AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · BİRİNCİ BÂB · ONUNCU FASIL · ÜÇÜNCÜ DEVRE-İ TÂRİHİYYE

İbrâhim Bey

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 4, p. 547 • Edited by: Doç. Dr. Hicabi GÜLGEN

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Gürcü’dür. Umerâdan Ali Bey’in oğludur. Kuyucu Murâd Paşa’nın kapıcılar kethüdâlığından tefeyyüz etdi. “Gürcü hazînedâr” demekle meşhûr idi.⁶²⁸ 1029 senesi saferinin onuncu günü Amasya beyi oldu.

Rebîülâhir gurresinde kibâr-ı kudâttan Hayreddînzâde İbrâhim Efendi Amasya kadısı oldu. Bu esnada İran Musâlahası’ndan dolayı ıtlâk edilen üserâdan Mehmed Paşazâde Kurd Mahmûd Bey Amasya’ya geldi. Evlâd-ı inâsdan Seydî Beyzâde Mustafa Bey’in ref‘inden Hızır ve Mehmed paşalar evkâfına mütevellî oldu.

Recebin dördünde Manisalı Bekir Paşa’nın azliyle Hasan Efendi baş defterdâr olup Karaman beylerbeyi olan Amasyalı Sandukîzâde Abdülkerim Paşa şıkk-ı sânî defterdârı ve Bostancıbaşı Bosnalı Pîr Mehmed Paşa da Sivas vâlisi oldu.⁶²⁹

1030 senesi gurre-i muharreminde otuz dördüncü bölükde mukayyed [34] sipâhi Amasyalı Murâd Beyzâde Mustafa Ağa Sultân Bâyezîd evkâfı mütevellîsi oldu. Bu esnada vüzerâdan Amasyalı Budin Vâlisi Kadızâde Ali Paşa vefât etdi. Budin Kadısı Amasyalı Hâbilzâde Hâbil Efendi idi.

Rebîülâhir gurresinde Amasya Kadısı Hayreddînzâde İbrâhim Efendi ber-vech-i mevleviyyet Trabzon kadısı olduğundan yerine Hamzazâde Mustafa Efendi Amasya kadısı ve tarafından el-Hâc Mehmed Efendi Amasya nâibi oldu.

Recebin on ikisinde Bâyezîd Paşa İmâreti şeyhi meşâhir-i ulemâdan Ebu Bekir Efendi vefât edib yerine Şeyh İbrâhim Efendi hulefâsından Mevlevîhâne şeyhi Durmuş Dede Efendi imâret şeyhi ve şa’bânın yedisinde yirmi dokuzuncu bölükte mukayyed silahdâr Mehmed Ağa bin Mustafa Ağa evkâf-ı Sultâniyye mütevellîsi oldu.

Bu esnada Amasya Beyi İbrâhim Bey Lehistan Harbi’ne me’mûr olup Amasya askeriyle gitdiğinden kethüdâyeri Arab Hüseyin Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu. Şevvâlde Mirlivâ İbrâhim Bey’in azline binâen Amasya sancağı sâbık Kars beylerbeyi es-Seyyid Ali Paşa’ya Karahisar-ı Şarkî sancağıyla beraber tevcîh edildi.

Footnotes

  • 628 İbrahim Bey, masârıf ve mukâtaât defterlerinde Gürcü hazinedâr İbrahim Bey bin Ali Bey diye mestûrdur.
  • 629 Bu tevcîhât, Evkâf mahzeninde bulunan Telhîsât Defterinde görüldü.
Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was a Georgian, a son of Ali Bey, one of the beys. He rose in the service of Kuyucu Murâd Pasha as his kethüda of the kapıcılar (head of palace gatekeepers). He was known as the "Georgian treasurer." On the tenth day of Safer in 1029 [1620] he became bey of Amasya.

At the beginning of Rebîülâhir İbrâhim Efendi son of Hayreddîn, one of the great kadıs (judges), became kadı of Amasya. At this time Kurd Mahmûd Bey son of Mehmed Pasha, one of the captives released under the peace made with Persia, came to Amasya. With the dismissal of Mustafa Bey son of Seydî Bey, one of the descendants through a daughter, he became mütevelli of the waqfs of the pashas Hızır and Mehmed.

On the fourth of Recep, with the dismissal of Bekir Pasha of Manisa, Hasan Efendi became chief defterdar (treasurer). Abdülkerim Pasha son of Sanduki, a native of Amasya who was beylerbeyi of Karaman, became second defterdar, and the bostancıbaşı (chief of the palace gardeners) Pîr Mehmed Pasha of Bosnia became governor of Sivas.

At the beginning of Muharrem 1030 [1620] Mustafa Ağa son of Murâd Bey, a native of Amasya and a sipahi (cavalryman) registered in the thirty-fourth company, became mütevelli of the Sultan Bayezid waqfs. At this time Kadızâde Ali Pasha, one of the viziers and a native of Amasya, governor of Buda, died. The kadı of Buda was Hâbil Efendi son of Hâbil, also a native of Amasya.

At the beginning of Rebîülâhir, since Hayreddînzâde İbrâhim Efendi, kadı of Amasya, became kadı of Trabzon with the rank of mevleviyet, Mustafa Efendi son of Hamza became kadı of Amasya in his place, and Hacı Mehmed Efendi became naib (deputy judge) of Amasya in his name.

On the twelfth of Recep, Ebu Bekir Efendi, sheikh of the Bayezid Pasha İmâret and one of the famous scholars, died. In his place Durmuş Dede Efendi, sheikh of the Mevlevi lodge and one of the caliphs (deputies) of Sheikh İbrâhim Efendi, became sheikh of the imaret. On the seventh of Şaban, Mehmed Ağa son of Mustafa Ağa, a silahdar registered in the twenty-ninth company, became mütevelli of the sultanic waqfs.

At this time, because İbrâhim Bey, Bey of Amasya, was assigned to the Polish War and went with the Amasya troops, his kethüda Arab Hüseyin Ağa became mütesellim (deputy governor) of Amasya. In the month of Şevval the mirliva (sanjak governor) İbrâhim Bey was dismissed; the sanjak of Amasya was given, together with the sanjak of Karahisar-ı Şarkî, to Seyyid Ali Pasha, the former beylerbeyi of Kars.

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • tefeyyüz etmek: to grow up and rise
  • kapıcılar kethüdâsı: the head, the steward, of the gatekeepers of a pasha or of the palace
  • hazînedâr: treasury official, treasurer
  • kibâr-ı kudât: the great kadıs
  • müsâlaha: peace; ıtlâk: release; üserâ: captives
  • evlâd-ı inâs: the descendants of daughters
  • ref': removal from office; azl: dismissal
  • şıkk-ı sânî defterdârı: the second defterdar
  • bostancıbaşı: head of the palace gardens and of the bostancı corps
  • mukayyed sipâhi: a sipahi registered in the roll of one of the kapıkulu sipahi companies
  • ber-vech-i mevleviyyet: with the high judicial rank called mevleviyet
  • nâib: the judge who is the deputy of a kadı
  • hulefâ: the caliphs (deputies) of a sheikh
  • silahdâr: a kapıkulu cavalryman registered in the silahdar company

Georgian İbrâhim Bey and Hüsameddin's Sources

In this entry Hüsameddin gives two footnotes. In the first he says that İbrâhim Bey is recorded in the expenditure and mukataa (revenue-farm) registers as "Georgian treasurer İbrâhim Bey son of Ali Bey"; in the second, that he saw the appointments of defterdars and beylerbeyis in the Telhîsât Defteri found in the Evkaf archive. These notes show that the author built his series of sanjak beys more from archival registers than from chronicles and history books. No further information on İbrâhim Bey was found in other sources.

Kuyucu Murâd Pasha, under whom the bey rose, was among the best-known statesmen of the age. According to Ömer İşbilir's encyclopedia entry, Murad Pasha, a devshirme recruit of Croatian origin, became grand vizier on 10 Şaban 1015 (11 December 1606), was known for his campaigns against the Celâlîs in Anatolia, and died at Cülek on 25 Cemâziyelevvel 1020 (5 August 1611). The years in which İbrâhim Bey served as his kethüda of the kapıcılar therefore fall before 1611.

Hüsameddin's biographical volumes complete the record on Arab Hüseyin Ağa, the mütesellim in this entry. According to them, Hüseyin Ağa, a native of Mosul, was one of the sipahis of Amasya; for his usefulness in the incidents with the bandits he became kethüdâyeri (the sipahi commander's deputy) of Amasya in Muharrem 1030, and in the month of Şaban he became mütesellim in the name of the Bey of Amasya, Georgian İbrâhim Bey, who was leaving for the Polish campaign. When the sanjak was taken from İbrâhim Bey in Şevval of the same year, his mütesellimship ended; he remained as kethüda and then died in 1041.

The Peace of Serav and Kurd Mahmûd Bey

Hüsameddin writes that Kurd Mahmûd Bey was among the captives released because of the "peace with Persia." This peace is the Treaty of Serav of 26 September 1618, described in detail in Remzi Kılıç's study. According to Kılıç, the Ottoman forces suffered a heavy defeat on 10 September 1618 on the plain of Serav between Tabriz and Ardabil, and the Crimean Khan Canbek Giray was rescued only with difficulty; even so, the decision to march on Ardabil inclined Shah Abbas toward peace. Among the terms of the treaty were that Kars and Akhaltsikhe would remain with the Ottomans, that the shah would send one hundred loads of silk each year, and that captives would be released on both sides. Kurd Mahmûd Bey's return to Amasya in the spring of 1029 is connected with the carrying out of this clause.

That Kurd Mahmûd Bey became mütevelli of the waqfs of the pashas Hızır and Mehmed in the text also rests on a family tie. In the preceding section Hüsameddin mentions Kurd Mahmûd Bey as mütevelli of the same waqfs, and in a footnote gives his lineage as "Hüseyin Bey son of Ali Bey son of Mahmûd Bey son of Mehmed Pasha son of Hızır Pasha." That is, the trusteeship was given back to this bey, of the male line of the founder Hızır Pasha and his son Mehmed Pasha, from the hands of Mustafa Bey son of Seydî Bey, who descended "through a daughter." It is clear that Hüsameddin used the phrase "evlâd-ı inâs" to mark this distinction.

The Defterdars and Sandukîzâde Abdülkerim

The entry's records of defterdars do not fully coincide with other lists. In compilations listing the Ottoman chief defterdars, for these years Rizeli Hasan Pasha is given as chief defterdar in 1617–1618 and 1620–1621, with "Yahnikapan" Abdülkerim holding the post in between, in 1618–1619; Bekir Pasha of Manisa, whom Hüsameddin mentions, does not appear in these lists. The Hasan Efendi whom Hüsameddin makes chief defterdar in Recep 1029 (summer 1620) falls at the same time as Rizeli Hasan Pasha's second defterdarship.

Abdülkerim Pasha son of Sanduki, who became second defterdar, was a financier who rose from the Sofular Neighborhood of Amasya and is remembered for his ambition and his bitter end. According to Hüsameddin's biographical volumes, while studying at the Sultan Bayezid Madrasa in Istanbul he received the nickname "Yahnikapan" (stew-grabber) among his companions, became imam and preacher at the Bayezid Mosque thanks to the beauty of his voice, and moved into the financial bureau thanks to his skill in accounts. At the suggestion of Chief Defterdar Ahmed Pasha he became defterdar of Sivas in 1019, then of Karaman, and in 1021 beylerbeyi of Karaman. The same biography writes, relying on the "Teşrifât defteri," that he was second defterdar at the time of Bekir Pasha's dismissal and Hasan Efendi's chief defterdarship; but here the date is printed as 1024, not 1029. According to the biography, shortly after Murad IV's accession he became chief defterdar, in 1032 vizier, and in Zilhicce 1034, during a sipahi uprising stirred up by the Deputy Grand Vizier (Sadaret Kaymakamı) Georgian Mehmed Pasha, who envied him, he was dismissed and his property confiscated, then imprisoned and tortured to death.

The entry "Yahnıkapan Abdülkerim Paşa" in Reşad Ekrem Koçu's Istanbul encyclopedia tells the same story with different details: that in his youth he was a softa (madrasa student) who ate from the Bayezid imaret, that he received this nickname because of his gluttony, that he served for a long time as preacher at the Bayezid Mosque, that in the time of Ahmed I he attached himself to Defterdar Ekmekçizâde Ahmed Pasha and acquired great wealth, that he became chief defterdar after Bâkî Pasha, obtained the vizierate by bribery, was dismissed in a sipahi disturbance and tortured with red-hot irons to make him reveal his property, and died a few days later. Koçu also stresses the harm he did to the tax farmers. The two accounts agree on the pasha's end; Hüsameddin, however, remembers him as "a scholar, expert in accounting, versed in affairs of state," and thinks that, since it was understood he would rise to the grand vizierate, he fell victim to the envy of the viziers.

Kadızâde Ali Pasha and Hâbil Efendi

Kadızâde Ali Pasha, whom Hüsameddin calls "a native of Amasya, governor of Buda," and Hâbil Efendi, kadı of Buda, are well-known names in Ottoman–Habsburg relations. According to the entry on Kuyucu Murad Pasha, the negotiations of 20 October–11 November 1606 leading to the Treaty of Zsitvatorok were conducted under the chairmanship of Murad Pasha by his son-in-law Kadızâde Ali Pasha and the kadı of Buda, Hâbil Efendi. But on the date of Ali Pasha's death Hüsameddin differs from the other sources. According to Orhan Kılıç's study of the pashas of Buda, Kadızâde Ali Pasha governed Buda four times, for a total of eight years and eleven months, and his last term lasted from October 1614 to December 1616; Kılıç also notes that he was of Turkish origin. Some sources write that the pasha fell ill while on an inspection in Belgrade and died in 1616, and that his father, the kadı of Buda Hâbil Efendi, was from Bursa; the nickname "Kadızâde" (son of a kadı) comes from this father. Hüsameddin, however, places the death in 1030 [1620–21] and mentions Hâbil Efendi as "Hâbilzâde," a native of Amasya. That Hüsameddin's book records in Amasya a family of ulema descended from Hâbil Bey and known as "Hâbilzâde" may explain this nisba; but on the pasha's date of death and on whether the family was from Amasya or Bursa the sources do not agree.

The Bayezid Pasha İmâret and the Mevlevi Lodge

The "Bayezid Pasha İmâret," whose sheikh changed, is the Bayezid Pasha Mosque in Amasya, near Kuşköprüsü on the bank of the Yeşilırmak. According to Semavi Eyice's encyclopedia entry, the building, per the inscription on its door, was built by Bayezid Pasha, vizier of Çelebi Mehmed, in Muharrem 817 (April 1414), and its waqf deed was drawn up in Zilhicce 820 (January 1418); a summary of the deed is carved in the band inscription of the last-congregation porch and on a rock near the bridge. Eyice counts the building among the finest examples of the "tabhane" or "zaviye" mosques of early Ottoman architecture. Mustafa Çağhan Keskin's article on Bayezid Pasha notes that the inscription itself calls the building an "imaret" and that it was a multi-purpose zaviye with guest rooms. Hüsameddin's record shows that the building still functioned in the seventeenth century as a zaviye run by a sheikh. The mosque stands today.

The story of the Mevlevi lodge (Mevlevîhâne) to which the imaret's new sheikh Durmuş Dede belonged is also fragile in these years. According to Abdulhalim Durma, who relays information Hüsameddin gave in the first volume of the book, the Amasya Mevlevîhâne was built in 714 (1314) by Alâeddin Ali Pervâne Bey. After Sheikh Ömer Çelebi, during the sheikhdom of Sheikh İbrâhim Çelebi, the Mevlevîhâne burned in the bandit raid of 1011 (1602) and its sheikh also died; but in 1047 (1637) the former grand vizier Bayram Pasha, on the application of İbrâhim Çelebi's son Mehmed Ârif Dede, had the Mevlevîhâne rebuilt and its waqfs enlarged. The "Mevlevîhâne sheikh Durmuş Dede, of the caliphs of Sheikh İbrâhim Efendi" in the entry appears as a caliph who bore the burden of the lodge in this interim period after the fire. The Mevlevîhâne, which stood near Hükümet Köprüsü on the bank of the Yeşilırmak, no longer stands today; Durma thinks that the building was probably demolished during clearance works for the square.

The Polish Campaign

The "Polish war" on which İbrâhim Bey went with the Amasya troops is Osman II's Hotin campaign of 1621. According to Feridun Emecen's entry on Osman II, the assaults against the Polish and Cossack army, which had built strong fortifications before Hotin, produced no result despite all the sultan's effort; a peace offer seen as favorable to the Ottomans was accepted, and the sultan set out on the return road on 23 Zilkade 1030 (9 October 1621). According to Hüsameddin's record, the bey's dismissal in Şevval (August 1621), before he returned from the campaign, shows that the sanjak was redistributed while the campaign was under way.

Those Not Found

Hüsameddin mentions Hayreddînzâde İbrâhim Efendi, who became kadı of Amasya, a few years earlier as kadı of Merzifon, and Seydî Beyzâde Mustafa Bey among the well-known zeamet holders of Amasya in those years. No information was found in other sources on these two, nor on Murâd Beyzâde Mustafa Ağa, Ebu Bekir Efendi, sheikh of the Bayezid Pasha İmâret, Durmuş Dede, and the Bostancıbaşı Pîr Mehmed Pasha of Bosnia.

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