AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE-İ TÂRİHİYYE

Es-Seyyid Ali Bey

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 4, p. 547 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Hicabi GÜLGEN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Amasyalıdır. A‘yân-ı ümerâdan es-Seyyid İn’âm Bey’in mahdûmudur. “Nefîszâde” demekle meşhûrdur. 1028 senesi Cumâdelûlâsının yedinci günü Amasya beyi olup tarafından kethüdâyeri Aydın Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu.

Şa’bân evâsıtında Zülfikâr Bey’in ref‘inden Çavuşzâde Abdülbâkî Bey yine Amasya alaybeyi olup Zilka’de evâilinde Mirlivâ es-Seyyid Ali Bey İstanbul’dan geldi. Zilhiccede fuzalâdan Harşeneli İbrâhim Efendi Kal’a-i Bâlâ’da vefât etdi.

1029 senesi muharreminde Müftü Abdullah Efendi’nin azliyle yerine Amasya [33] ulemâsından Cumâzâde Hızır Efendi Amasya müftüsü oldu. Saferinde Amasya Beyi Seyyid Ali Bey’e Kars beylerbeyiliği verilip Amasya sancağı Bâyezîd beyi İbrâhim Bey’e tevcîh edildi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a native of Amasya, a son of Seyyid İn'âm Bey, one of the leading figures among the beys. He is known as "Nefîszâde." On the seventh day of Cemâziyelevvel in 1028 [1619] he became bey of Amasya; in his name, his kethüda (steward) Aydın Ağa became mütesellim (deputy governor) of Amasya.

In the middle of the month of Şaban, with the dismissal of Zülfikâr Bey, Çavuşzâde Abdülbâkî Bey once again became alaybeyi of Amasya. At the beginning of Zilkade the mirliva (sanjak governor) Seyyid Ali Bey came from Istanbul. In Zilhicce, İbrâhim Efendi of Harşena, one of the scholars, died in the Upper Fortress.

In Muharrem 1029 [1619], when Mufti Abdullah Efendi was dismissed, Cumâzâde Hızır Efendi, one of the scholars of Amasya, became mufti of Amasya in his place. In Safer, the beylerbeyilik of Kars was given to Seyyid Ali Bey, Bey of Amasya; the sanjak of Amasya was given to İbrâhim Bey, the bey of Bayezid.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • a'yân-ı ümerâ: the leading figures among the beys
  • mahdûm: son
  • "Nefîszâde": son of Nefîs, of the family of Nefîs
  • tarafından: (here) in his name, as his deputy
  • ref': removal from office; azl: dismissal
  • fuzalâ: scholars, people of merit
  • Kal'a-i Bâlâ: the Upper Fortress, the topmost part of Amasya Fortress on Mount Harşena
  • mirlivâ: sanjak governor
  • beylerbeyi: governor of a province made up of several sanjaks

İn'âm Beyzâde Seyyid Ali

This short entry records the sanjak governorship of a native of Amasya who appears several times in the pages of the book between 4-10 and 4-14. Two years earlier, in Şaban 1026, İn'âm Beyzâde Seyyid Ali Ağa appears as kethüda of the Bey of Amasya. At the end of the previous entry the sanjak of Amasya is given to Seyyid Ali Ağa, then voyvoda of Tokat and beytülmal emini (steward of the treasury for estates without heirs) of Amasya. In this entry, Seyyid Ali Bey receives the governorship in Cemâziyelevvel 1028; since he was in Istanbul, he took over the sanjak only six months later, on arriving, and a few months afterward moved on to the beylerbeyilik of Kars. In 4-14 Hüsameddin says that he was a relative of Hoca Ömer Efendi. A career that rose from a city kethüdalık to a beylerbeyilik within a few years fits Hüsameddin's general observation that in those same years natives of Amasya were appointed to many high posts through the influence of Hoca Ömer Efendi.

The origin of the nickname "Nefîszâde" is not explained in this entry, but the pages in which Hüsameddin describes the districts of Amasya one by one for the same years offer a clue. There the voyvoda of Zünnûnâbâd (Tanunözü, present-day Mecitözü) is given as "İn'âm Beyzâde es-Seyyid Ali Ağa of the descendants of Elvân Çelebi." In the same place, "Nefisoğlu eş-Şeyh Elvân Efendi son of Abdurrahman Efendi" is mentioned as the district's mufti and as the sheikh and mütevelli of the Elvân Çelebi Tekke; Hüsameddin notes that Hamdullah Hamdi Çelebi, chancellor (nişancı) of Prince Mustafa, was the uncle of this Elvân Efendi, and that İn'âm Beyzâde Seyyid Ali Ağa was a grandson of Hamdullah Çelebi. Accordingly Seyyid Ali belongs to a branch of the family known as "Nefisoğlu" that ran the Elvan Çelebi zaviye (dervish lodge) at Mecitözü. According to the entry "Elvan Çelebi" in the Türkiye Maarif Ansiklopedisi, the founder of the zaviye was Elvan Çelebi, son of the mystic poet Âşık Paşa and great-grandson of Baba İlyâs-ı Horasânî; he had a mosque, a zaviye, a tomb and a bath built in the village that today bears his name in the Mecitözü district of Çorum, died after 1358–59, and was buried in the tomb beside his zaviye. Hüsameddin also mentions, from the same period, a "Nefîszâde es-Seyyid İbrâhim Efendi," a pupil of the calligrapher Kâsım Efendi who gained fame in Istanbul; this calligrapher too was probably of the same family, but this is not stated explicitly.

Kars and Bayezid

The beylerbeyilik of Kars to which Seyyid Ali moved was a relatively new province on the Persian frontier. According to Tufan Gündüz's encyclopedia entry on Kars, the sanjak of Kars was separated from the province of Erzurum in 988 (1580) and made a separate beylerbeyilik; the city became the center of the province and kept that status until the early nineteenth century. According to Hüsameddin's biographical volumes, another native of Amasya, Abdullah Paşazâde Hacı Abdülkerim Pasha, had also become beylerbeyi of Kars in 1025.

İbrâhim Bey, who came to Amasya in his place, is called the "bey of Bâyezîd." This is present-day Doğubayazıt. According to Metin Tuncel's encyclopedia entry, Bayazıt was annexed to Ottoman lands in 1514 under Yavuz Sultan Selim; it was first a sanjak center attached to the province of Van and later attached to the province of Erzurum, and because of its closeness to the Persian frontier it had become important as a fortress town. That the two beys exchanged places between posts on the eastern frontier and Amasya shows that the beys of this sanjak were often involved in affairs on the Persian front. İbrâhim Bey is the subject of the next entry.

İbrâhim Efendi of Harşena and the Upper Fortress

İbrâhim Efendi of Harşena, who died in the Upper Fortress, is named by Hüsameddin among the famous ulema of Amasya in those years, together with the poet Türâbî Mustafa Efendi, Cumâzâde Hızır Efendi and Dursunzâde Mehmed Efendi. The biographical volumes, for their part, write that Hoca Ahmed Pasha, brother of Hoca Ömer Efendi, completed his education by studying with Türâbî Mustafa and İbrâhim Efendi of Harşena. Thus this scholar appears as one of the teachers who trained the Amasya family close to the palace in the time of Osman II.

The nisba "of Harşena" and his place of death point to the topmost part of Amasya Fortress. The fortress stands on Mount Harşena, which covers the north of the city, and is therefore also called Harşena Fortress. From top to bottom it consists of three parts: the Upper Fortress (Harşena Fortress), the terrace of the Kızlar Sarayı (Maidens' Palace) in front of the royal rock tombs, and the Inner City (Lower Fortress), where today's Hatuniye Neighborhood lies. According to Emine Naza Dönmez's article on the fortress excavations, it is known that in the Ottoman period the Kızlar Sarayı and Harşena Fortress contained a mosque, a madrasa, a bath and a prison; but nothing remains visible on the surface of the buildings in the Upper Fortress where the fortress commanders (dizdars) lived. The place Hüsameddin calls "Kal'a-i Bâlâ" was, at the beginning of the seventeenth century, a settlement in which civilians lived alongside the fortress garrison; Hüsameddin also writes that during the Celâlî raid the people of Amasya brought their women and children up here.

Cumâzâde Hızır Efendi

The life of Cumâzâde Hızır Efendi, who became mufti, is given in Hüsameddin's biographical volumes. There he is the son of the kadı (judge) Ahmed Efendi son of Cuma Efendi. After studying in Amasya he went to Istanbul and became a mülâzım (candidate) to İvaz Efendi, served in Amasya as a ders-i âm (public lecturer), and in 1020 became müderris (madrasa professor) at the Rüstem Pasha madrasa in Tekirdağ, in 1025 at the Sinan Pasha madrasa in Beşiktaş, and in the Zilhicce of the same year at the Emîr Sultan madrasas in Bursa. The biography writes that he was appointed to the mufti's office of Amasya and the professorship of the Sultan Bayezid madrasa in Safer 1029 in place of Malkaralı Ahmed Efendi; the entry here, with "Muharrem, in place of Abdullah Efendi," differs both in the month and in the predecessor. According to the same biography he became molla of Konya in Zilhicce 1032, was dismissed in 1034 and returned to Amasya, and died in Zilhicce 1035. Since entry 4-14 places the mollaship of Konya in Zilhicce 1030, there is here too a two-year discrepancy between Hüsameddin's two works. Hüsameddin also records that as early as 1012 Hızır Efendi was among the Amasya ulema who mediated in the submission of the Celâlî chieftain Deli Zülfikâr.

Those Not Found

No information was found in sources other than Hüsameddin on Seyyid İn'âm Bey, Çavuşzâde Abdülbâkî Bey and the dismissed Mufti Abdullah Efendi. Hüsameddin counts Abdülbâkî Bey, together with his brother Çavuşzâde Abdülkâdir Bey, among the well-known zeamet holders of Amasya in those years. Abdülbâkî Bey reappears in entries 4-15 and 4-16 as the hero of the defense of Karahisar-ı Şarkî during the Abaza rebellion.

Bibliography

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