administration of the deputy mütesellim Şa'bân Ağa. In place of Bâkî Pasha, Üveys Bey, known as "Vâyis Bey," had become alaybeyi of Amasya.

On the seventh of Şevval, Şa'bân Ağa and Vâyis Bey, with the beys Fazlullah Paşazâde Abdüsselâm and Atâullah, and some notables and people, met Abaza and brought him with his army into Amasya.

Abaza Mehmed Pasha took up quarters in the Beyler Sarayı (Palace of the Beys) in Amasya, which had just been repaired. He appointed the Saray Ağası Süleyman Ağa as his kethüda of the kapıcılar, showing a bearing worthy of sovereigns. He gave the sanjak of Amasya to Osmân Bey, one of the slaves who were with him.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • emr-i âhir: a new order; fermân-ı âlî muktezâsı: what the sultan's decree required
  • mümtâz: distinguished; nasb: appointment
  • istikbâl: meeting, welcoming; izzet ü ikrâm: respect and hospitality
  • seciyesiz: without character; tahkîr: belittling; tezyîf: mocking, scorning
  • istimdâd: asking for help; mârûzât: the information submitted
  • Bâb-ı Âlî: (here) the central government
  • serdâr: commander of a campaign or operation
  • cebeci: kapıkulu soldier in charge of arms and munitions; acemi oğlanı: a youth being prepared for the janissary corps; kuloğlu: son of a kapıkulu soldier
  • madara etmek: (müdârâ) to manage, to ingratiate oneself
  • sûret-i zâhirede mümâşât: going along in appearance, falling into step
  • ifnâ: destroying; teşebbüsât: undertakings
  • muârız: opposed, opposing
  • muâvenet: help; kuvve-i muâvene: auxiliary force
  • cinsiyet sâikası: the motive of being of the same stock
  • dilîrâne: bravely; mütevâliyen: one after another; savlet: assault
  • tegayyüp: disappearing, going missing
  • şâhâne etvâr: royal manners; bendegân: slaves, men

Tayyar Mehmed Pasha and His Father

The Tayyar Mehmed Pasha at the head of the entry is the very bey of Lâdik who in entry 4-11 became Bey of Amasya for a few months in 1027. Here Hüsameddin writes that his father Uçar Mustafa Pasha fell as a martyr in 1029 while governor of Baghdad. According to Abdülkadir Özcan's encyclopedia entry, however, Uçar Mustafa Pasha is one of the former governors of Baghdad who fell as martyrs in 1034 (1625), and his grave is in Baghdad in the cemetery of the Tomb of İmâm-ı Âzam; his son would be buried at his feet years later. In Hüsameddin's biographical volumes Uçar Mustafa Pasha is mentioned as a man of Lâdik "who became a vizier from the kethüdâlık of the former grand vizier Nasûh Pasha"; in the section of the same work describing the Celâlî years it is written that in 1012 the voyvoda of Lâdik, "Tayyâr Mustafa Ağa," was Nasûh Pasha's kethüda. The difference over the date of death is a point left open among the sources.

According to Hüsameddin's biographical volumes, Tayyar Mehmed Pasha became governor of Sivas in Rebîülâhir 1031, was taken captive while defending Sivas against Abaza, and was freed. By attacking and killing Seyyid Han Pasha of Lâdik, whom Abaza had made governor of Sivas, he cleared Sivas of Abaza's men, and in return became governor of Sivas a second time in 1032 with the rank of vizier. Özcan's entry too, relying on Naîmâ, relates that Tayyar, having delivered Sivas from Abaza, received him with gifts when Abaza came against him again and convinced him that he was with him; that on a rumor of a night raid Abaza set about attacking the city, that Tayyar went alone to Abaza's tent and calmed him, and that after being put in chains he was released on the words "Had I had ill intent, would I have come to you alone?" Hüsameddin's sentence "he barely saved his life by managing Abaza" is a short summary of these events. According to Özcan, Tayyar Mehmed Pasha later ensured the victory of the government forces in the battle near Kayseri (22 Zilkade 1033 / 5 September 1624).

The Ca'fer Ağa Incident and the Fall of Sivas

The Ca'fer Ağa story that Hüsameddin tells appears in other sources too as the beginning of the fall of Sivas. According to Bünyamin Tan's study of Ali Cevâd's biography of Abaza, the janissaries of Sivas, claiming they had no part in the killing of Osman II, were not alarmed at Abaza's coming; but Abaza, on the urging of Seyyid Abdürrahîm-i Bayrâmî, called the "Abaza Sheikh," sent his kethüda Ca'fer against Sivas, and when Ca'fer was forced to return he took Sivas with a force of forty thousand. Tan relates that Abaza had some of the janissary officers killed under torture, then put members of the corps such as janissaries, gunners, cebecis and acemi oğlans to the sword, that houses belonging to janissaries were plundered, while the sipahis were not touched. The list of victims Hüsameddin gives largely coincides with this account; that Ca'fer Ağa belittled the Turks at a banquet and was beaten by the notables of Sivas is a detail found only in Hüsameddin.

According to Mustafa Kara's encyclopedia entry, the "Abaza Sheikh" was a Bayrami sheikh from Kayseri; when Abaza came from Erzurum to Kayseri he helped him, and he received this nickname because he acted as adviser in all his affairs. After Abaza's death he came to Istanbul and entered the circle of Murad IV's close companions, and was executed when he tried to incite the sultan against the janissaries.

The End of Kalavun Yûsuf Pasha

Kalavun Yûsuf Pasha, whom Hüsameddin calls "the Vizier from Amasya," is the native of Amasya who in entry 4-11 became chief defterdar through Hoca Ömer Efendi's patronage. According to Müctebâ İlgürel's entry on Abaza Pasha, Kalavun Yûsuf Pasha, beylerbeyi of Maraş, joined Abaza together with Seyfoğlu Yûsuf Pasha, governor of Tripoli of Syria, and brought about the gathering of thirty thousand people around him in a short time. According to what Tan relays, Kalavun had actually been sent against Abaza with ten thousand soldiers, but Abaza drew him too into his ranks. Hüsameddin's record "Abaza's force forty thousand, his own ten thousand" agrees with these numbers.

On Kalavun's death the sources differ in detail. According to Hüsameddin, Abaza, afraid of him, found an opportunity at Zile and had him strangled in his tent, thereby giving Tayyar Mehmed and Murtezâ pashas a warning. According to the account Tan relays, Tayyar Pasha sowed discord between Abaza and Murtaza Pasha by convincing them at a banquet that Kalavun intended to destroy them by a night raid; Kalavun, sensing the danger, moved his tents away from Abaza's camp; on the last night of Ramadan he went to the iftar at Abaza's invitation and was executed in his tent that night. Tan gives no place name. Hüsameddin's sentence "uniting with Tayyar Mehmed Pasha, he had begun secret undertakings to destroy Abaza" forms the common ground of the two accounts: in Kalavun's death, Tayyar's double game was decisive.

The Siege of Karahisar-ı Şarkî

Hüsameddin's narrative of Karahisar largely coincides with the sources Tan relays. According to Tan, Abaza left Seyyid Han as governor in Sivas and marched on Şebinkarahisar with Kalavun; Murtaza Pasha, who defended the fortress with ten thousand men, withdrew into the fortress after fierce fighting, but when the siege began, instead of resisting he went to Abaza's camp to negotiate surrender. Part of the people also came out of the fortress and surrendered, while the sipahis, regarding the pasha's act as dishonorable, shut themselves in the fortress and made bloody sorties against the besiegers. Hüsameddin writes that at the head of these sipahis were the beys Abdülbâkî, alaybeyi of Amasya, Osman, alaybeyi of Karahisar, and Tâbân Ahmed, who had fled from Sivas, and that by night raids they wore down Abaza's army. According to Tan, these sipahis later attached themselves to Tayyar Mehmed Pasha, who was sent to Sivas, and promised to fight Abaza.

Hüsameddin explains Murtaza Pasha's intention by two possibilities: to dissuade Abaza from his cause, or being of the same stock (Circassian). Tan's sources say he went for "negotiating surrender." In the records of the battle of Karasu Bridge near Kayseri it is written that Abaza's army fell apart when Tayyar Mehmed Pasha, beylerbeyi of Sivas, and Murtaza Pasha, sanjak bey of Şebinkarahisar, who were in the rebel army, went over to the grand vizier's side. Thus the two pashas to whom Hüsameddin says Abaza "gave a warning" became, a year later, the persons who decided the fate of the revolt.

Seyyid Han of Lâdik

Seyyid Han Bey of Lâdik, to whom Abaza gave the province of Sivas, was mentioned in entry 4-15 among the natives of Amasya who joined Abaza. According to Hüsameddin's biographical volumes, this seyyid, descended from the mütevelli of the Rifâî zaviye at Lâdik, had joined Karayazıcı in his youth, then taken refuge with the state and risen to sanjak governorships. When Abaza made him beylerbeyi of Sivas, he held Sivas despite Tayyar Mehmed Pasha, with whom he was on bad terms; in 1033, when Tayyar retook Sivas with forces gathered from all sides, he was captured and killed. Hüsameddin says of him, "He was a proud and active man, vain of his seyyid status and his courage."

Who Was in Amasya

Hüsameddin's listing of the administrators of Amasya during Köprülü Mehmed Ağa's mütesellimship gives a photograph of the city before the events. About Doğan Bey, dizdar of the Upper Fortress in this list, there is a remarkable footnote in an earlier section of the book: mentioning "the dizdar's assistant Doğan Bey son of Uğurlu" in the same years, Hüsameddin notes that he was the great forefather of his own lineage. That the fortress dizdars lived in the Upper Fortress on Mount Harşena is also written in studies on the fortress excavations.

The name of the mütesellim "Köprülü Mehmed Ağa" brings to mind Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, later grand vizier. Hüsameddin, in his section on Lâdik, also writes that Tayyar Mehmed Pasha trained Köprülü Mehmed Pasha; Özcan's entry too records that Tayyar had a part in Köprülü Mehmed Pasha's upbringing. But it seems difficult for the two persons to be the same. According to Müctebâ İlgürel's entry on Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, the future grand vizier was raised in the Enderun and was in the palace in the time of Murad IV. According to Christopher Whitehead's study based on archival documents, however, he served for a long time in the palace kitchens and left the palace to become a kapıkulu cavalryman only early in Murad IV's reign (after 1623). In that case the Köprülü Mehmed Ağa sent to Amasya in 1622 as Tayyar's ağa must have been another Mehmed, from the town of Köprü. Whitehead also criticizes Hüsameddin's record showing Köprülü Mehmed Pasha as Sanjak Bey of Amasya in 1044, pointing out that no such person appears in the appointment registers of those years; this is a reminder that Hüsameddin's list of sanjak beys too must at times be compared with archival records.

Abaza in Amasya: The Beyler Sarayı

At the end of the entry, after the janissaries of Amasya have abandoned the city, Abaza is met by some of the notables and settles in the "recently repaired Beyler Sarayı." According to Selim Özcan's study of the princes who served as sanjak governors in Amasya, the Beyler Sarayı was the palace in the inner fortress known by this name since the Seljuk period and called by the Ottomans the "Şehzadeler Sarayı" (Palace of the Princes); it took its real form with the large palace built in the time of Çelebi Mehmed's governorship of the sanjak of Amasya in place of a pavilion purchased in 1396, was used as a palace for 350 years in the Ottoman period, and was the birthplace of princes such as Murad II and Selim I. Among the people it is called the Beyler Sarayı or the Saraydüzü Barracks. The remains of the palace lie today under the ground in the area called Saraydüzü; in the local press there have been reports that the official process for uncovering it by excavation has begun and that a board attached to the Directorate of National Palaces will begin studies in the area.

Abaza's making the palace's ağa his kethüda of the kapıcılar and giving the sanjak to Osman Bey, one of his own men, is, in Hüsameddin's words, "şâhâne etvâr," that is, behaving like a sovereign. İlgürel's entry too notes that throughout the revolt Abaza appointed his own men to the sanjaks and collected taxes from the people. Hüsameddin also mentions Fazlullah Paşazâde Abdüsselâm Bey, who met Abaza, among the well-known zeamet holders of Amasya of the same years, as "Defterdar Fazlullah Paşazâde."

Those Not Found

No information was found in sources other than Hüsameddin on Hacı Abdî Ağa (Hacı Abdülganî Ağa), the later life of Çerkes Ca'fer Ağa, Tâbân Ahmed Bey, Osman Bey, alaybeyi of Karahisar, the deputy mütesellim Şa'bân Ağa, Üveys Bey called "Vâyis Bey," Atâullah Bey and the Saray Ağası Süleyman Ağa. Abaza's stay in the Beyler Sarayı in Amasya also occurs only in Hüsameddin.

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