Muğlalıdır.⁶²² 1017 senesi zilhiccesinin on yedinci günü Amasya sancağı beyi olup geldi. Eşkıyâ Harbi’nde vefât eden Yâkût Bey’in otuz bin akçelik ze‘âmetiyle alaybeyliği vekâletinde bulunan ve şecâ‘at ve istikâmetiyle temâyüz eden Bâkî Bey’e verildi.
Zilhiccenin yirmi üçünde Hoca Sultân Tekkesi şeyhi ve evkâfı mütevellîsi eş-Şeyh Resûl Efendi muhâsebesinde zimmeti çıktığından tevliyet ve meşîhat-ı ulemâdan Pîr Mehmed Efendi’ye kasr-ı yed etmeye mecbûr oldu.
Fakat Şeyh Resul Efendi, halkın mu‘tekadı ve mahbûb-ı kulûbu olduğundan zimmet ve ferâgati, ba’zıları kadı efendinin arz u nefsâniyetine ve ba’zıları sıdk u istikâmetine hamlederek hayli kîl ü kâl mevzu‘ oldu. [16]
Bu senenin Ramazânında kibâr-ı ulemâdan Müeyyedzâde Pirî Ahmed Efendi bin Yahya Çelebi bin Abdülvâsi Çelebi vefât etdi. Vasiyeti üzere vakf eylediği kitapları Sultân Bâyezîd Kütüphânesi’ne nakledildi. Yakut Paşa ve Pervâne Bey tevliyeti de oğulları Habîb, Ali çelebilerden ıslâh olan birâderi Derviş Hızır Çelebi’ye verildi.
1018 senesi gurre-i muharreminde hasta olan Kadı Mustafa Efendi tarafından İbrâhim Efendi Amasya nâibi oldu. Rebîülevvelinde Amasya Beyi Mahmûd Bey, İran Harbine me’mûr olduğundan Amasya muhassıl-ı emvâli olan çavuşân-ı dergâh-ı âlîden Amasyalı Abdülfettah Ağa Amasya mütesellimi oldu.
Cumâdelûlâsında Amasya Müftüsü Ebrîz Mahmûd Efendi, cehl ü denâetinden ve halkın acı acı şikâyetinden dolayı azl u def’ edilip yerine Malkaralı Köse Ahmed Efendi yine müftü olarak İstanbul’dan geldi. Cumâdelâhiresinde Kadı Mustafa Efendi’nin vefâtına binâen Receb gurresinden Müftüzâde Abdülvehhâb Efendi Amasya kadısı oldu. Merhûmun oğulları Abdullah, Abdülkerîm ve Mehmed efendilere “Kadızâde” dendi.
Bu esnada Hüseyin Ağa Vakfı kitâbetinden azledilen nakîbü’l-eşrâf es-Seyyid eş-Şeyh Celâleddîn Efendi yerine Atâzâde es-Seyyid Ahmed Efendi nakîbü’l-eşrâf kâ’im-makâmı, sipâhi meşâhirinden Köse Mehmed Ağa kethüdâyeri, yeniçeri alemdârlarından Sülûkîzâde Altıncı Mehmed Ağa [17] yeniçeri serdârı oldu.⁶²³
Şa’bânda Alaybeyi Bâkî Bey’in ref‘inden Yularkısdı Paşazâde İskender Bey Amasya alaybeyi ve Şevvâlde Karaman Beylerbeyi Amasyalı Zülfikâr Paşa vezâretle Anadolu vâlisi ve Köprülü Yûsuf Paşa da Karaman beylerbeyi oldu.
Zilhicce evâilinde Sultân Bâyezîd evkâf-ı mütevellîsi ve Amasya aynü’l-a‘yânı Hacı Efendizâde Hacı Mehmed Efendi vefât eylediğinden yerine muhassıl-ı sâbık Helkisli Mustafa Ağa ber-vech-i tekâ‘üd evkâf-ı Sultâniyye mütevellîsi oldu.
1019 senesi muharreminde Rumeli Vâlisi Amasyalı Kadızâde Ali Paşa Bağdat vâlisi olarak Amasya’ya gelip Şemsî Paşa’ya misafir oldu. Bir hafta kadar kalıp gitdi. Saferinde Şemseddîn Ahmed Paşa Sivas beylerbeyi oldu. Selefi Mehmed Paşa da ağır şikâyetlerle hapsedildi. Kethüdâ-yı sadr-ı âlî Amasyalı Ömer Ağa’ya Mar’aş Beylerbeyiliği verilip yerine Mustafa Ağa geçti.
Sivas a‘yânı, sâbık beylerbeyi Mehmed Paşa’yı bir takım mâsum adamları eşkıyâ mu‘îni diye katl u müsâdere etmekle itham ve şikâyet etmişlerdi. Şemsî Paşa, bu şikâyetleri tahkîke me’mûr oldu. Lâkin tarafgirlik ediyor diye bu da şikâyetlere ma‘ruz olup mevki‘i sarsıldı. [18]
Bunun için rebîülevvelinde Şemseddîn Ahmed Paşa, Şehr-i Zor’a nakledilip Musul vâlisi Ebû Bekir Paşa Sivas beylerbeyi ve tahkîkâta me’mûr oldu. Müte‘âkiben Amasya sancağı da esbak Sivas Beylerbeyi Osmân Paşa’ya ber-vech-i arpalık tevcîh edildi.
In Modern English
He was from Muğla. He came as sanjak governor of Amasya on the seventeenth day of Zilhicce in 1017 [1608–09]. The zeamet (large military fief) of thirty thousand akçe belonging to Yâkût Bey, who had died in the War against the Bandits (Eşkıyâ Harbi), was given to Bâkî Bey, who was serving as deputy alaybeyi and stood out for his courage and honesty.
On the twenty-third of Zilhicce, because a deficit (zimmet) was found in the accounts of eş-Şeyh Resûl Efendi, sheikh of the Hoca Sultân Tekke and administrator of its waqf, he was forced to leave the administration and the sheikhdom to the scholar Pîr Mehmed Efendi.
But since Sheikh Resul Efendi was trusted by the people and beloved in their hearts, there was considerable gossip over his deficit and his stepping down: some attributed it to the ambition and selfishness of the kadı (judge), others to his own honesty and integrity.
In the month of Ramazan of this year, Müeyyedzâde Pirî Ahmed Efendi son of Yahya Çelebi son of Abdülvâsi Çelebi, one of the great scholars, died. The books he had endowed under his will were transferred to the Sultân Bâyezîd Library. The administration of the waqfs of Yakut Pasha and Pervâne Bey was also given to his brother Derviş Hızır Çelebi, who had been reconciled with his sons Habîb and Ali Çelebi.
On the first day of Muharrem 1018 [1609–10], İbrâhim Efendi became deputy judge (naib) of Amasya through the appointment of Kadı Mustafa Efendi, who had fallen ill. In the month of Rebîülevvel, because Mahmûd Bey, the Bey of Amasya, was assigned to the Iranian War, Abdülfettah Ağa of Amasya, one of the çavuşes of the exalted court who was serving as the tax collector for Amasya, became mütesellim (deputy governor) of Amasya.
In the month of Cemâziyelevvel, Ebrîz Mahmûd Efendi, mufti of Amasya, was removed from office because of the bitter complaints of the people about his ignorance and baseness; in his place Malkaralı Köse Ahmed Efendi came from Istanbul, again as mufti. In Cemâziyelâhir, upon the death of Kadı Mustafa Efendi, Müftüzâde Abdülvehhâb Efendi became kadı of Amasya from the beginning of Receb. The sons of the deceased, Abdullah, Abdülkerîm and Mehmed Efendi, were called "Kadızâde".
At this time, in place of es-Seyyid eş-Şeyh Celâleddîn Efendi, the nakîbü'l-eşrâf (head of the descendants of the Prophet), who had been dismissed from the clerkship of the Hüseyin Ağa Waqf, Atâzâde es-Seyyid Ahmed Efendi became deputy nakîbü'l-eşrâf; Köse Mehmed Ağa, one of the leading sipahis, became kethüdâyeri (steward of the local janissary command); and Sülûkîzâde Altıncı Mehmed Ağa, one of the janissary standard-bearers, became janissary serdar.
In the month of Şa'bân, with the dismissal of the alaybeyi Bâkî Bey, Yularkısdı Paşazâde İskender Bey became alaybeyi of Amasya. In the month of Şevvâl, Zülfikâr Pasha of Amasya, Beylerbeyi of Karaman, became governor of Anatolia with the rank of vizier, and Köprülü Yûsuf Pasha became beylerbeyi of Karaman.
At the beginning of Zilhicce, Hacı Efendizâde Hacı Mehmed Efendi, administrator of the Sultân Bâyezîd waqfs and the pick of Amasya's notables, died, and in his place the former tax collector Helkisli Mustafa Ağa became administrator of the sultanic waqfs under the retirement arrangement.
In the month of Muharrem 1019 [1610–11], Kadızâde Ali Pasha of Amasya, Governor of Rumelia, came to Amasya as governor of Baghdad and stayed as a guest of Şemsî Pasha. He stayed for about a week and left. In Safer, Şemseddîn Ahmed Pasha became beylerbeyi of Sivas. His predecessor Mehmed Pasha was imprisoned over grave complaints. Ömer Ağa of Amasya, the grand vizier's steward (kâhya), was given the beylerbeyilik of Maraş, and Mustafa Ağa took his place.
The notables of Sivas had complained against the former beylerbeyi Mehmed Pasha, accusing him of killing certain innocent men on the pretext that they were aiding the bandits and of seizing their property. Şemsî Pasha was charged with investigating these complaints. But he too was complained of for taking sides, and his position was shaken.
For this reason, in the month of Rebîülevvel, Şemseddîn Ahmed Pasha was transferred to Şehrizor; Ebû Bekir Pasha, Governor of Mosul, became beylerbeyi of Sivas and was put in charge of the investigation. Immediately afterward the sanjak of Amasya was also given as an arpalık to Osmân Pasha, the former Beylerbeyi of Sivas.
Notes and Research
Old Words in the Text
- zimmeti çıkmak: for a money deficit to be found in an audit; to be found in debt
- kasr-ı yed etmek: to withdraw one's hand, to give up the post
- tevliyet: waqf administration (the office of mütevelli)
- meşîhat: sheikhdom
- cehl ü denâet: ignorance and baseness
- azl ü def‘: dismissal and removal
- nâib: a judge appointed by the kadı, or one serving as his deputy
- zimmet ve ferâgat: debt and withdrawal from office
- ber-vech-i tekâ‘üd: under the retirement arrangement
- arpalık: the right of administration, a source of income, granted to a statesman in lieu of his salary
- aynü'l-a‘yân: the pick of the notables
- yeniçeri alemdârı: janissary standard-bearer
- tevcîh: appointment, granting
- ma‘zûl: dismissed from office
The Accounts Affair at the Hoca Sultân Tekke
The interesting part of the text is the deficit found in the accounts of Resul Efendi, sheikh of the Hoca Sultân Tekke, and his withdrawal from the sheikhdom. A study of the tekkes of Amasya writes that Rasul Efendi, who was sheikh of the tekke at the beginning of the seventeenth century, was removed from the administration and the sheikhdom in 1017 (1608) on the ground that a deficit had been found in the waqf accounting, and that the scholar Pîr Mehmed Efendi was put in his place. Hüsameddin's information thus agrees with another source. Hüsameddin also records how the event was interpreted among the people: because Resul Efendi was beloved by the people, some brought up the ambition of the kadı, others the honesty of Resul Efendi.
The tekke itself stood in the Eski Darüsselam neighborhood, around today's Fethiye neighborhood, and was built in 1475 (880) by Şemseddin Ahmed Çelebi, the tutor of Prince Bayezid II in Amasya, for Cemal Halvetî (Çelebi Halife), the leading Halveti sheikh in Amasya. The sheikhdoms of the tekke long remained with the descendants of Cemal Halvetî; after a certain period, however, leading scholars became sheikhs on a retirement basis. Pîr Mehmed Efendi being referred to as one "of the ulema" is consistent with this practice. The board of administrators of the tekke, for a time, favored the Çelebizades descended from Cemal Halvetî. No information was found that the tekke is standing today.
The Sultân Bâyezîd Library
The Sultân Bâyezîd Library, to which the books endowed by Müeyyedzâde Pirî Ahmed Efendi were transferred, is a library attached to the Bayezid II Complex in Amasya. According to encyclopedic sources, the complex was completed in July 1486 (Receb 891) and consists of a mosque, a madrasa, an imaret (public kitchen) and a tabhane (hospice). The madrasa is also known as Sultaniye; according to what Hüsameddin relates, its professorship was reserved for the muftis of Amasya. This explains why elsewhere in the text the mufti is also referred to as "professor of the Sultâniyye". According to the encyclopedic source, the madrasa building survived thanks to a good restoration and was used for many years as the Provincial Public Library.
The Mütesellim and the Deputy System
The appointment of the tax collector Abdülfettah Ağa as mütesellim in place of Mahmûd Bey when the latter went to the Iranian War shows how this office worked. According to the encyclopedic explanation, the mütesellim was an official who acted as deputy of the beylerbeyi or sanjak governor, taking charge in their place and collecting taxes when they went on campaign. Here too, the tax collector is seen taking on this work when a sanjak governor went on campaign.
Mahmûd Bey and Kadızâde Ali Pasha
No information could be found about Mahmûd Bey beyond the Ahkâm Defterleri (registers of imperial orders) record that Hüsameddin gives in his footnote. According to the footnote, this man appears in the records as "Muğlalı Mahmud Bey" and is seen in 1026 (1617) as Beylerbeyi of Lahsa, Muğlalı Mahmud Pasha. In other sources no information was found to verify this record. In the text, Hüsameddin counts Kadızâde Ali Pasha, who stopped in Amasya as governor of Baghdad and stayed a week, as a man of Amasya. The sources describe him as son-in-law of Kuyucu Murad Pasha and beylerbeyi of Buda, and state that his father was Habil Efendi, kadı of Buda; so the sources disagree on whether he was from Amasya.
The Janissary Serdar and the Serdar Han
Concerning Sülûkîzâde Altıncı Mehmed Ağa in the text, Hüsameddin writes in a footnote: in Amasya the janissary ağas were called "janissary zâbıt"; because the title of serdar was given to him he became famous as "Serdâr Mehmed Ağa", and the Serdar Han in Amasya is named after him. No information on the present condition of the Serdar Han was found in any source.
Bibliography
Primary sources
- Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 4, p. 541–541. amasya.bel.tr
Academic studies
- Kadir Özköse, "Amasya'da Bulunan Halvetiyye Tekkeleri", AKADEMİAR Akademik İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 5, December 2018, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/606666
- "Beyazıt II Camii ve Külliyesi (Amasya)", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/beyazit-ii-camii-ve-kulliyesi--amasya
- "Mütesellim", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mutesellim
- "Kuyucu Murad Paşa", TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kuyucu-murad-pasa
Other sources