İsfendiyâroğulları'ndan Kızıl Ahmed Beyzâde olup Bolulu'dur. 933 senesi zilka'desinde Amasya sancağı beyi Koçi Bey'in şehâdetine binâ'en Amasya beyi olup geldi. Sivas beylerbeyiliğine de sâniyen Trabzon beylerbeyi İskender Paşa ta'yîn edildi.
Lâkin ihtilâlcilerin harbinden dolayı Amasya'da yine ufak tefek hâdiseler oldu. Koçi Bey'in şehâdetiyle livânın idâresi müşkilâta uğradı. Çünkü Amasya'nın Öz Nâhiyesi'nde pek çok eşkıyâ vardı.
Amasya müftüsü Nûreddîn Hamza Efendi, bu müşkilâtdan dolayı isti'fâ edib İstanbul'a gitdi. Amasya fuzalâsından Hüseyniyye müderrisi ve Sultân Bâyezîd Kütüphânesi hâfız-ı kütübü meşhûr Musliheddîn Mûsâ Efendi Amasya müftüsü ve Sultâniyye müderrisi oldu.
Husrev Paşa Diyârbekir'e avdet etdikden sonra ihtilâlciler yine toplanıp Zünnûn Şâhoğlu Halîl Bey riyâsetinde ihtilâle [296] devâm etdiler. Zünnûn'un halîfesi olan meşhûr Hubyâr Baba, Halîl Bey'in müsteşârı idi.
Bunlar Turhal üzerinden gelip Varay taraflarında temekkün ederek Amasya'yı tehdîd etmeğe başladılar. Amasya beyi Abdullah Bey ma'iyyetine aldığı kuvvetle Varay nâhiyesinde harben bunları ta'kîb ederek Artukâbâd'a kadar gitdi. Orada vâki' olan muhârebede bu da şehîd oldu. Velî Bey Amasya beyliğine ta'yîn edildi.
In Modern English
He is of the Isfendiyaroğulları, Kızıl Ahmed Beyzade, a native of Bolu. In the month of Dhu al-Qa'da of the year 933 [1526-27], on the martyrdom of Koçi Bey, sanjak bey of Amasya, he came as bey of Amasya. To the beylerbeyilik of Sivas, for the second time, İskender Pasha, beylerbeyi of Trabzon, was appointed.
But because of the rebels' wars there were again minor incidents at Amasya. With Koçi Bey's martyrdom the administration of the sanjak fell into difficulty. For in the Öz District of Amasya there were many brigands.
The mufti of Amasya, Nureddin Hamza Efendi, because of this difficulty resigned and went to Istanbul. Musliheddin Musa Efendi, one of the scholars of Amasya, known as professor of the Hüseyniye and librarian of the Sultan Bayezid Library, became mufti of Amasya and professor of the Sultaniye.
After Hüsrev Pasha returned to Diyarbekir, the rebels gathered again and continued the rising under the leadership of Halil Bey, son of Zünnun Shah. The famous Hubyar Baba, who was Zünnun's caliph, was Halil Bey's adviser.
They came by way of Turhal and settled around Varay and began to threaten Amasya. Abdullah Bey, bey of Amasya, with the force he took with him, pursued them, fighting in the district of Varay, and went as far as Artukabad. In the battle that took place there he too was martyred. Veli Bey was appointed to the sanjak of Amasya.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- beyzâde: son of a bey, one descended from a bey
- sâniyen: for the second time
- müşkilât: difficulties
- Öz Nâhiyesi: the district of Amasya attached to the center
- fuzalâ: scholars, learned persons
- hâfız-ı kütüb: librarian, keeper of the books
- müsteşâr: adviser
- temekkün etmek: to settle, to consolidate one's position
- ma'iyyet: the officials who are with someone, retinue
- ta'kîb etmek: to follow, to chase
Abdullah Bey and the Isfendiyaroğulları Line
Hüsameddin shows Abdullah Bey as descended from Kızıl Ahmed Bey. Kızıl Ahmed is the last ruler of the Isfendiyaroğulları (Candaroğulları) Principality. When he entered Ottoman service he was given the sanjak of Bolu; in the time of Fatih Sultan Mehmed he was briefly placed at the head of the Candaroğlu realm but afterward took refuge with the Akkoyunlu Uzun Hasan. In the time of Bayezid II he was pardoned and returned to Ottoman territory, and again the sanjak of Bolu was given to him as a dirlik. His sons Musa and Mirza Mehmed were in Ottoman service; Mirza Mehmed married Şahnisa Sultan, daughter of Prince Abdullah, and Şemsi Ahmed Pasha was born of this marriage. It is not clear whether Hüsameddin's phrase "Kızıl Ahmed Beyzade" means one of these sons or a later grandson. No information was found in other sources on Abdullah Bey's identity and term of office.
The Muftiship of Amasya and the Madrasas
The muftiship changed hands often in these years. According to Hüsameddin's records, Üçbaş Nureddin Hamza took office in 929, left because of this difficulty in 933, and Musliheddin Musa Efendi succeeded him; Musliheddin will die in 936 and Bayezid Efendi will come in his place. That Üçbaş was professor at the madrasa Bayezid II had built at Amasya and for a time mufti is also written in other sources. The place of the Hüseyniye Madrasa and the Sultan Bayezid Library in Amasya's educational life is a separate subject; no information was found in other sources on Musliheddin Musa Efendi.
Hubyar Baba
Hubyar Baba, whom Hüsameddin counts as Zünnun's caliph, is according to some researchers the planner of the rising that Zünnun's son Halil began in 1527 and the one who gathered supporters. The same researchers write that Halil was the tribal bey of the Hisar Beğlü clan and that clans such as the Çiçeklü, Ağca Koyunlu and Mesutlu joined him. The number of those who rose is given as 5-6 thousand. The center of the rising was the town of Kat, overlooking Kazova between Tokat and Turhal. This account does not seem to contradict Hüsameddin's sentence "came by way of Turhal and settled around Varay." It is also reported that in later years Hubyar Baba settled in the village of Hubyar in the Tokat-Sivas region and that in 1566 a waqf was established and the ocak obtained some privileges; this information was seen in only one source and could not be verified.
Artukabad
Artukabad (Artukova) in the text is the old name of the Artova district of today's Tokat. The historic kaza of Artukabad covered today's Artova, Sulusaray and Yeşilyurt districts and a narrow area lying east of Zile. The name is associated with Artuk Bey, one of Alparslan's commanders. The clash Hüsameddin narrates took place in this region; no information was found in the sources on Abdullah Bey's grave or the place where he fell as a martyr. No record could be reached separately either on the district of Varay or on Zünnun's epithet "Varaylı."
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 3, p. 502. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
Official sources
Other sources