AMASYA 05

Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar · İKİNCİ BÂB · BİRİNCİ FASIL

Üveys Çelebi, Gümüşlüzâde Sofu

Encyclopedia · History of Amasya, Volume 7, p. 375 • Edited by: Prof. Dr. Safi ARPAGUŞ- Prof. Dr. Ahmet Hakkı TURABİ

Original Text (Ottoman Turkish)

Meşâyıh-ı Kirâm-ı Halvetiyye’den Celâleddîn Abdurrahmân Çelebi bin Hüsâmeddîn Hüseyin Çelebi bin Hazret-i Pîr İlyâs Halvetîzâde [367] Hayreddîn Hızır Çelebi mahdûmudur. Pederinden ahz u füyûzât-ı Halvetiyye ederek elli yılı mütecâviz ceddînin türbesinde münzevî ve Gümüşlüzâde “Pîr Muhyiddîn Mehmed Çelebi” İstanbul’a celbedildiğinde tekkesi şeyhi olduğu hâlde 968 hudûdunda vefât etdi.

Âlim, zâhid, sâlih, mazınna-i kerâmet, asrının kutbu idi. Ceddi türbesinin şimâl penceresi önünde pederi ve ceddi yanında medfûn iken 1312’de türbenin tecdîden i’mârında oraları türbeye ilâve edildiğinden kabri ğâib olmuşdur. Oğulları Abdurrahmân, Fethullâh, Feyzullâh Çelebilerdir. Abdurrahmân Çelebizâde el-Hâc Ahmed Efendi ve bunun mahdûmu eş-Şeyh Hasan Efendi ma’rûfdur. Bunlara Üveys Oğulları denir.

Our Research Article Editor: Mevlüt Erdem Öztürk

In Modern English

He was one of the venerable sheikhs of the Halvetiyye. He is the son of Celâleddin Abdurrahman Çelebi, who was the son of Hüsâmeddin Hüseyin Çelebi, who was the son of Hazret-i Pîr İlyâs Halvetîzâde Hayreddin Hızır Çelebi. He received the teaching and the spiritual grace of the Halvetiyye from his father and lived in seclusion for more than fifty years in his grandfather's türbe. When Gümüşlüzâde "Pîr Muhyiddin Mehmed Çelebi" was summoned to Istanbul, he became the sheikh of his tekke, and he died around 968 [1560-61].

He was a scholar, an ascetic and a pious man; he was believed to work miracles and was the qutb of his age. He had been buried in front of the north window of his grandfather's türbe, beside his father and grandfather, but when the türbe was rebuilt in 1312 [1894-95] and those places were added to the türbe, his grave was lost. His sons are Abdurrahman, Fethullah and Feyzullah Çelebi. Abdurrahman Çelebizâde el-Hâc Ahmed Efendi and his son eş-Şeyh Hasan Efendi are well known. They are called the Üveys Oğulları (Sons of Üveys).

Notes and Research

Old Words in the Text

  • meşâyıh-ı kirâm: venerable sheikhs
  • mahdûm: son
  • ahz u füyûzât: receiving a teaching and drawing on its spiritual grace
  • mütecâviz: exceeding
  • ced: grandfather, an ancestor
  • münzevî: withdrawn into seclusion, living apart from people
  • celb: summoning, having someone brought
  • zâhid: one who keeps away from worldly pleasures
  • mazınna-i kerâmet: believed to work miracles, known for his miracles
  • kutb: in Sufism, the highest spiritual leader of an age
  • tecdîd: renewal
  • i'mâr: repair, rebuilding
  • ğâib: lost, vanished
  • ma'rûf: well known

Pîr İlyâs and the Halvetiyye

The Halvetiyye order took institutional form in Azerbaijan in the time of Seyyid Yahyâ-yı Şirvânî and spread from there to Anatolia. Its arrival in Anatolia is attributed to Pîr İlyas of Amasya, one of the caliphs of Sadreddîn-i Hiyâvî (d. 860 [1455]). The "Hazret-i Pîr İlyâs" named in Hüsameddin's chain should be the same person; this is an inference. Because the text writes the names "Pîr İlyâs" and "Halvetîzâde Hayreddin Hızır Çelebi" together, it does not say plainly whether the two are one person or father and son. If we consider that, by this chain, Üveys Çelebi came three or four generations after Pîr İlyas and died in 968 [1560-61], the chain extends from the middle of the fifteenth century to the second half of the sixteenth.

A Halveti account in Amasya is also attached to Pîr İlyas's circle: three sons of Murad II who were in Amasya once visited Pîr İlyas's son-in-law, Sheikh Abdurrahman; the sheikh let two of the princes kiss his hand but knelt before Prince Mehmed (the Conqueror) and prayed that he would use all his strength for the glory of the state. This is a story reported by Hammer and is not a document. Whether Hüsameddin's Abdurrahman Çelebi and this sheikh are the same person could not be determined; according to Hüsameddin, Abdurrahman Çelebi is not Pîr İlyas's son-in-law but one of his descendants.

The Gümüşlüzâde Lodge and the Türbe

The abstract of one academic article states that the Yakub Pasha Çilehane-Mosque in Amasya was built in 1412 by the vizier Yakub Pasha for his sheikh Gümüşlüoğlu Abdurrahman and is the oldest known Halveti lodge; since the full text of the article could not be reached, this information could not be verified. Hüsameddin's "Gümüşlüzâde Pîr Muhyiddin Mehmed Çelebi" may be a later sheikh of this lodge or family; this is a guess. Which türbe Hüsameddin means could not be matched with the buildings named in the sources. The text gives no date for the summons to Istanbul; no information on Muhyiddin Mehmed Çelebi was found in other sources.

According to a study of the records of the zawiyas of Amasya in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, in this period the revenues of zawiya waqfs went more to zawiyas headed by Halveti, Naqshi and Rifai sheikhs than to Bektashi zawiyas. No separate information was found on the waqfs of the Üveys Oğulları.

Bibliography

Primary sources

  • Abdîzâde Hüseyin Hüsâmeddîn Yasar, Amasya Tarihi, Amasya Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2022, vol. 7, p. 375–375. amasya.bel.tr

Academic studies

Volume 7 contents