AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE-İ TÂRİHİYYE

Mustafa Bey

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 4, p. 548–549 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Hicabi GÜLGEN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Boluludur. “Rum Beyoğlu” demekle meşhûr Deli Behram Paşa’nın oğludur. 1031 senesi recebinin on ikinci günü Amasya sancağı beyi olup vusûlüne kadar Amasya alaybeyi Abdülbâkî Bey Amasya mütesellimi oldu. Mutasarrıf es-Seyyid Ali Paşa’nın Amasya’daki emvâl ü emlâkini ahz u kabza me’mûren çavuşândan Abdülfettah Ağazâde Mehmed Ağa geldi.

Şa’bânda şıkk-ı sânî defterdârı Hüseyin Efendi, çavuşbaşı Mehmed Bey, sipâhiler ağası Haydar Ağa, yeniçeri ocağında silahdâr ağası Kara Hasan [37] Ağa ve bunlardan sonra Batum Beylerbeyi Hoca Ahmed Paşa, ma‘zûl ve menfî olarak Amasya’ya geldiler.

Yine şa’bânın evâsıtında Mirlivâ Mustafa Bey mükemmel kapısı halkıyla Amasya’ya geldi. Bu esnada Abdullah Paşa Evkâfı Mütevellîsi Abdullah Paşazâde Veli Bey vefât eylediğinden tevliyet mahdûmu Abdî ve ammizâdesi Hacı Mustafa Beylere verildi.

Fakat İstanbul’da Sultân Osmân’ın felâketi, taşralara pek sûzeşli aksetmiş, halk yeniçerilerden ve yeniçerilikten teneffür edecek vaziyetler göstermişdi.

Halkın bu vaziyeti, Erzurum Vâlisi Abaza Mehmed Paşa’yı intikâma sevk ederek kıyâm ve Karahisar-ı Şarkî Mutasarrıfı es-Seyyid Ali Paşa da Abaza Paşa’ya iltihâk etdi.

Abaza Mehmed Paşa, Sultân Osmân’ın kanını yeniçerilerden talep ve dava ederek yeniçerileri Erzurum’dan sürüp çıkardı. Kalesini zabt ve sekbânlar tedârik etmekte idi. Kendisine iltihâk eden beyler ve sipâhilerle cemiyeti günden güne kesb-i ehemmiyet ediyordu.

Amasya zu‘amâsından ve sipâhilerinden Seyyid Ahmed Bey, Lâdikli Seyyid Han Bey, Kağnılızâde Aydın Ağa, Gevüklü Kara Mehmed Ağa, Köse Mehmed Ağa, Sarhoş Mehmed Ağa, Köprülü Müezzinzâde kardeşi Hasan Ağa, Köprülü Yanık Kadızâde Şeyh Mehmed Ağa, Merzifonî Karakaş oğlu Ahmed Ağa, Kazovalı Kör İbrâhim Ağa ve emsali azılı ve serbâz adamlar Abaza Paşa’ya iltihâk etmişlerdi. [38]

Mirlivâ Mustafa Bey’le Alaybeyi Bâkî Bey, Karahisar-ı Şarkî mutasarrıfı olan Çerkes Murtezâ Paşa’ya yardım etmeye me’mûr olup, kethüdâyeri Murâd Beyzâde Mustafa Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu.

Şevvâlin yirmisinde birâderi Bayram Paşa nüfûzuna dayanıp Yörgüç Paşa evkâfı mütevellîsi, ya’nî hilâf-ı şart-ı vâkıf-ı evkâfın müstevlîsi olan Lâdikli Kurd Ağazâde Mahmûd Bey ref‘ edilip yerine altmış dördüncü bölükte mukayyed sipâhi Veli Beyzâde Hüseyin Bey mütevellî oldu.

Ancak Sivas Eyâleti, cemiyeti büyüyen Erzurum Beylerbeyi Abaza Mehmed Paşa’ya ilâveten tevcîh edildiğinden Amasya sancağı, zilhiccede Sivas Beylerbeyi Tayyar Mehmed Paşa’ya ber-vech-i hâss verildi. Abaza Paşa’nın isyanı kolaylıkla bertaraf olur zannedildi.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was from Bolu. He was the son of Deli Behram Pasha, known as "Rum Beyoğlu." On the twelfth day of Recep 1031 [1621–22] he became sanjak bey of Amasya. Until he himself arrived, the alaybeyi of Amasya, Abdülbâkî Bey, became mütesellim (deputy governor) of Amasya. Mehmed Ağa son of Abdülfettah Ağa, one of the çavuşes (state messengers) charged with seizing the goods and property of the Mutasarrıf Seyyid Ali Pasha in Amasya, arrived.

In the month of Şaban the second defterdar Hüseyin Efendi, the çavuşbaşı Mehmed Bey, the sipahiler ağası Haydar Ağa, Kara Hasan Ağa, silahdar ağası in the janissary corps, and after them Hoca Ahmed Pasha, Beylerbeyi of Batum, came to Amasya, removed from their posts and exiled.

Again in the middle of Şaban the mirliva (sanjak governor) Mustafa Bey came to Amasya with the men of his complete retinue. At this time, since Abdullah Paşazâde Veli Bey, Mütevelli of the Abdullah Pasha Waqf, died, the trusteeship was given to his son Abdî and to his paternal cousin Hacı Mustafa Bey.

But the catastrophe that befell Sultan Osman in Istanbul had been received very bitterly in the provinces, and the people showed an attitude of loathing toward the janissaries and the janissary corps.

This state of the people drove Abaza Mehmed Pasha, Governor of Erzurum, to seek revenge and led to his revolt; Seyyid Ali Pasha, Mutasarrıf of Karahisar-ı Şarkî, also joined Abaza Pasha.

Abaza Mehmed Pasha, demanding Sultan Osman's blood from the janissaries and bringing suit over it, drove the janissaries out of Erzurum. He seized the fortress and was gathering sekbans. With the beys and sipahis who joined him, his following was growing in importance day by day.

Among the holders of zeamets and the sipahis of Amasya, Seyyid Ahmed Bey, Seyyid Han Bey of Lâdik, Aydın Ağa son of Kağnılı, Kara Mehmed Ağa of Gevük, Köse Mehmed Ağa, Sarhoş Mehmed Ağa, Hasan Ağa, brother of Müezzinzâde of Köprü, Şeyh Mehmed Ağa son of Yanık Kadı of Köprü, Ahmed Ağa son of Karakaş of Merzifon, Kör İbrâhim Ağa of Kazova and similar fierce and daring men had joined Abaza Pasha.

The mirliva Mustafa Bey and the Alaybeyi Bâkî Bey were charged with assisting Circassian Murtezâ Pasha, mutasarrıf of Karahisar-ı Şarkî; his kethüda Mustafa Ağa son of Murâd Bey also became mütesellim of Amasya.

On the twentieth of Şevval, Mahmûd Bey son of Kurd Ağa of Lâdik, who had become mütevelli of the Yörgüç Pasha waqf by relying on the influence of his brother Bayram Pasha, that is, had seized the waqf contrary to the founder's condition, was dismissed; in his place Hüseyin Bey son of Veli Bey, a sipahi registered in the sixty-fourth company, became mütevelli.

But because the province of Sivas was given in addition to Abaza Mehmed Pasha, the Beylerbeyi of Erzurum, whose following was growing, the sanjak of Amasya was given in the month of Zilhicce as a hass (personal revenue) to Tayyar Mehmed Pasha, Beylerbeyi of Sivas. It was thought that Abaza Pasha's revolt would be put down easily.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • vusûl: arrival, coming
  • emvâl ü emlâk: goods and property; ahz u kabz: taking and taking possession, seizure
  • çavuşân: the divan çavuşes
  • ma'zûl ve menfî: dismissed and exiled
  • mükemmel kapı halkı: the complete retinue of a bey, his servants and soldiers
  • tevliyet: waqf administration, trusteeship; ammizâde: paternal cousin
  • sûzeşli: burning, cutting to the heart
  • teneffür: loathing, feeling hatred
  • kıyâm: uprising; iltihâk: joining
  • sekbân: hired soldier armed with a firearm
  • cemiyet: (here) the force gathered around someone
  • zu'amâ: zeamet holders
  • azılı ve serbâz: reckless, careless of their lives
  • hilâf-ı şart-ı vâkıf: contrary to the founder's condition; müstevlî: one who seizes by force
  • ber-vech-i hâss: as a hass, that is, as the beylerbeyi's own revenue

Mustafa Bey of Bolu and the Exiled Natives of Amasya

Hüsameddin introduces Mustafa Bey, sent to Amasya while bey of Bolu, as the son of Deli Behram Pasha, known as "Rum Beyoğlu." No information was found in other sources on a Behram Pasha known by this name; no link could be established with the Behram Pashas of the sixteenth century.

The entry's real importance is that it shows the consequences of the killing of Osman II in Amasya. The natives of Amasya who in the previous entry were said to have risen thanks to Hoca Ömer Efendi are dismissed from their posts and exiled to their home town immediately after the sultan's death: the second defterdar Hüseyin Efendi, the çavuşbaşı Mehmed Bey, the sipahiler ağası Haydar Ağa, the janissary silahdar ağası Kara Hasan Ağa and Hoca's brother, the beylerbeyi of Batum, Ahmed Pasha. Hüsameddin's biographical volumes give the later lives of some of these persons too. Ahmed Pasha was in 1032 assigned to residence with some hass revenues in Amasya and Niksar and remained out of office for seven years. Another Hüseyin Efendi of Amasya, who attached himself to Hoca Ömer Efendi and rose as far as the defterdarship of Anatolia, was likewise dismissed in Recep 1031, sent to Amasya, and lived there in exile for about three years. The confiscation of the Mutasarrıf Seyyid Ali Pasha's properties in Amasya is also part of the same purge.

The Beginning of the Abaza Mehmed Pasha Revolt

Hüsameddin writes that the killing of Osman II provoked deep anger in the provinces and that this mood drove Abaza Mehmed Pasha, governor of Erzurum, to revolt. According to Müctebâ İlgürel's encyclopedia entry, Abaza, while treasurer of Canbolatoğlu, was captured, was pardoned through the mediation of the janissary ağa Halil Ağa, and became beylerbeyi first of Maraş and then in 1621 of Erzurum. Upon the killing of Osman II he declared the janissaries "murderers of the sultan," set about destroying the janissaries in Erzurum with the sekbans he had gathered, appointed his own men to the sanjaks and began to collect taxes from the people. The movement against the corps that began in Istanbul and in Anatolia created great unrest among the soldiers, and Abaza took advantage of it. Hüsameddin's sentence "the people showed an attitude of loathing toward the janissaries and the janissary corps" agrees with this picture.

Bünyamin Tan's study of Ali Cevâd's biography of Abaza gives the sequence of events in somewhat more detail. After securing the loyalty of the sipahis, Abaza expelled the janissaries from Erzurum, and the janissaries came to Istanbul and complained of him (13 Muharrem 1032 / 17 November 1622). Thereupon the province of Erzurum was taken from Abaza and given to the former beylerbeyi of Diyarbekir, Mustafa Pasha, and Abaza was ordered to go to Sivas; but Abaza refused to leave Erzurum. Hüsameddin, however, writes that the province of Sivas was given to Abaza "in addition" to Erzurum, and that thereupon the sanjak of Amasya was detached from Sivas as a hass and left to Tayyar Mehmed Pasha. The two accounts agree that the government tried at first to calm the revolt with appointments. Hüsameddin's sentence "it was thought that Abaza Pasha's revolt would easily be put down" conveys this optimism; in reality the revolt would last until 1628.

The Natives of Amasya Who Joined Abaza

Hüsameddin gives the names of ten of the zeamet holders and sipahis of Amasya who joined Abaza. A few names on this list can be traced in other sources too. Turan Açık's study based on the sharia court registers of Amasya, titled "Kara Mehmed Ağa'nın Ardından," examines in detail the person who appears in the list as "Kara Mehmed Ağa of Gevük." According to Açık, this name can also be read in the registers as "Güveylü" or "Üyüklü"; Kara Mehmed Ağa was a çavuş of the exalted court (dergâh-ı âlî), a tax farmer, a collector (muhassıl), and for a time in 1615 mütesellim of Amasya, a kapıkulu sipahi who owned much property and traded in grain, with sixteen granaries full of it in various parts of Amasya. Açık notes that together with his father-in-law Aydın Ağa he entered Abaza's retinue and during the revolt made unjust seizures from many people in Amasya. He also records that in the registers Kara Mehmed Ağa appears to have died at the beginning of 1042 (1633), while the dates Hüsameddin gives for his death do not agree with each other.

Aydın Ağa son of Kağnılı, named in the list, is the person seen in entry 4-10 as kethüda and mütesellim of the Bey of Amasya. According to Hüsameddin's biographical volumes and Açık's relaying of them, Aydın Ağa rose by attaching himself to Hoca Ömer Efendi, became kethüda of the sipahis on returning from the Polish campaign, fled to Amasya in Recep 1031 upon the killing of the sultan and joined Abaza with his companions. He became a company chief in Abaza's army and a man the pasha trusted; in 1034 he submitted to the state and was pardoned, and then through the patronage of Bayram Pasha became beylerbeyi of Abyssinia in 1036 and of Yemen in 1037. Açık notes that the name of this family appears in the registers as "Kanlı Ali Ağazâde"; the reading "Kağnılı" in Hüsameddin's printed text is therefore disputed.

The life of Seyyid Han Bey of Lâdik is also found in Hüsameddin's biographical volumes. According to it, this seyyid, descended from the mütevelli of the Ahmed-i Kebîr er-Rifâî zaviye at Lâdik, joined the following of the Celâlî Karayazıcı in 1008, took refuge with the state on the advice of the Amasya ulema in 1013 and recovered his zeamet, became alaybeyi of Sivas in 1017, and then sanjak bey of Bayezid and Divriği. In 1031 he followed Abaza and demanded Osman II's blood, and in 1032 became bey of Erzincan. This person meets us again in entry 4-16 as the beylerbeyi of Sivas appointed by Abaza.

Thus the list is seen to consist both of old Celâlîs and of sipahis who had risen under Hoca Ömer Efendi's patronage and lost everything with the sultan's death. Abaza's cause of "Sultan Osman's blood" gathered these two groups on the same side. According to İlgürel's entry, with the joining of Seyfoğlu Yûsuf Pasha, governor of Tripoli of Syria, and Kalavun Yûsuf Pasha, beylerbeyi of Maraş, thirty thousand people gathered around Abaza in a short time.

Waqf Records

The Abdullah Pasha waqf, whose mütevelli changed, is the waqf of the Dârülhadis Mosque in the Sofular Neighborhood of Amasya. According to the encyclopedia entry "Dârülhadis Camii," the building, also called the Abdullah Pasha Mosque or Sofular Mosque, was built as a mosque and dârülhadis (hadith school) by Beylerbeyi Hacısinanbeyzâde Abdullah Pasha (d. 896/1490–91), one of the dignitaries of the time of Bayezid II, and its waqf deed was drawn up by his son Defterdar Abdülkerim Bey in 907 (1501–1502). The building stands today and is used as a mosque. Hüsameddin's biographical volumes show that during the seventeenth century the trusteeship of the waqf changed hands within the family descended from Abdullah Pasha, known as "Hacı Paşazâde."

Mahmûd Bey son of Kurd Ağa of Lâdik, who seized the Yörgüç Pasha waqf, is the brother of Bayram Pasha, who would later become grand vizier. According to Yusuf Halaçoğlu's encyclopedia entry, Bayram Pasha, son of Kurd Ağa of Lâdik, rose from the janissary corps, became turnacıbaşı in 1622, zağarcıbaşı in 1623, and in the same year janissary kethüda and janissary ağa, married Hanzâde Sultan, daughter of Ahmed I, and became grand vizier in 1637. Hüsameddin's phrase "relying on the influence of his brother Bayram Pasha" falls in the years when Bayram was only beginning to rise in the corps. In Hüsameddin's biographical volumes it is written that Hüseyin Bey son of Veli Bey, the new mütevelli of the waqf, was of the line of Yörgüç Pasha and a sipahi registered in the sixty-fourth company, that in early 1031 Mahmûd Bey, brother of Bayram Pasha, became mütevelli of the Yörgüç Pasha waqf, and that afterward the trusteeship returned to the family. That an office belonging to the descendants of the waqf's founder passed into the hands of an outsider and was then taken back is the practical counterpart of the principle of waqf law Hüsameddin stresses as "hilâf-ı şart-ı vâkıf."

Those Not Found

The men of Köprü in the list also appear on the page where Hüsameddin describes the district of Köprü in the same years: among the well-known notables of the town, Müezzinzâde Ahmed Pasha and Şeyh Mehmed Ağa son of Yanık Kadı are counted. Köse Mehmed Ağa, Serhoş Mehmed Ağa and Kara Mehmed Ağa of Gevük are also mentioned there among the influential sipahi ağas of Amasya. Apart from this, no information was found in other sources on Deli Behram Pasha, Mehmed Ağa son of Abdülfettah Ağa, the janissary silahdar ağası Kara Hasan Ağa, and the other sipahis in the list (Seyyid Ahmed Bey, Köse Mehmed Ağa, Sarhoş Mehmed Ağa, Hasan Ağa, brother of Müezzinzâde of Köprü, Şeyh Mehmed Ağa son of Yanık Kadı of Köprü, Ahmed Ağa son of Karakaş of Merzifon, Kör İbrâhim Ağa of Kazova). Circassian Murtezâ Pasha and the defense of Karahisar are treated in the next entry.

Bibliography

Primary sources

Academic studies

Volume 4 contents

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